Ikizamini kireba mu mutima: Reka twige kuri Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)!

Ese muganga wawe yaba yaragutegetse ikizamini cyihariye kugira ngo arebe niba hari ikibazo ufite ku mutima wawe? Gishobora kuba ikizamini cya `(Transesophageal Echocardiogram)`, cyangwa nk'uko tucyita `(TEE)`. Nubwo bishobora kumvikana nk'ibidasanzwe, ni uburyo bugufasha kubona neza imiterere y'umutima wawe, uhereye imbere. Bityo ushobora kugira ubwoba cyangwa amatsiko kuri ibi. Reka tuvuge kuri iki kizamini cya `(TEE)` mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.

Iki kizamini (TEE) ni iki? Gikorwa gute?

Muri make, Echocardiogram ya Transesophageal ni ikizamini gikoresha imiraba y'amajwi kugira ngo gifate amafoto y'umutima wawe. Iki nacyo ni ikizamini cyo gupima umutima. Ariko gitandukanye gato n'ikizamini cyo gupima umutima cya Transthoracic (TTE) gisanzwe gikorerwa ku gituza. Ibi biterwa nuko amafoto afatwa ari imbere mu mubiri.

Muganga, igikoresho gito, kirekire kimeze nk'umuyoboro, tucyita "Endoscope", gishyirwa mu muhogo witonze mu muyoboro wawe w'ibiribwa (esophagus). Ku mpera y'uyu muyoboro hari "Transducer" nto. Iyi "Transducer" isohora amajwi. Aya majwi akubita ibice bitandukanye by'umutima hanyuma agasubira inyuma, nk'ijwi. "Transducer" ifata ayo majwi agaruka ikayohereza kuri mudasobwa. Mudasobwa ihindura ayo makuru mo amashusho. Aya mashusho agaragaza imiterere n'imikorere y'umutima mu buryo burambuye.

Hari igihe abaganga bakoresha uburyo bwihariye bwitwa Doppler ultrasound na Color Doppler hamwe n'iki gipimo cya TEE. Ibi bishobora gupima neza umuvuduko n'icyerekezo amaraso atembera mu mutima.

Ni iki abaganga basanga muri iki kizamini (TEE)?

Iki kizamini cya `(TEE)` gishobora gutanga ishusho isobanutse neza y'imiterere y'umutima, ni ukuvuga uburyo ibice byawo biteguye, n'uko umutima ukora. Ibi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye no kuzicunga mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Dore ingero nke:

• Aneurysm y'imitsi itera amaraso mu bwonko: Iki ni igihe urukuta rw'umutsi munini w'amaraso mu mubiri wacu (aorta) rucika intege kandi rukabyimba nk'umupira w'amapine.
• Amaraso apfutse mu mutima: Abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu mutima, cyane cyane, bakunze kurwara amaraso apfutse mu cyumba cyo hejuru cy'umutima (atria).
• Ibibyimba by'umutima: Ibi bishobora kuba kanseri cyangwa bitari kanseri.
• Indwara z'umutima zivukanwa: Ibi bivuga indwara zitandukanye z'umutima zibaho igihe umuntu avuka.
• Indwara y'imitsi y'umutima: Urugero, indwara ya mitral valve. Iyi valve ishobora kuba nto (stenosis) cyangwa igatera amaraso inyuma (regurgitation). Nanone, abantu bafite ibyuma by'inyongera bashobora gusuzumwa niba nta bibazo biri muri valve zabo, nko kwandura cyangwa kubyimba kw'amaraso.
• Indwara z'umutima cyangwa imitsi: Urugero, indwara nka `(Infective endocarditis)`.
• Indwara y'umutima: Ibi bivuga indwara zigaragara mu gasabo gato (pericardium) gakikije umutima.

Kuki iki kizamini (TEE) gikorwa? Ni mu bihe bihe?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma ikizamini cya TEE gikorwa. Reka turebere hamwe izo ari zo:

1. Niba echocardiogram isanzwe (TTE) idahagije: Nyuma yo gukorerwa echocardiogram isanzwe (TTE) ku gituza cyawe, muganga wawe ashobora gukenera kureba neza kandi mu buryo burambuye umutima wawe. Muri ibyo bihe, ikizamini cya TEE gishobora gukorwa uretse TTE kugira ngo gifashe gusuzuma ikibazo cy'umutima cyangwa gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura.

Tekereza urimo kugenda mu muhanda ukabona amasahani meza mu iduka unyuze mu kirahuri. Urabona ko amasahani afite imiterere y'indabyo, ariko ntibirasobanuka neza indabyo, utuntu duto duto, kuko hari abantu hafi aho kandi hari ikirahuri. Nuko winjiye mu iduka ukareba neza amasahani. Ni bwo ubona ko ari indabyo z'indabyo.

Uko ni ko gupima umutima bisanzwe (TTE) ku gituza bisa no kureba mu kirahuri mu iduka. Bishobora kukubwira byinshi. Ariko iyi TEE ni nko kujya mu iduka ugafata isahani. Hari ibice bimwe na bimwe by'umutima, cyane cyane ibiri inyuma, bigaragara neza kuri iyi TEE. Kubera ko umwobo wawe uri inyuma y'umutima, ni ahantu heza ho kohereza no kwakira amajwi.

Birakwiye kureba ibi bice by'umwihariko:

* Atriyumu y'ibumoso: Icyumba cyo hejuru ibumoso cy'umutima.

* Agasabo k'ibumoso bw'umutima (LAA): Agasakoshi gato, kameze nk'ugutwi kari mu gice cy'ibumoso cy'umutima. Aha niho rimwe na rimwe amaraso acika.

* Interatrial septum: Urukuta rutandukanya atrium y'ibumoso n'iy'iburyo.

* Aorta yo mu gituza: Igice cy'aorta inyura mu gituza.

Hari igihe abaganga bakora TEE aho gukora TTE. Ibi biterwa n'impamvu zikurikira:

• Iyo imiterere y'igituza iri mu mwanya wayo, bituma bigorana gukora TTE.
• Niba ufite indwara z'ibihaha (kuko zishobora kubangamira icyerekezo cy'umutima).

2. Mu bihe byihutirwa, bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga: Mu bihe byihutirwa bimwe na bimwe, abaganga bagomba kureba imiterere y'umutima vuba. Hanyuma `(TEE)` ni ingirakamaro cyane. Urugero:

• Kudahinduka kwa hemodynamic (umuvuduko w'amaraso n'ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'amaraso)
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi (Hypotension)
• Kugabanuka k'urugero rwa ogisijeni (Hypoxia)
• Ibibazo byihutirwa bisaba isuzuma ryihuse, nko gucibwamo kw'imitsi.
• Iyo hakekwa ko hari indwara y'umutima.
• Ibibazo ku mitsi y'inzobere (nk'amaraso yangiritse, ubwandu).
• Ihungabana ku gituza.

3. Reba niba amaraso afite ibice by'amaraso mbere yo kuvurwa: Mu gihe uvura indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima (arrhythmias), nko kubaga catheter cyangwa electrical cardioversion, TEE ikorwa kugira ngo irebe niba amaraso afite ibice by'amaraso mu mutima mbere yo kuvurwa. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo amaraso afite ibice by'amaraso, ashobora gucika mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no kuziba imiyoboro y'amaraso (thromboembolism).

4. Gufasha mu kubaga no mu bundi buryo bwo kuvura: Indwara yo mu bwoko bwa TEE ni igikoresho cy'agaciro cyane mu gihe cyo kubaga no mu buryo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura. Ikoreshwa mu kureba imiterere y'umutima mbere yo kubagwa no kwemeza ko kubagwa byagenze neza nyuma yo kubagwa. Ingero:

• Kubagwa indwara y'umutima yavukanye.
• Gusana valve.
• Gusimbuza valve.

Nanone, mu buryo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe catheter, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kuvura aho umuyoboro muto unyura mu mitsi y'amaraso ukagera ku mutima, TEE ikoreshwa mu kureba imbere mu mubiri no gutanga amashusho mu gihe nyacyo yo kuyobora igikorwa. Ingero:

• `(Gusimbuza valve ya aorta ya Transcatheter - TAVR)`
• `(Gusana valve ya Transcatheter mitral)`
• `(Gusana valve ya Transcatheter tricuspid)`
• `(Transcatheter ifunga igice cy'atrial cy'ibumoso)`

Ese ikizamini cya TEE gikorerwa mu mubiri? Ese hakoreshwa ikinya?

Yego, TEE ifatwa nk'ikizamini cy'ubwivumbure kuko gikubiyemo gushyira igikoresho mu mubiri. Ushobora kumva utameze neza, ariko ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye ni bike.

Akenshi, ikizamini cya TEE gisaba gusa ikinya cyo mu gace runaka no kuruhuka mu rugero ruciriritse . Ibi bivuze ko muganga azagutera umuti utera ibisebe mu muhogo wawe. Azaguha kandi umuti wo mu mitsi (IV) kugira ngo ugire icyo uruhuka.

Abantu benshi ntibakeneye ikinya rusange, ariko ni byiza kuganira na muganga wawe ku cyakubera cyiza.

None se muri iki gihe turimo gusinzira? Ese turi ubwenge?

Gufata ikiruhuko kiringaniye bizagutera gusinzira kandi bizagufasha kwipimisha nta kubabara cyane. Abaganga bazakomeza kugukurikirana kugira ngo barebe niba hari ikibazo ufite. Bashobora kuguha ikiruhuko cyiyongereyeho nibiba ngombwa.

Nubwo wahabwa `(Anesthesia Rusange)`, waba usinziriye rwose kandi nta kintu na kimwe wakwibuka ku isuzuma. Ariko, niba wahawe `(Anesthesia Rusange)`, wagombye kuba warahujwe na `(imashini ihumeka). Nanone, kubera ko wasinziriye cyane, bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo ukire kuruta iyo uhawe ikiruhuko giciriritse.

Iki kizamini kimara igihe kingana iki?

Ikizamini cya TEE gishobora gufata iminota 90 kugira ngo kirangire. Ariko,Ubusanzwe gufata amafoto bifata iminota 15.

Twakwitegura dute mbere y'ikizamini cya (TEE)?

Menya neza ko uganira na muganga wawe ku mateka y'ubuzima bwawe. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutuma ikizamini cya TEE kibaho. Menya neza ko wabibwiye muganga wawe niba ufite imwe muri izi ndwara zikurikira:

• Kanseri yo mu nda
• Igifu cy'igifu
• GERD (indwara yo kuzura aside idakira)
• Hernia yo mu gihe cyo kubyara
• Amateka yo gukoresha imiti mu mitsi (gukoresha imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mibonano mpuzabitsina)
• Ibibazo byo kumira
• Kubura umwuka wo gusinzira
• Kanseri y'igifu

Tubwire kandi niba ufata imiti y'ibi bintu:

• Ibibazo byo gusinzira
• Guhangayika
• Ububabare

Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza arambuye y'uburyo bwo kwitegura ikizamini cya TEE. Menya neza ko ukurikije ayo mabwiriza neza. Ntutinye kubaza niba hari icyo utumva. Ayo mabwiriza azaba arimo ibi bikurikira:

• Igihe cyo kureka kurya no kunywa (ubusanzwe nibura amasaha atandatu mbere yo gupimwa).
• Ni ryari wagombye gufata imiti usanzwe?
• Irinde kunywa inzoga mu gihe runaka (wenda iminsi mike mbere yo gupimwa).
• Ibindi bintu ugomba gukora cyangwa utagomba gukora mbere ya `(TEE)`.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini cya (TEE)?

Izi ni intambwe zikunze kubaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini cya `(TEE)`:

1. Uzahabwa ikanzu yo kwambara mu bitaro.

2. Muganga azashyira udupapuro duto twitwa "Electrodes" ku gituza cyawe. Utwo dupapuro dushobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe mu gihe cyo "TEE".

3. Hazashyirwa agakoresho ko gupima umuvuduko w'amaraso ku kuboko kwawe, kandi hagashyirwaho agakoresho ko gupima umuvuduko w'amaraso ku rutoki rwawe kugira ngo gakurikirane urugero rw'umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe.

4. Uzahabwa agapira ko gusiga mu muhogo kugira ngo ugire ikibazo. Muganga azagutera umuti mu muhogo. Uyu ni umuti ugabanya ububabare mu gace utuyemo. Niyo mpamvu utazumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose mu gihe cyo gupimwa.

5. Uzahabwa umuti wo kuruhura mu mitsi (IV) kugira ngo ugire icyo ugeraho.

6. Ushobora gukenera umuyoboro muto (cannula y'izuru) ushyirwa mu mazuru yawe kugira ngo uhabwe ogisijeni.

7. Uzahindurirwa ibumoso bw'ameza yo gusuzuma hanyuma uryame hasi.

8. Muganga azashyira buhoro buhoro "Endoscope" mu kanwa kawe (umuyoboro muto, muremure kandi woroshye) mu kanwa kawe. Ku mpera y'umuyoboro hari "Transducer". Uyu muyoboro umanuka mu muhogo wawe ukajya mu muyoboro w'ibiribwa. Urimo amavuta kugira ngo byoroshye kumanuka. Hari igihe uzasabwa kumira kugira ngo ufashe "Transducer" kugera ahantu heza. Ibi bishobora gusa nkaho bikubangamiye gato, ariko muganga azabikora yitonze cyane. Bazaguha umuti wo kugabanya ububabare mu muhogo wawe, kugira ngo utazababara cyane.

9. Muganga arimo gufata amafoto. Ushobora kumva ububabare. Ariko `(Transducer)` iratandukanye.Ushobora kumva igitutu gito mu gituza cyawe iyo ukizungurutse. Iki gice kimara iminota 10-15.

10. Muganga azagukuramo umuyoboro mu muhogo kandi akomeze kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe, uko umutima utera, n'urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe.

11. Tegereza kugeza igihe muganga azakubwiye ko ushobora gutaha.

Ni iki nshobora kwitega nyuma y'ikizamini cya (TEE)?

Uzakenera umuntu uzagutwara mu rugo nyuma yo gupimwa na TEE. Ntuzashobora gutwara imodoka amasaha 24 kubera ingaruka z'imiti igabanya ububabare. Ushobora kwitega ibi bikurikira:

• Umuhogo wawe uzaba ufite ibinya mu gihe cy'isaha imwe. Bizashira nyuma y'igihe runaka. Ntukarye cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kugeza igihe ibinya bishize. Iyo uriye cyangwa unyoye vuba cyane, ushobora kubyimba.
• Ushobora kugira ububabare mu muhogo mu gihe cy'iminsi ibiri. Ibi ni ibisanzwe kandi bizashira mu minsi mike. Ariko, niba ububabare bukomeje cyangwa burushijeho kwiyongera, vugana na muganga wawe.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'uburyo bwo gukora (TEE)?

Hari abantu bagira ububabare mu muhogo nyuma yo gupimwa TEE. Bushobora kumara amasaha make cyangwa kugeza ku minsi itatu kugeza kuri itanu.

Izindi ngorane ni nke cyane, ariko birashoboka:

• Ubwivumbure ku miti.
• Umusonga wo mu kirere uterwa n'ibiryo cyangwa amazi yinjira mu nzira y'ubuhumekero.
• Ibibazo by'umuvuduko w'amaraso cyangwa umuvuduko w'umutima.
• Kuva amaraso make mu nzira y'igogora.

Mbere yo gukora iki kizamini, ni ngombwa kuganira na muganga wawe ku ngaruka za TEE.

Ni gute nabona ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya (TEE)?

Muganga wawe azakubwira ibyavuye mu bipimo byawe. Ushobora kandi kubisanga mu nyandiko yawe y'ubuvuzi ya elegitoroniki (uburyo bwo kuri interineti aho ushobora kubona amakuru yawe y'ubuvuzi). Vugana na muganga wawe ku gihe uzabona ibisubizo n'uko wabyitaho.

Ni ibisanzwe ko abantu bamwe bumva bafite ubwoba cyangwa bafite ubwoba iyo bigeze ku bipimo by'ubuvuzi. Ariko, ibizamini nka Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kugukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza cyangwa kuvura ibibazo bivuka. TEE ni ikizamini gisanzwe gifite ibyago bike byo kugira ibibazo. Niba urimo gupimwa TEE, vugana na muganga wawe uburyo bwo kuyitegura n'icyo wakwitega.

Amaherezo, ibuka ibi.

Ikizamini cya TEE ni uburyo bwihariye bugufasha kubona neza imbere mu mutima wawe. Nubwo bishobora gusa nkaho bikubangamiye gato, ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gusuzuma indwara z'umutima no kuzivura neza. Icy'ingenzi ni uko niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya, vugana na muganga wawe kuri zo. Hanyuma ushobora guhangana n'iki kizamini nta bwoba kandi ufite icyizere.

` Echocardiogram ya Transesophageal, TEE, ikizamini cy'umutima, umutima, endoscope, ikizamini cya echo, umwobo