Reka twige ibijyanye no gusana valve y'imitsi.

Tekereza umutima wawe nk'inzu ifite ibyumba bine. Hariho inzugi hagati y'ibi byumba zemerera amaraso gutembera no kujya inyuma. Imwe mu 'rugi' rw'ingenzi mu mutima ni Aortic Valve. Iri ni ryo rembo rigenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso ava mu mutima ajya mu mitsi mikuru (Aorta) ijyana amaraso mu mubiri wose. Iri rembo rifungura kandi rigafunga uko umutima utera. Tekereza rero, bigenda bite iyo hari ikintu cyangiritse muri iri rembo? Ni bwo ibibazo bitangira.

Mu magambo make, gusana valve ya Aortic ni iki?

Gusana valve y'umutima ni ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bw'umutima busaba gusana inenge iri mu muryango munini w'umutima, valve y'umutima, twavuze haruguru, no kuyisubiza mu kazi kayo neza.

Tekereza uramutse utashoboye gufunga urugi mu nzu yawe neza. Muri ubwo buryo, valve y'aortike y'abantu bamwe ntifunga neza maze amaraso agatangira kuva (aortike regurgitation) . Ibi byitwa aortike regurgitation mu buvuzi. Iyo ibi bibaye, amwe mu maraso agomba kuva mu mutima ajya mu mubiri asubira mu mutima. Hanyuma umutima ugomba gukora cyane kugira ngo upompe amaraso akenewe n'umubiri wose. Iyo ibi bibaye uko igihe kigenda gihita, umutima ushobora kwangirika. Niyo mpamvu abantu bafite aortike regurgitation ikomeye n'abafite ibimenyetso bagomba kubagwa kugira ngo basane cyangwa basimbuze iyi valve.

Ubusanzwe, abaganga basimbuza iyi valve nshya rwose. Ariko, bamwe mu barwayi bashobora gusana no gukoresha valve yabo bwite. Ibi ntibishoboka kuri buri wese. Abaganga babaga basuzuma ibintu byinshi iyo bahisemo umuntu wo kubaga. Muganga ni we uzagena niba ari byiza ko usana valve cyangwa ushyiramo nshya, hashingiwe ku bintu byinshi, nko imiterere ya valve yawe n'ingano y'ibyangiritse.

Ni iki wakora mbere yo kubagwa?

Mu gihe witegura kubagwa, icy'ingenzi ni ukubanza ibizamini mbere y'igihe. Umuganga w'inzobere mu kubaga agomba kumenya neza niba valve yawe y'imitsi ishobora gusanwa. Niba ibice bya valve byangiritse cyane, byaba byiza ushyizeho valve nshya aho kuyisana.

Ikizamini nyamukuru cyabyo ni Echocardiogram ya Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) . Ibi bisaba gushyiramo umuyoboro muto ufite kamera mu muhogo wawe kugira ngo ufate amashusho yumvikana neza kandi yegereye umutima wawe. Ibi bituma muganga wawe areba neza imiterere y'umutima wawe n'ibindi bice by'umutima wawe.

Uretse iki kizamini cya TEE, uzakenera gukora ibindi bizamini byinshi.

Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza asobanutse neza y'uburyo bwo kwitegura kubagwa. Ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza ayo mabwiriza neza. Niba hari ikintu udasobanukiwe, menya neza ko wabaza muganga wawe cyangwa umuforomo. Ayo mabwiriza ashobora kuba arimo ibintu nk'ibi:

• Igihe cyo kureka kurya no kunywa mbere yo kubagwa.
• Niba ukeneye guhagarika by'agateganyo gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose usanzwe ufata.
• Igihe kirageze ngo uze kwa muganga kubagwa.
• Ibyo kuzana mu bitaro n'ibyo gusiga mu rugo.

Kubagwa bikorwa gute?

Kubaga imitsi yo mu bwonko (aortic valve) akenshi bikorwa nk'ukubaga umutima ufunguye . Ni ukuvuga ko kubaga bikorwa binyuze mu gukata igice kimwe kinini hagati mu gituza. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, kubaga bikorwa binyuze mu gukata igice gito (kubaga igice gito cyane).Ibi bishobora no gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye. Kubagwa bikorwa hakoreshejwe uduce duto twinshi mu gituza. Umuganga uzakubwira uburyo bukubereye.

Izi ni intambwe ubusanzwe abaganga bakunze gutera:

1. Anesthesia: Ubwa mbere, uzahabwa imiti igutera gusinzira burundu. Bityo ntuzumva ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa ububabare ubwo ari bwo bwose mu gihe cyo kubagwa.

2. Gukata: Hanyuma, umuganga ubaga atema rimwe cyangwa menshi mu gituza kugira ngo agere ku mutima. Mu kubaga ku mugaragaro, gukata bikorerwa uburebure bwa santimetero 2.5 hagati mu igufwa ry'igituza ( sternum ).

3. Guhuza icyuma gikoresha umutima n'ibihaha: Mu gihe cyo kubagwa, uzahuzwa n'icyuma gikoresha umutima n'ibihaha kugira ngo gikore akazi k'umutima n'ibihaha byawe. Iyi mashini izenguruka amaraso mu mubiri wawe wose kandi yongere umwuka wa ogisijeni mu maraso.

4. Gusana valve: Umuganga w’inzobere mu kubaga azasana valve yawe y’imitsi. Uburyo ibi bikorwa buzatandukana bitewe n’umuntu ku giti cye. Bizaterwa n’imiterere ya valve yawe n’ibyangiritse byayo. Urugero, annuloplasty ni uburyo bukomeza igice cy’inyuma cya valve (impeta) kandi bugatuma valve ifunga neza. Ikoresha kandi uburyo butandukanye, nko guhindura imiterere y’udupapuro tw’imvange no gushyira ibice by’imvange ku byobo cyangwa ibyacitsemo.

5. Gukemura ibindi bibazo: Niba hari ibindi bibazo ku mutima cyangwa mu muyoboro w'amaraso muri iki gihe, urugero, aneurysm , nabyo bizasanwa muri iki gihe cyo kubagwa.

6. Kurangiza kubagwa: Iyo gusana byose bikenewe birangiye, umuganga ubaga azafunga akanadoda icyuho. Itsinda ry'abaganga rizakujyana mu cyumba cyo gukira.

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo kubagwa?

Nyuma yo kubagwa, uzamara mu bitaro iminsi igera kuri itatu kugeza kuri irindwi. Muri iki gihe, abaganga n'abaforomo bazagukurikiranira hafi . Bazagusuzuma barebe niba urimo gukira neza. Bazagufasha kugenda buhoro buhoro no kugendagenda.

Mbere yo gutaha, uzabwirwa gahunda zo kuvura indwara z'umutima . Izi gahunda zizagufasha cyane mu nzira yo gukira.

Ni izihe nyungu z'ubu buvuzi?

Akamaro gakomeye ko kubaga aortic valve ni uko ubasha kugumana valve yawe karemano. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kwirinda zimwe mu ngaruka ziterwa no kugira valve nshya. By'umwihariko, bishobora kugufasha kwirinda gufata imiti igabanya amaraso mu buzima bwawe bwose. Muganga wawe azakubwira byinshi ku byiza by'ubu buryo bwo kubaga, bitewe n'imimerere yawe.

Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zo kubagwa?

Ingorane nyamukuru ishobora kubaho ni ugukenera kubagwa bundi bushya . Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma ibi bibaho:

• Amaraso ava mu muyoboro w'amaraso ndetse na nyuma yo kubagwa ( regular aortic regurgitation ).
• Kwandura kwa valvu ( endocarditis ).
• Ibice bya valvu yasanwe ntibikora nk'uko byari byitezwe.

Uretse ibi, hari ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo kubaga valve ya aorta:

• Imikorere y'umutima idasanzwe ( arrhythmia )
• Imiti igabanya ububabare ku mubiri
• Kuva amaraso menshi cyane
• Indwara y'umutima
• Umutima unanirwa
• Igisebe cy'imitsi

Urugero rw'ibyago bya buri wese ruratandukanye. Umuganga wawe azakubwira ingaruka zawe mbere yo kubagwa. Ni ngombwa ko usobanukirwa neza ingorane zose zishobora kubaho n'uko zishobora kukugiraho ingaruka. Menya neza ko ubaza niba hari icyo udasobanukiwe. Abantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima mbere yo kubagwa (urugero, umutima unaniwe cyane) bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi kurushaho.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire?

Bizagutwara ibyumweru bine kugeza ku munani kugira ngo ukire neza nyuma yo kubagwa. Niba warabazwe gake cyane, igihe cyo gukira gishobora kuba gito.

Ni ibisanzwe kumva unaniwe mu byumweru bike nyuma yo kubagwa. Ni ngombwa kuruhuka . Ntugakore akazi kenshi icyarimwe. Muganga wawe azakubwira igihe ntarengwa cyo gusubira mu mirimo isanzwe (nko gutwara imodoka cyangwa kujya ku kazi). Kwitabira gahunda zo kuvura indwara z'umutima nabyo bishobora kugufasha kumenyera ubuzima bwiza no kongera gukora siporo mu mutekano.

Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, hamagara muganga wawe vuba!

Ni ngombwa cyane kumenyesha muganga wawe vuba niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso by'ingorane nyuma yo gutaha uvuye kubagwa. Menya cyane cyane ibimenyetso bikurikira:

Ibindi bintu bike by'ingenzi ugomba kumenya

Kubaga imiyoboro y'amaraso mu buryo busanzwe bikorerwa gake cyane ugereranije no kubaga imiyoboro y'amaraso mu buryo busanzwe. Mu by'ukuri, munsi ya 5% by'ibagwa ry'imiyoboro y'amaraso mu buryo busanzwe ni ukubaga imiyoboro y'amaraso mu buryo busanzwe. Impamvu nyamukuru ibi ni uko ari ukubaga kwihariye kandi gukomeye. Kubwibyo, ubu kubaga ntibukorerwa mu bitaro byose cyangwa buri muganga.

Ubu buryo bwo kubaga buvura indwara yitwa aortic regurgitation (valve iva) . Hari igihe gusimbuza imizi y'aortic bidakoresha valve.Uku gusana valve bikorwa kandi mu rwego rwo kubaga byitwa aortic aneurysm repair. Ibi bikubiyemo gusana no kubungabunga valve yawe mu gihe uvura kubyimba (aneurysm) mu gice kinini cya aorta gihuza n'umutima wawe.

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba kandi uhangayike kuko ubu bubagwa bukomeye. Ariko ibuka ko iyo ubu bubagwa bukozwe n'umuganga w'inzobere mu kubaga, umutima wawe uzahabwa ubuvuzi ukeneye kugira ngo ukore neza kandi ukomere mu gihe kirekire. Mu gihe witegura kubagwa, ganira n'itsinda ry'abaganga ibibazo byose n'impungenge ushobora kuba ufite. Bazagusobanurira byose.