Ateriosclerosis: Impamvu, ibimenyetso n'ibyo ukeneye kumenya

Twese dukunze kumva ibintu nka 'cholesterol nyinshi' n' 'imitsi y'amaraso yazibye'. Ariko se wigeze wibaza uko ibi biba mu mibiri yacu? Imitsi yacu y'amaraso ni nk'inzira mu mibiri yacu zituma amaraso atembera neza. Iyi mihanda itwara amaraso meza kandi akungahaye kuri ogisijeni ava mu mutima wacu akayajyana mu ngingo zose z'umubiri wacu. Tekereza, bizagenda bite iyo iyi mihanda igiye kuzura ibinure n'imyanda buhoro buhoro? Ibyo ni byo twita indwara ya atherosclerosis mu buvuzi.

Mu magambo make, atherosclerosis ni iki?

Atherosclerosis ni ukwiyongera buhoro buhoro kw'ibinure, kolesteroli, kalisiyumu, n'ibindi bintu mu nkuta z'imitsi yacu (cyane cyane imitsi) kugira ngo bikore 'plaque' . Ibi byitwa 'atheroma' mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi. Uko iyi plaque ikura buhoro buhoro, urukuta rw'imitsi y'amaraso rurushaho gukomera. Ibi tubyita "gukomera kw'imitsi y'amaraso" cyangwa "gukomera kw'imitsi y'amaraso".

Igiteye ubwoba kuri ibi ni uko iyi nzira iba mu buryo butuje cyane, nta bimenyetso bigaragaye mu ntangiriro. Ushobora kutabona impinduka mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi. Ariko uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi plaque irakura kandi ikagabanya lumen (umwanya amaraso anyuramo) mu miyoboro y'amaraso.

Tekereza umuhanda w’imihanda ine ugabanutse ukajya ku murongo umwe bitewe n’umubyigano w’imodoka. Amaraso agenda aragabanuka cyane. Ibi bivuze ko ingingo zacu zibura umwuka n’intungamubiri zikenera. Ikibabaje kurushaho ni uko uyu muyoboro w’amaraso ushobora gucika mu buryo butunguranye bitewe n’amaraso agenda yihuta. Iyo bibaye, imibiri yacu ikora ikibyimba cy’amaraso kugira ngo ikire igikomere.

Bigenda bite iyo amaraso afunzwe muri ubu buryo? Biterwa n'aho amaraso apfundikiye. Urugero, iyo bigaragaye mu mitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima, umutima ntubona ogisijeni ihagije, bigatera indwara y'umutima .

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Ateriosclerosis mu by’ukuri ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Ingorane ziterwa no kwirundanya kw'ibinure mu mitsi, nko gutera k'umutima no gucika kw'imitsi, ni zo mpamvu zikomeye zihitana abantu ku isi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abantu benshi bo mu kigero cyo hagati bafite iyi ndwara, ariko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyabo ntibabizi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, nta bimenyetso bigaragara mu ntangiriro. Ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso ufunze ku kigero kirenze 70%. Abantu benshi bamenya ko bafite iyi ndwara nyuma y’impanuka, nko kurwara indwara y’umutima cyangwa gucika kw’imitsi.

Bitewe n'aho umuyoboro w'amaraso uzibye, ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri.

Kuki imiyoboro y'amaraso iziba gutya? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Abashakashatsi bemeza ko hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zitera indwara ya atherosclerosis.

• Kolesteroli mbi (LDL) na triglycerides byiyongera.
• Gukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi (kunywa itabi).
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije.
• Diyabete.

Ibi bintu bishobora kwangiza igice cyoroshye cy’amaraso mu mitsi yacu (endothelium). Uku kwangirika ni ko gutangirira inzira ya atherosclerosis. Uku kwangirika ntikubaho mu ijoro rimwe, ahubwo bibaho mu gihe kirekire cyane.

Reka turebe intambwe z'iki gikorwa mu buryo burambuye.

Iyi ni inzira imaze imyaka myinshi ikorwa. Izi ni zo ntambwe z'ingenzi.

1. Kwangirika kw'imyanya y'amaraso: Ibintu nka cholesterol nyinshi, uburozi buri mu itabi, n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso bishobora kwangiza igice cy'imbere cy'imitsi y'amaraso. Iyo iki cyangiritse kibayeho, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera dukururwa n'ako gace. Utwo turemangingo twirundanya tugatera ububyimbirwe mu mitsi y'amaraso.

2. Kurema ibinure: Iki ni cyo kimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara cya atherosclerosis. Uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera twageze aho twangiritse tugerageza gukuraho uturemangingo twa cholesterol tubitwikira. Utwo turemangingo twuzuye cholesterol twitwa 'uturemangingo tw’ifuro'. Iyo dupfuye, dusiga umurongo w’umuhondo cyangwa akadomo ku rukuta rw’imitsi y’amaraso.

3. Kwagura plaque:Uko uturemangingo tw’ifuro twapfuye n’indi myanda bikomeza kwiyongera, akantu gato k’ibinure gakura gahinduka plaque nini. Hanyuma, agapfundikizo k’uturemangingo tw’imitsi yoroshye karakora kuzenguruka iyi plaque. Ibi bibuza ibice bya plaque gucika no kwishyira hamwe mu maraso. Uko iyi plaque igenda iba nini, umwanya w’amaraso urushaho kuba muto.

4. Guturika kwa plaque: Iki ni cyo kibazo giteje akaga cyane. Plaque ikikije plaque ishobora guturika mu buryo butunguranye. Iyo ibi bibaye, amaraso acika aho hantu. Iki gipfundikizo cy'amaraso kiziba burundu imiyoboro y'amaraso, kikabuza amaraso gutembera. Ibi nibyo bitera indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibi?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere rya atherosclerosis. Bimwe muri byo dushobora kubihindura, ariko bimwe, nk'imyaka, ntabwo dushobora kubihindura.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'indwara ya atherosclerosis?

Kudakora neza kw'amaraso bishobora gutera ingorane nyinshi zikomeye. Iz'ingenzi ni izi:

• Indwara y'imitsi itera umutima
• Indwara y'umutima
• Imivuduko y'umutima idasanzwe (Arrhythmia)
• Umutima unanirwa
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Igitero cy'icyorezo cy'indwara y'imisemburo (TIA) cy'agateganyo
• Indwara y'imitsi yo mu mpande
• Indwara y'impyiko idakira (CKD)
• Gucika intege kw'imitsi y'amaraso, bigatuma ibyimba (aneurysms) bigaturika.

Ni gute wasuzuma iyi ndwara?

Muganga wawe azakurikiza intambwe zitandukanye kugira ngo amenye iyi ndwara cyangwa abare ibyago byo kuyirwara.

1. Isuzuma ryuzuye ry’umubiri: Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha stethoscope kugira ngo wumve umutima wawe n’urusaku rw’amaraso atembera mu mitsi yawe. Urugero, niba wumvise ijwi ryitwa "whooshing" ("bruit") iyo wumva imitsi ya carotid mu ijosi ryawe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’uko amaraso yapfunditse mu mitsi.

2. Kubaza amateka y'ubuzima bwawe n'amateka y'umuryango wawe: Aya makuru ashobora kugufasha gusuzuma ibyago byawe.

3. Kubaza ku mibereho yawe: Kubaza ibintu nko kuba unywa itabi n'uko indyo yawe imeze.

4. Gutumiza ibizamini by'amaraso: Ibi bishobora kukubwira byinshi ku rugero rwa cholesterol yawe, urugero rw'isukari, n'imikorere y'umutima.

Ibizamini byo kwemeza indwara

Hari igihe hakenerwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo hemezwe ko indwara yanduye kandi hategurwe uburyo bwo kuyivura.

• Angiography: Ikizamini gikoresha imirasire ya X n'irangi byihariye kugira ngo harebwe neza aho imiyoboro y'amaraso yazibye n'ingano yayo.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Ipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko w'umutima.
• Echocardiogram: Ifata amafoto y'uturemangingo tw'umutima n'ibyumba kugira ngo irebe uburyo umutima utera amaraso neza.
• Ikizamini cy'imihangayiko mu myitozo ngororamubiri: Igipimo cy'umutima wawe gipimwa mu gihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri (ugenda n'amaguru ku gikoresho cyo kwiruka).
• Gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound: Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubunini bw'imitsi y'amaraso mu ijosi (Carotid ultrasound) cyangwa mu nda (Abdominal ultrasound) no kureba niba ifite ibinure byinshi.
• CT scan: Iyi scan ifata amashusho y'imbere mu mubiri kandi ishobora kugaragaza uko imiyoboro minini y'amaraso ibyimbye kandi igafatana.

Ivurwa ite?

Kuvura indwara ya atherosclerosis birimo guhindura imibereho, imiti, ndetse nibiba ngombwa, kubagwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura. Muganga wawe azagutegurira gahunda yo kuvura ikubereye.

1. Impinduka mu mibereho

Ibi ni byo bintu by'ingenzi cyane. Izi mpinduka zishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo guhura n'ibibazo.

• Irinde ibikomoka ku itabi byose. Niba unywa itabi, rireke ako kanya.
• Fata indyo yuzuye umutima. Ni byiza kurya indyo yo mu karere ka Mediterane irimo imboga nyinshi, imbuto, ibinyamisogwe, amafi, n'ibinure byiza nk'amavuta ya elayo, hamwe n'inyama zitukura nke n'ibiribwa byatunganyijwe.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi. Tangira ugenda n'amaguru magufi kandi ukore imyitozo ngororamubiri nibura iminota 30 ku munsi, iminsi myinshi y'icyumweru.

2. Imiti (ubwoko bw'imiti)

Imiti ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibintu bishobora gutera ibinure kwiyongera. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama:

• Imiti igabanya cholesterol (urugero: statins).
• Imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Imiti igenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso.
• Imiti ibuza amaraso kuzura (urugero: aspirine) ishobora gutangwa.

3. Uburyo bwo kuvura n'uburyo bwo kubaga

Niba imiyoboro y'amaraso ifunze cyane cyangwa ibyago byo kugira ibibazo ari byinshi cyane, ushobora gukenera gukoresha ubwo buryo bwo kuvura.

• Uburyo bwo gupima no gushyiramo stent: Uburyo bwo gushyiramo agapira gato mu mitsi y'amaraso yazibye, kagashyirwamo umwuka kugira ngo kaguke, hanyuma hagashyirwamo umuyoboro muto umeze nk'umuyoboro (stent) kugira ngo udakomeza gufunga.
• Gushyira amaraso mu mitsi y'umutima mu gifu (CABG): Uburyo bwo kunyura mu mitsi y'amaraso yazibye no gukora imitsi mishya y'amaraso hakoreshejwe igice cy'amaraso cyakuwe mu kindi gice cy'umubiri.

Ukwiye gukora iki?

Ntugatinye niba usanze ufite iyi ndwara. Icy'ingenzi ni ugukorana bya hafi na muganga wawe.

• Jya ku mavuriro ku gihe cyagenwe nk'uko akubwira.
• Suzuma umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe, cholesterol, n'isukari buri gihe kandi ubigenzure neza.
• Niba hari ibimenyetso bishya bigaragaye cyangwa ibimenyetso bihari bihindutse, bwira muganga wawe ako kanya.
• Wite ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Ni ibisanzwe kumva uhangayitse kandi ufite ubwoba iyo urwaye indwara nk'iyi. Biganire n'umuryango wawe, inshuti, cyangwa umujyanama wawe niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU)?

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uri hafi yawe agize ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima (ububabare bukomeye mu gituza, guhumeka nabi, ububabare buturuka mu kuboko kw'ibumoso) cyangwa indwara yo mu bwonko (guhumira ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura, kutavuga nabi, guta ubwenge ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri) , hamagara ako kanya 1990 kugira ngo ufate imbangukiragutabara cyangwa ujye mu bitaro bikuru byita ku butabazi bwihuse (ETU). Ibi ni ibibazo byihutirwa bisaba kuvurwa byihuse.