Icyizere gishya ku batumva! Reka twige byose ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kumva imikorere y'ubwonko (Auditory Brainstem Implant - ABI)!

Ese wigeze utekereza isi idafite amajwi? Ijwi ry'umuntu ukunda, indirimbo nziza, urwenya rw'uruhinja... Ubuzima butagira icyo bumva. Biragoye kwiyumvisha, si byo se? Ariko, kuri bamwe, uku ni ukuri. Iyo babuze kumva burundu, ni ukuvuga iyo babuze kumva, batakaza isano bafitanye n'isi y'amajwi. Ariko, hamwe n'iterambere rya siyansi y'ubuvuzi, ubu hari ikoranabuhanga rishobora guha icyizere abantu nk'abo. Ibyo nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi.

Mu magambo make, iyi Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI) ni iki?

Iyi nayo ni igikoresho cyo gufasha kumva. Ariko ntabwo imeze nk'igikoresho cyo gufasha kumva usanzwe ubona mu gutwi. Igikoresho cyo mu mutwe cyo mu mutwe (Auditory Brainstem Implant - ABI) ni igikoresho gishyirwa mu mubiri mu buryo bwa "Auditory Brainstem Implant". Cyagenewe guha umuntu utumva rwose kumva ijwi .

Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo impamvu yo kubura amatwi ari ikibazo cya cochlea (ugutwi kw'imbere) cyangwa ikibazo cy'imitsi yo kumva. Ibi bivuze ko iyo "inzira" ijyana amajwi ava mu gutwi ajya mu bwonko yangiritse burundu, iki gikoresho kinyura muri iyo nzira yacitse maze cyohereza amajwi mu buryo butaziguye mu gice cy'ubwonko gishinzwe kumva (ubwonko).

Ibyiza by'ingenzi umuntu abona muri ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kuba ushobora kumenya amajwi akukikije (urugero: umuntu uvuga, imodoka iraje, nibindi).
• Ubushobozi bwo kumva icyo umuntu avuga ureba iminwa ye (gusoma iminwa) buriyongera iyo avuga.
• Hari igihe ushobora kumenya amajwi, kumva amagambo, ndetse n'interuro.

Iki gikoresho cya ABI gisa gite?

Iki gikoresho gifite ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: kimwe cyambarwa hanze y'umubiri, ikindi gishyirwa mu mubiri hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "bag".

1. Poroseseri: Iki ni igice kiri inyuma y'umubiri wawe. Kimeze nk'agakoresho gato. Kiba cyambaye ku gutwi kwawe cyangwa ku ruhande rw'umutwe wawe. Gikoresha mikoro kugira ngo gifate amajwi akukikije. Hanyuma gihindura ayo majwi mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi hanyuma kikayohereza ku kindi gice cyashyizwe munsi y'uruhu rwawe. Ushobora gukuraho iki gice cyo hanze mu gihe usinziriye.

2. Gutera imbere mu mubiri: Ibi nibyo abaganga babaze bashyira mu mubiri. Ibi kandi bifite ibice bibiri:

• Agakoresho ko gukurura: Kashyirwa munsi y'uruhu rw'umutwe wawe. Kakira ibimenyetso bivuye kuri poroseseri yo hanze.
• Imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi: Ibimenyetso biva kuri mashini ifata amakuru bigezwa mu gice cy’ingenzi cy’ubwonko, ari cyo gice cy’inyuma cy’ubwonko, mu gice cy’ubwonko, binyuze mu gakoresho gato k’amashanyarazi.

Mu magambo make, ifata amajwi yo hanze ikayohereza imbere. Imbere yohereza ayo majwi mu bwonko.

Ese iyi ABI ni kimwe na Cochlear Implant dukunze kumva?

Oya. Nubwo byombi ari ibikoresho byatewe mu kubaga bifasha mu kumva, uburyo bikora n'abantu bahuje biratandukanye. Tekereza kuri ubu buryo: ugutwi ni irembo, naho imitsi yo kumva ni inzira iva ku irembo ijya mu rugo (ubwonko).

• Igitereko cya cochlear gikoreshwa ku bantu bafite irembo ryonyine (`cochlea` iri mu gutwi) ryangiritse, ariko inzira yabo yo gutaha (imitsi yo kumva) ikaba imeze neza. Igitereko cya cochlear kinyura ku irembo ryavunitse maze cyohereza ibimenyetso mu muhanda (imitsi yo kumva).
• ABI ikoreshwa gusa n'abantu bafite irembo (cochlea) n'umuhanda (imitsi yo kumva) byangiritse, cyangwa badafite umuhanda na gato. Muri icyo gihe, nta mpamvu yo kohereza ibimenyetso mu muhanda. Icyo ABI ikora ni ukunyura mu irembo no mu muhanda hanyuma ikabyohereza mu buryo butaziguye mu nzu (ubwonko).

Iri tandukaniro rizarushaho kugaragara neza iyo urebye imbonerahamwe iri hepfo.

Ni nde ukwiriye kubagwa kwa ABI?

Ubu buryo bwatangiye gukoreshwa ku bantu bafite indwara idakunze kugaragara yitwa `Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2).` Muri iyi ndwara, ibibyimba bikura ku mitsi yo kumva. Kubaga kugira ngo bikureho ibi bibyimba bishobora kwangiza imitsi yo kumva. Hanyuma bigatakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva mu matwi yombi. Muri icyo gihe, nta cyuma gifasha kumva cyangwa cochlear implant bizafasha. Niyo mpamvu ABI ifasha cyane abantu nk'abo.

Ariko ubu, si abafite NF2 gusa, ahubwo n'abafite imitsi yo kumva cyangwa ugutwi kw'imbere mu mutima batagikora neza kubera izindi mpamvu nyinshi bashobora kungukirwa n'ubu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Urugero:

• Abana bato bavukana imitsi yo kumva idahari (`aplasia`) cyangwa itarakura neza (`hypoplasia`).
• Abantu babuze amatwi bitewe n'impamvu nko kugira ubumuga mu ishusho y'ugutwi imbere (cochlea), gukura kutuzuye (cochlear hypoplasia), kutagira ibice by'umubiri (cochlea aplasia), cyangwa gukura kw'amagufwa (cochlear otosclerosis cyangwa cochlear ossification).
• Abafite ikibazo cy'imitsi yo kumva yangiritse bitewe n'ibikomere bikomeye byo mu mutwe (urugero: kuvunika amagufwa mu gihe runaka).
• Ku bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bitewe n'izindi mpamvu kandi badashobora kumvikana n'ikindi gikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose.

Ni iki wakora mbere yo kubagwa?

Kubera ko iki ari igikorwa gikomeye cyo kubaga, hakorwa ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uko umeze mbere y’igihe.

• Gupima imyitwarire: Bipima urwego rw'amatwi yawe.
• Isuzumabumenyi: Umuganga w’indwara z’ururimi azasuzuma ubuhanga bwawe mu rurimi n’uburyo bwo kuvugana.
• Isuzuma rya Electrophysiologic: Isuzuma ryihariye rikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza aho n'urugero utwuma tw'amatwi twangiritse.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Ibi birimo gupima CT na MRI kugira ngo bisuzume ugutwi kw'imbere, imitsi yo kumva, n'imiterere ikikije ubwonko.
• Amateka y'ubuvuzi: Muganga wawe azabaza ibibazo by'uburwayi bwawe n'amateka y'ibibazo byo kutumva.

Ni izihe nyungu, ingaruka, n'ibisubizo by'ubu buvuzi?

Iyo tuvuze kuri ibi, tugomba gusobanukirwa uko ibintu bimeze mu by'ukuri.

Ibyiza:

Nubwo ibisubizo bitandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye, muri rusange, ibintu nko kumenya imvugo no gusoma iminwa biratera imbere cyane. By'umwihariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abana bakorerwa ubu buvuzi bakiri bato (mbere yuko batakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva) bafite ubushobozi bwo kumva amagambo kurusha abantu bakuru.

Ingaruka n'ingorane:

Ubu ni ukubaga ubwonko bigoye cyane, bityo hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe. Ariko, iyo bikozwe n'itsinda ry'abaganga b'inzobere bafite uburambe muri ubwo bwoko bw'ukubaga, amahirwe yo kugira ibibazo aba make cyane. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibi byose mbere yo kubagwa. Zimwe mu ngorane zishobora kubaho ni izi:

• Kuva kw'amazi yo mu bwonko.
• Kunanirwa kwinjiza implant.
• Kubabara guterwa no gukangura imitsi itari iyo kumva.
• Indwara nka meningite.
• Kwangirika kw'imitsi yo mu maso (`Palsy of your facial nerve`).
• Kwandura igikomere cyo kubagwa.

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo kubagwa?

Uzakenera kumara iminsi ibiri kugeza kuri ine mu bitaro nyuma yo kubagwa. Niba warabazwe mu gihe kimwe no gukuraho ikibyimba cya NF2, kumara kwawe mu bitaro bishobora kumara igihe kirekire.

Iyo igikoresho kimaze gushyirwaho, bizatwara ibyumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu kugira ngo gikoreshwe. Nyuma y'ibyo, uzagirana gahunda nyinshi n'umuganga w'amatwi. Igihe cyose, igikoresho kizaba cyateguwe kugira ngo kigukorere neza. Iki gikorwa kizakomeza mu gihe cy'umwaka wa mbere.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga wawe?

Nyuma yo kubagwa, niba ugize umuriro cyangwa ububabare bukabije, ugomba guhita ubimenyesha muganga wawe. Itsinda ry’abaganga rizagukurikiranira hafi kugira ngo wirinde ingorane. Nyuma yo kubagwa, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwa muganga w’amatwi ku minsi yagenwe kugira ngo uhindure imiterere y’igikoresho.

Gutera Brainstem Implant (Auditory Brainstem Implant - ABI) si ibya buri wese. Ariko, ku bantu bamwe badafite andi mahitamo kandi batumva rwose, bitanga amahirwe y'agaciro yo kongera kwiyumvanamo n'isi y'amajwi. Uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya niba ibi bikubereye cyangwa bikubereye umuntu uzi ni ukuganira n'inzobere.