Ese ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa indwara nka asima? Ese wigeze ureba izina ry'icyuma gihumeka ukoresha? Muganga wawe ashobora kuba yaraguhaye umuti witwa "beta-agonist". Ibi bivuze iki mu by'ukuri? Izina rishobora kumvikana nk'irigoye, ariko ntugire ikibazo. Uyu munsi turabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye cyane ushobora kumva.
Mu magambo make, uyu muhanga mu by'ubuvuzi (beta-agonist) ni iki?
Beta-agonists ni ubwoko bw'imiti ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara z'ibihaha. Kugira ngo usobanukirwe uko bikora, ugomba gusobanukirwa "uduce duto" mu mibiri yacu. Tubyita beta-receptors . Tubifate nk'inzugi nto mu turemangingo twacu. Beta-agonist ni urufunguzo rufungura izi nzugi.
Iyo uyu muti (urufunguzo) ugiye gufatana n'uwo muyoboro (urugi), uwo muyoboro ubona "ikimenyetso" cyo gukora ikintu runaka. Iki kimenyetso gituma imitsi yo mu ngingo nk'ibihaha byacu n'umutima biruhuka. Iyo imitsi yo mu bihaha iruhutse, inzira z'ubuhumekero zigabanuka, bigatuma byoroha guhumeka. Nanone, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'aba-beta-agonists bushobora kongera umuvuduko w'umutima wacu no kongera imikorere y'umutima.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'abaterankunga ba beta?
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa beta-receptors mu mubiri wacu: beta-1, beta-2, na beta-3. Bityo iyi miti yagenewe kwibasira izo receptors.
Beta-1 agonists
Iyi miti yibasira cyane cyane za receptors za beta-1 mu mutima wacu. Iyo iyi miti itanzwe, umutima utangira gutera cyane kandi ugatangira gukurura amaraso cyane. Iyi miti ikunze gukoreshwa n'abaganga mu bitaro mu bihe byihutirwa nko mu ndwara z'umutima.
Beta-2 agonists
Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa beta-agonist bukoreshwa cyane. Ifuru ya asima ukoresha ishobora kuba imwe muri ubwo bwoko bw'imiti. Iyi miti yibasira beta-2 receptors mu bihaha . Iyo iyi miti ihumekwa binyuze mu ifuru, iruhura imitsi ikikije inzira z'ubuhumekero mu bihaha, bigatuma birushaho kuba binini. Niyo mpamvu yitwa bronchodilators .
Ubu bwoko bwa beta-2 agonist nabwo bugabanyijemo amatsinda abiri:
- Abakoresha beta-agonists bakora vuba (SABA): Aba ni bo ufite mu "mashini zifasha mu guhumeka." Tekereza ko urwaye asima mu buryo butunguranye kandi ukaba uhumeka nabi. Iyo ukoresheje iyi mashini, ihita yagura inzira z'ubuhumekero bwawe kandi bigatuma byoroha guhumeka mu minota mike.
- Abakoresha beta-agonists igihe kirekire (LABA):Ibi bikoreshwa buri munsi kugira ngo bigabanye ibimenyetso. Abaganga barabisaba abantu bafite indwara nka COPD (Indwara y'ibihaha idakira) cyangwa abantu bakunze kugira ibibazo bya asima. Ingaruka zabyo zimara amasaha menshi.
Beta-3 agonists
Ubwo bwoko bw'imiti ni bushya. Imiti isanzweho ya beta-3 agonists ikoreshwa mu kuruhuka imitsi y'uruhago . Iyi miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara yitwa "uruhago rukora cyane," aho uba ugomba kunyara kenshi. Yongera ubushobozi bw'uruhago kandi ikagenzura ubushake bwo kunyara.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gutanga agonists za beta
Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, uburyo beta-agonists ikoreshwamo buratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa beta-agonist.
- Indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero: Beta-2 agonists (cyane cyane ikoreshwa mu guhumeka) ikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara nka asima na COPD .
- Ubutabazi bwihutirwa mu buvuzi: Beta-1 agonists ikoreshwa mu bitaro kugira ngo yongere gukora neza k'umutima mu gihe hari allergie ikomeye (anaphylaxis) ndetse no guhungabana k'umutima.
- Indwara z'umutima: Izi zishobora no gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima.
- Ibibazo by'inkari: Beta-3 agonists ikoreshwa mu kuvura uruhago rukora cyane.
- Igipimo cya potasiyumu kiri hejuru mu maraso (Hyperkalemia): Hari ubwo, beta-2 agonist ikoreshwa mu kugenzura igipimo cya potasiyumu kiri hejuru mu maraso.
Igikuru ni uko utagomba gukoresha iyi miti udafite inama ya muganga. Muganga wawe ni we wenyine ushobora kugena umuti ukubereye, urugero, n'uburyo bwo kuwukoresha.
| Ubwoko bwa Beta-agonist | Ingero (amazina y'imiti) | Ikoreshwa cyane cyane |
|---|---|---|
| Agostini ya beta-2 ikora vuba (SABA) | Albuterol, Salbutamol, Levalbuterol | Ku bibazo by'ubuhumekero butunguranye buterwa na asima cyangwa COPD. |
| Agostini ya beta-2 ikora igihe kirekire (LABA) | Formoterol, Salmeterol, Indacaterol | Kugira ngo umenye ibimenyetso bya asima na COPD buri munsi. |
| Beta-1 agonist | Dobutamine, Norepinephrine (Norepinephrine) | Kongera imikorere y'umutima mu bihe byihutirwa nko mu ndwara z'umutima. |
| Beta-1 na beta-2 agonists | Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Isoproterenol | Mu bihe byihutirwa nko kugira allergie ikomeye (anaphylaxis). |
| Beta-3 agonist | Mirabegron | Uruhago rukora cyane. |
Uyu muti ukora ute imbere mu mubiri?
Ibi biroroshye cyane kubyumva. Umubiri wacu ufite ikintu cyitwa "systeme y'imitsi yigenga." Ibi ni byo bigenzura ibintu tudashobora kugenzura (nk'ubuhumekero, umuvuduko w'umutima). Igice kimwe cy'ibi cyitwa "systeme y'imitsi irangwa n'impuhwe." Ibi ni byo bitera umubiri wacu "gurwana cyangwa guhunga" .
Tekereza ko uri kugenda mu muhanda maze imbwa ikagukurikirana. Umubiri wawe uhinduka cyane mu buryo butunguranye, sibyo?
- Umutima urimo gutera cyane.
- Guhumeka biri kugenda byihuta.
- Umubiri wumva ufite imbaraga nyinshi.
Ibyo nibyo "système nervous sympathique" ikora. Imiti ya beta-agonist ikora mu buryo bw'ubukorano ibice bimwe na bimwe by'iyi sisitemu, nta ngaruka zo kugira ikibazo nk'iki.
- Ku bihaha: Bifasha umubiri kubona umwuka mwiza, bigafasha umubiri kubona umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni.
- Ku mutima: Bwongera umuvuduko w'umutima kandi bukohereza amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni mu mitsi vuba cyane.
- Ku ruhago rw'inkari:Biruhura uruhago, bigatuma rufata inkari nyinshi.
Ubwoko bw'imiti ikora ibinyuranye n'ibi yitwa "beta-blockers." Ibuza za beta-receptors (amarembo) twavuze. Hanyuma beta-agonists ntibashobora kuyitera imbaraga.
Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'iyi miti?
Kimwe n'indi miti yose, abantu barwaye beta-agonist bashobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku bantu bamwe na bamwe. Ariko, iyo ikoreshejwe nk'umuti uhumeka, umuti ujya mu bihaha, bityo ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi akenshi biba bike. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora guhura n'ibintu nk'ibi bikurikira:
- Ukwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'umutima (Tachycardia)
- Umutima utari mwiza (Arrhythmia)
- Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension)
- Guhinda umushyitsi kw'amaguru
- Kubura amahoro cyangwa guhangayika
- Kubira ibyuya
- Umutwe
- Kuribwa imitsi
Niba ugize imwe muri izi ngaruka mbi, cyangwa niba umuti wawe usa n'aho udakora, vugana na muganga wawe ako kanya . Ashobora kuba yaguhindurira urugero cyangwa akakwandikira undi muti.
Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?
Niba ukoresha beta-agonist, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga wawe muri ibi bihe.
- Niba ugize ingaruka mbi zitunguranye cyangwa zikomeye.
- Niba wumva ko uburyo uvura butagikora. Urugero, niba washoboraga gukoresha ifuro rimwe gusa ry'umuti wawe uhumeka, ariko ubu ugomba gukoresha ifuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu.
- Niba ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera umunsi ku wundi.
Niba ugize ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, ububabare mu gatuza, cyangwa iminwa y'ubururu, jya mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bw'ibanze cy'ibitaro biri hafi yawe. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Beta-agonists ni ubwoko bw'imiti ivura ahanini indwara z'ubuhumekero nka asima na COPD.
- Ibi bikora mu kwagura inzira z'ubuhumekero mu bihaha no koroshya guhumeka.
- Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: ingirabuzimafatizo ngufi (SABA) n'ingirabuzimafatizo ngufi (LABA). SABA ikoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa.
- Uyu muti ugomba gukoreshwa gusa iyo muganga agusabye, kandi mu gipimo cyagenwe.
- Ingaruka mbi nko gutigita kw'intoki no gutera k'umutima vuba bishobora kubaho, kandi niba bikomeye cyangwa niba wumva ko ubuvuzi budakora, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya.
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