Ese ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva? Cyangwa hari umuntu uzi ufite ikibazo nk'icyo? Akenshi, igisubizo twese tuzi ni ugukoresha icyuma gifasha kumva. Ariko se wari uzi ko atari buri wese ukwiriye ibi bikoresho bifasha kumva? Hari abantu badashobora gukoresha ibi bikoresho bishyirwa mu gutwi bitewe n'indwara zo mu matwi, ubumuga bumwe na bumwe mu gihe cy'amavuko, cyangwa izindi ndwara. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye gato ryaje gufasha abantu nk'abo. Ibi byitwa BAHA (Ubufasha bwo Kumva bw'Amagufwa) .
Mu magambo make, BAHA ni iki?
Reka tubanze turebe uko ibi bikora. Icyo icyuma gifasha kumva gisanzwe gikora ni ukongera ijwi riva hanze hanyuma kikaryohereza mu matwi yacu rigashyirwa mu gutwi ko hagati no mu gutwi ko imbere. Ni ukuvuga ko rinyura mu nzira imwe n'iyo amajwi asanzwe anyuramo.
Ariko igikoresho cya BAHA kiratandukanye rwose. Ni igikoresho kibagwa ku igufwa ry'agahanga . Kibikora binyuze mu kuzunguza imiraba y'amajwi mu buryo butaziguye mu magufwa y'agahanga kawe hanyuma kikayohereza muri cochlea, igice kinini cy'ugutwi imbere gifite inshingano zo kumva. Mu by'ukuri, kinyura mu nzira isanzwe y'amajwi hanyuma kikayohereza mu buryo butaziguye mu gutwi imbere binyuze mu nzira y'uburinzi. Hari n'abantu bacyita `Gutera Amatwi Guterwa n'Amagufwa (BAI)`. Amazina yombi avuga igikoresho kimwe.
Igikoresho cya BAHA muri rusange kigizwe n'ibice bitatu:
- Ishinge rya titanium: Iki ni agace gato k'icyuma kabagwa kagashyirwa mu igufwa ry'agahanga.
- Ihuza ry'inyuma/Umugozi: Iki ni igice gifatanye n'icyuma gishyirwamo implant kandi kigaragara gato uvuye ku ruhu.
- Porosesa y'amajwi: Iki ni igice gifata amajwi aturutse hanze, kikayahinduramo imihindagurikire, hanyuma kikayohereza mu igufwa binyuze mu cyuma gihuza amajwi. Dushobora kuyakuraho no kongera kuyashyiraho igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa BAHA?
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uburyo bwo kumva butuma amagufwa avurwa. Muganga wawe azagusaba ubwoko bukubereye bitewe n'imyaka yawe, uburwayi bwawe, n'ibyo ukunda.
| Ubwoko bwa BAHA | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| BAHA (Ishobora guterwa mu buryo bwo kubaga) | Ubu ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Umuganga ubaga ashyira agashishwa gato ka titaniyumu mu igufwa riri inyuma y'ugutwi kwawe. Iyo kamaze gukira, gashobora gushyirwaho icyuma gitunganya amajwi cyo hanze kugira ngo gatange kumva. Iki gice cyo hanze gishobora gukurwaho iyo uryamye cyangwa wiyuhagiye. |
| Udukoresho two Kumva mu Gukoresha Amagufwa mu Buryo Butavurwa ( BCHA ) | Ibi bikunze kwitabwaho n'abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5 ndetse n'abadashaka kubagwa. Hari ibikoresho bishobora gushyirwa ku ruhu hakoreshejwe kole. Ibindi bishobora gushyirwa ku gitambaro cyo mu mutwe hanyuma bikambarwa igihe bikenewe. Ushobora kandi kugerageza ubu buryo mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo umenye ibisubizo. |
Umuganga w’indwara z’amaso (ENT) n’umuganga w’amatwi bazagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza muri ubu buryo.
Ni nde ukwiriye iki gikoresho cya BAHA?
Si buri wese uzabikenera, ariko ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bumwe na bumwe.
Mu magambo make, niba ugutwi kwawe imbere gukora neza, ariko hakaba hari imbogamizi mu nzira y'amajwi ava mu gutwi ko hanze ajya mu gutwi ko imbere, BAHA ishobora kuba igisubizo cyiza cyane.
Hari ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi bujuje ibisabwa kuri ibi:
- Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva cyangwa kumva bivanze: Iki ni ikibazo aho amajwi adaca mu gutwi neza.
- Ubumuga bwo mu ruhande rumwe: Ibi bivuze ko ugutwi kumwe gushobora kumva neza mu gihe ukundi gushobora kumva bike cyane cyangwa kutabyumva na gato.
Zimwe mu ndwara zishobora gutera ububabare bwo kutumva zirimo:
- Indwara zidakira zo mu matwi yo hagati
- Kolesteatoma
- Neurima y'amajwi
- Indwara ya Ménière
- Atresia y'amatwi (kunanirwa gukura neza kw'ugutwi kwo hanze cyangwa ko hagati)
Niba ufite ikibazo nk'iki, ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe hanyuma ukamwohereza kwa muganga w’inzobere mu matwi, amazuru n’umuhogo kugira ngo baganire kuri iki kibazo birambuye.
Kubagwa bikorwa gute?
Ubu buryo bworoshye kandi busanzwe bufata hagati y'iminota 30 na 60. Dore bimwe mu bintu bibaho mu gihe cyo gukora:
1.Anesthesia: Uzahabwa anesthesia kugira ngo utazagira ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose. Bushobora kuba ubwo mu gace runaka cyangwa ubwo muri rusange.
2. Gukata gato: Gukata gato cyane bikorwa ku ruhu ruri inyuma y'ugutwi.
3. Umwobo mu igufwa: Umwobo muto ukorwa mu igufwa rya `mastoid`, riri mu gice cy'agahanga inyuma y'ugutwi.
4. Gushyiramo inshinge: Inshinge nto ya titaniyumu, ifite uburebure bwa milimetero 3-4 (hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingano y'amashaza), ishyirwa mu igufwa.
5. Gufata agakoresho ko gushyiramo agakoresho: Agakoresho ko hanze gafatanywa n'agakoresho ko gushyiramo agakoresho. Ibi bizagaragara gato uruhu rumaze gukira.
6. Gusunika: Aho gukata harafungwa, hagasukwa, hanyuma hagashyirwamo agapfundikizo gasukuye.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi nyuma yo kubagwa ni inzira yitwa osseointegration . Muri make, iki ni igihe igufwa ryawe rikura mu buryo busanzwe hafi y'icyuma cya titanium, maze byombi bigahuzwa neza nk'ikintu kimwe. Iki gikorwa gishobora gufata igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kuva ku kwezi kumwe kugeza kuri bitatu kugira ngo kirangire. Nyuma y'iki gihe, icyuma gitunganya amajwi cyo hanze gishyirwamo kandi kigahuzwa n'uburyo wumva.
Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi bya BAHA?
Nk’uko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, ubu buryo bufite ibyiza n’ibibi.
| Ibyiza | Ibibi |
|---|---|
| Ihumure: Biroroshye cyane kuko nta mpamvu yo gushyira ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu gutwi nk'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kumva. Bigabanya ibyago byo kugira allergie ku ruhu. | Bisaba kubagwa: Ingorane nyamukuru ni uko ibi bisaba kubagwa. Nubwo ubu ari ukubagwa gato, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe mu kubagwa uko ari ko kose. |
| Ubwiza bw'amajwi: Kubera ko ijwi rijya mu igufwa ritanyuze mu ruhu, ubwiza bw'amajwi ni bwinshi cyane. | Ingaruka zo kubagwa: Nubwo bidakunze kubaho cyane, ubwandu, kubyimba, cyangwa kwangirika kw'implante bishobora kubaho. |
| Ubushobozi bwo guhanura ibisubizo: Mbere yo kubagwa, ushobora kugerageza BCHA idafite ubuvuzi hanyuma ukabona igitekerezo cy'uko ibisubizo bizaba bimeze. | Ibikomere byo mu mutwe: Iyo umuntu ufite inshinge akubiswe bikomeye ku mutwe, hari ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa kwangirika kwa inshinge. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kwambara ingofero iyo utwaye amagare, moto, ndetse no mu mikino yo gukubitana. |
Igihe cyo kubonana na muganga nyuma yo kubagwa
Mu minsi mike ya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa (iminsi 3-7), ushobora kugira ububabare n'umutuku hafi y'aho utereye. Ibi ni ibisanzwe. Ariko, niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira, ugomba guhita uhamagara muganga wawe .
- Amazi ameze nk'ibibyimba, kubyimba, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubwandu aho umwana yatewe.
- Kubabara cyane mu matwi bitashira nubwo wamaze gufata imiti.
- Umuriro ufite ubushyuhe bw'umubiri burenze dogere selisiyusi 38.3 (101 Fahrenheit).
Ese BAHA na Cochlear Implant ni kimwe?
Iki ni ikintu gitera urujijo abantu benshi. Nubwo byombi ari ibikoresho byo kumva, birakora kandi bikwiranye n'ibihe bibiri bitandukanye rwose.
- BAHA: Ibi bikora binyuze mu kohereza amajwi anyura mu magufwa y'agahanga kugeza ku gutwi kw'imbere (cochlea) bikora neza . Ibi bivuze ko bikwiriye abantu badafite ikibazo cy'amatwi yabo y'imbere.
- Implanto ya Cochlear: Iyi inyura mu gutwi kw'imbere kwangiritse cyangwa kudakora neza neza , ikangura imitsi yo kumva.
Muri make, BAHA ni nk'ikiraro gifasha amajwi kugera mu gutwi imbere. Ariko Cochlear Implant ni sisitemu yohereza ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu mitsi ijya mu bwonko ku muntu ugutwi kwe imbere kudakora.
Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kumva bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe. Bishobora kubabaza no gutera agahinda. Cyane cyane iyo ibikoresho bisanzwe by’ubuvuzi bidakora. BAHA ni ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuvuzi rishobora gusubiza ubushobozi bwo kumva ku bantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe, kandi bafite igipimo cyo gutsinda kiri hejuru cyane (barenga 90%). Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi kuri ibi, ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe ukareba niba wujuje ibisabwa.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- BAHA (Ubufasha bwo Kumva Bufite Amagufwa) ni igisubizo cyiza ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bumwe na bumwe ariko badakoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kumva.
- Ubu ni uburyo bwo kohereza ijwi mu gutwi imbere binyuze mu kuzunguruka mu magufwa y'agahanga, ukanyura mu nzira isanzwe y'ijwi mu gutwi.
- Ibi bisaba kubagwa gato, ariko ni uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwo kuvura.
- Niba kandi ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva, ni ngombwa kuganira n'inzobere mu by'amatwi, amazuru n'umuhogo (ENT) kugira ngo barebe niba ubu buryo bw'ubuvuzi bukubereye.
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