Ese ukunda kuva amaraso mu mazuru? Ese ujya ubona ibibara bitukura ku ruhu rwawe? Ese ibi byaba ari HHT (Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia)?

Ese ukunze kuva amaraso mu mazuru? Cyangwa ufite utudomo duto dutukura ku ruhu rwawe, cyane cyane mu maso, ku minwa no ku ntoki? Birashoboka ko mama wawe, papa wawe, cyangwa undi muntu wo mu muryango wawe yahuye n'ibi bibazo. Dushobora kutita cyane kuri ibi bintu, tukavuga tuti "Oh, ni cyo gihe cyacu gusa." Ariko, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kuba hari impamvu y'ubuvuzi inyuma y'ibi twagombye kumenya. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku ndwara idasanzwe ariko ikomeye cyane tugomba kumenya. Iyo ni HHT, cyangwa Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia .

Mu magambo make, HHT ni iki?

HHT ni indwara y’uturemangingo ihererekanywa kuva ku gisekuru kugeza ku kindi. Igira ingaruka cyane cyane ku buryo imiyoboro y’amaraso yacu, cyangwa imiyoboro y’amaraso, ikorwa. Tekereza ku miyoboro y’amaraso mu mubiri wacu nk’urusobe rw’imihanda. Hariho imiyoboro y’amaraso, nk’imihanda minini, n’imiyoboro y’amaraso, nk’imihanda minini. Imihanda mito, y’impande ihuza iyi mihanda ibiri minini yitwa capillaries.

Ikibaho ku muntu urwaye HHT ni uko izi mibonano yoroshye yitwa capillaries idakora neza. Ahubwo, hari imikoranire itaziguye, idasobanutse, kandi idakomeye hagati y'imitsi n'imitsi. Mu buvuzi, izi mibonano twita misformed connections Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) .

Izi ndwara za AVM zishobora kuvuka mu rugingo urwo arirwo rwose mu mubiri wacu, urugero nko mu mazuru, mu bihaha, mu mara, cyangwa mu bwonko. Indwara nto cyane ya AVM ivuka ku ruhu yitwa Telangiectasia . Izi ni utudomo duto dutukura tugaragara imbere mu ruhu rwawe, nko mu minwa. Iyi mitsi y'amaraso idakomeye ishobora guturika byoroshye cyane. Iyo iturika ikava amaraso, ishobora no gutera indwara zikomeye, bitewe n'aho iherereye.

Iyi ndwara yibasira umuntu umwe ku bantu 5.000 ku isi yose. Ariko kubera ko abantu benshi batayirwaye, bikekwa ko hashobora kuba hari abarwayi benshi. Ishobora kugaragara ku bantu b'imyaka iyo ari yo yose n'ubwoko ubwo ari bwo bwose. Nanone yitwa Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome .

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'indwara ya HHT?

Ibimenyetso bya HHT bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Biterwa n'aho imitsi isanzwe y'amaraso (AVM) twavuze mbere iherereye mu mubiri. Hari abantu bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ariko abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye cyane.

Reka dushyire ibi bimenyetso mu byiciro mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.

Kuki HHT ibaho?

Ibi ni imiterere y'umubiri (genetics) rwose.Biterwa n'ikintu runaka. Ni ukuvuga ko atari indwara yandura. Ni ikintu ababyeyi barazwe n'abana. HHT ni indwara iterwa na gene ikomeye (indwara ikomeye). Ibyo bivuze ko niba umwe mu babyeyi bawe yararwaye iyi ndwara, nawe ufite amahirwe 50% yo kurwara iyi ndwara.

HHT iterwa n'impinduka mu turemangingo tubiri (gene ya `ENG` na gene ya `ACVRL1`), kandi abahanga mu bya siyansi baracyakora ubushakashatsi kuri ibi.

Niba ufite HHT, ni ngombwa cyane kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uko abana bawe bashobora kuyiragwa.

Ni gute HHT ipimwa?

Muganga ashobora gukeka ibi nyuma yo kumva ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'umuryango wawe. Nubwo ibizamini by'uturemangingo bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo byemezwe ko wanduye, akenshi isuzuma rikorwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso.

Muganga wawe azakeka ko ufite HHT niba ufite nibura bitatu muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kuva amaraso mu mazuru inshuro nyinshi.
• Kuba hari telangiectasias nyinshi mu bice by'uruhu aho akenshi hagaragara ibizinga (mu maso, ku minwa, ku ntoki).
• Kugira AVM cyangwa Telangiectasia mu rugingo ruri imbere mu mubiri (nk'ibihaha, ubwonko, umwijima).
• Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango wa hafi (mama, papa, umuvandimwe) ufite HHT.

Ibizamini byemeza indwara

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora ibizamini bimwe na bimwe, urugero:

• Gupima umwijima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound: Ibi bifasha kureba niba hari AVM mu mwijima.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan: Ni ingirakamaro cyane, cyane cyane mu gusuzuma AVM mu bwonko.
• Isuzuma rya CT (Computed Tomography): Rishobora kubona amashusho asobanutse neza y’ingingo z’imbere z’umubiri.
• Ikizamini cy'ibicurane (Echocardiogram): Iki ni ikizamini cyihariye. Gikoreshwa mu kumenya niba hari AVM mu bihaha.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura HHT?

Ikintu cya mbere ugomba kwibuka ni uko nta muti wa HHT uhari . Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwiza bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso, kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye, no kugufasha kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Mu gihe uvura ibimenyetso byawe ubu, muganga wawe azasuzuma kandi niba hari imiti ya AVM ihishe ishobora kuba itaragaragaza ibimenyetso.

Dore bumwe mu buryo bwo kuvura:

• Ku bantu bakunze kuva amaraso mu mazuru: Koresha amavuta yo kwisiga n'amavuta yo kwisiga kugira ngo amazuru akomeze kuba meza.
• Ku birebana n'amaraso make: Muhe ibinini bisimbura icyuma cyangwa, nibiba ngombwa, mutere amaraso.
• Kugira ngo hakomerwe kuva amaraso: Ubuvuzi bwa laser (`Ablation`) bwangiza imitsi mito y'amaraso iri kuva amaraso.
• Guhagarika amaraso: Ibi bikubiyemo kuziba imitsi y'amaraso iganisha kuri AVM ishobora kuva amaraso cyangwa guturika n'ikintu cyihariye.
• Kubagwa cyangwa kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imirasire: Ibi bikoreshwa mu gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya zimwe muri AVM.
• Guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe: Imiti nka asipirine igabanya kuvura amaraso ishobora gukenera guhagarikwa ku nama za muganga.

Ibintu ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe ubana na HHT

Umuntu urwaye HHT ashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa n'abaganga no kuvurwa ubuzima bwe bwose, ariko iyo avuwe neza, abarwayi ba HHT baba bafite igihe cyo kubaho gisanzwe.

Ni iki cyakorwa kugira ngo hirindwe kuva amaraso mu mazuru?

• Vugana na muganga wawe kandi wirinde imiti yongera amaraso (urugero: aspirine, NSAIDs).
• Buri gihe komeza ubushuhe bw'izuru ryawe. Gukoresha icyuma gifasha guhumeka mu rugo, gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe mu mazuru, no gusiga amavuta yandikiwe na muganga ni ingenzi cyane.
• Andika mu ikaye yawe niba hari ibyo kurya cyangwa ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso mu mazuru.

Niba waranduye HHT, ni ngombwa cyane kugira inama abandi bo mu muryango wawe nabo kwipimisha, kuko uko iyo ndwara igaragaye vuba, niko ingorane zikomeye zishobora kwirindwa.