Niba urwaye diyabete, ushobora kuba uzi ukuntu kwitera insuline inshuro nyinshi ku munsi bibabaza kandi rimwe na rimwe bikababaza. Ntibyoroshye kwitera insuline buri munsi mbere yo kurya, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no mu bindi bihe. Ariko, uzatungurwa no kumenya ko hari ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rishobora koroshya ubuzima bwawe nk'ubundi buryo bwo gutera inshinge. Iryo koranabuhanga ni ryo twita ipompo ya insuline. Uyu munsi, tuzavuga kuri ibi mu buryo burambuye kandi bworoshye cyane.
Pompe ya insuline ni iki?
Mu magambo make, pompe ya insuline ni igikoresho gito cyo kwa muganga wambara, ni ukuvuga ko gifatanye n'umubiri wawe. Gikora mu gutanga ingano ya insuline ukeneye munsi y'uruhu rwawe buri gihe. Iyi mashini ni igikoresho cya mudasobwa gisanzwe kingana n'agasanduku gato k'umutobe cyangwa agasanduku k'amakarita.
Ku bakeneye insuline kugira ngo bagenzure diyabete yabo, iyi ni amahitamo meza kuruta gutera insuline inshuro nyinshi ku munsi ukoresheje seringe cyangwa ikaramu (Multiple Daily Injection - MDI).
Ikoranabuhanga rya pompe ya insuline riri gutera imbere umunsi ku wundi. Ipompe nyinshi ziboneka muri iki gihe zikorana n'ikoranabuhanga ryitwa CGM (Gukurikirana Glucose ihoraho) , rihora ripima urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Ibi bivuze ko iyi pompe ishobora guhindura ingano ya insuline ukeneye bitewe n'urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Ntabwo ari ibintu bitangaje?
Ni gute iyi mashini nto ikora imbere mu mubiri?
Icyo iyi pompe ya insuline ikora ni ukwigana uburyo pancreas y'umuntu muzima ikora insuline mu buryo busanzwe. Ni ukuvuga ko itanga insuline mu buryo bwombi umubiri wacu ukeneye insuline.
1. Gutanga insuline mu rugero ruto (Basal insuline):
Iyi insuline y’ibanze tuyita. Umubiri wacu ukeneye ingano runaka ya insuline kugira ngo ugire imirimo y’ibanze, ndetse no mu gihe tutarya. Icyo iyi pompe ikora ni ugukomeza guha umubiri insuline mu rugero ruto cyane umunsi wose, amasaha 24 ku munsi. Ingano y’iyi insuline y’ibanze umubiri wacu ukeneye mu bihe bitandukanye by’umunsi iratandukanye. Urugero, mu gitondo, kubera ko imisemburo ya cortisol iri hejuru mu mubiri wacu, urugero rw’isukari mu maraso rushobora kwiyongera. Kubwibyo, ingano y’inyongera ya insuline y’ibanze ishobora gukenerwa mu gitondo. Hamwe na muganga wawe, mushobora guhindura iyi ngano y’ibanze kugira ngo ijyane n’imibereho yanyu. Akamaro k’iyi pompe nshya ni uko ishobora kongera cyangwa kugabanya iyi ngano y’ibanze mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku makuru yakiriwe na CGM.
2. Gutanga ingano ikenewe mu gihe urya no mu gihe isukari mu maraso yiyongera (Bolus Insulin):
Ibi tubyitaInsulin ya Bolus. Iyo turya ibiryo, cyane cyane ibiryo birimo isukari, urugero rw'isukari mu maraso ruzamuka mu buryo butunguranye iyo igogorwa igahinduka isukari. Muri icyo gihe, insuline nyinshi irakenewe kugira ngo isukari igenzurwe. Iyo winjiye ingano ya karubohidrati mu biryo urya n'urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe muri icyo gihe mu ipompo, ipompo irabara ikakubwira ingano ya insuline ya bolus ukeneye. Hanyuma ushobora kwemeza iyo ngano hanyuma ukayiha umubiri wawe ukoresheje akabuto gato.
Mu magambo make, amazi yo mu bwoko bwa base ni nk'amazi yoroheje adahindagurika inyuma. Amazi yo mu bwoko bwa Bolus ni nk'amazi menshi atangwa gusa iyo bikenewe.
Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ipompo za insuline?
Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa pompe za insuline. Izo ni pompe zifite umuyoboro (cannula) n'ipompe zidafite umuyoboro. Reka dusobanukirwe neza itandukaniro riri hagati y'izi zombi.
| Ikiranga | Pompe zifite imiyoboro | Pompe zidafite imiyoboro/Patch |
|---|---|---|
| Imiterere n'ibice byayo | Hari imashini ipompa n'umuyoboro muremure uhujwe na yo. Ku mpera y'umuyoboro hari 'infusion set' ihuzwa n'uruhu. | Nta muyoboro uhari. 'Pod' irimo insuline n'igice cyinjijwe mu ruhu byombi biri muri kimwe. Ibi bishobora gufatanywa ku ruhu nk'igishishwa. |
| Uburyo bwo kugenzura | Pompe igenzurwa n'ikirango n'utubuto turi kuri pompe ubwayo. Pompe ishobora gutwarwa mu mufuka cyangwa igashyirwa ku myenda. | Igenzurwa nta mugozi hakoreshejwe "controller" yihariye ikoreshwa mu ntoki. |
| Gusana | Ubusanzwe, karito ya insuline n'imashini ikoreshwa mu gutera umuti bihuza n'uruhu bigomba gusimburwa buri minsi 2-3. | Buri minsi 2-3, ugomba gukuraho agace kose hanyuma ugashyiraho akandi gashya. |
| Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi | Zimwe ntizishobora gutwarwa n'amazi, ariko akenshi, ushobora gukuraho pompe mu muyoboro w'amazi mu gihe woga cyangwa woga. Ushobora kongera kuyisubizamo nyuma. | Ibi ntibishobora kuvoma amazi, bityo ushobora koga cyangwa koga wambaye. |
Igice gihuza n'uruhu (Infusion Set / Cannula)
Ubwo bwoko bwombi bukoresha umuyoboro muto wa pulasitiki woroshye witwa cannula kugira ngo utange insuline munsi y'uruhu. Iyi mashini ishyirwa mu ruhu hifashishijwe urushinge ruto. Nyuma yo kuyishyiramo urushinge, urushinge rurakurwaho, hagasigaramo gusa cannula yoroshye ya pulasitiki munsi y'uruhu. Niyo mpamvu idatera ububabare cyane. Ishobora gushyirwa ahantu nko mu nda, mu kuboko ko hejuru, mu matako no mu bibero.
Ni nde iyi pompe ikwiriye cyane?
Umuntu wese urwaye diyabete ukeneye insuline, harimo abana bato n'abantu bakuru barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, hamwe n'abantu bamwe na bamwe barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, bashobora gukoresha iyi pompe.
Pompe ya insuline ishobora kugufasha cyane mu bihe bikurikira:
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ndetse no nyuma yo kuyitera inshuro nyinshi ku munsi.
- Niba ushaka kugenzura ingano ya insuline yawe neza kandi mu buryo bworoshye .
- Niba amasaha yawe y'akazi n'amasaha yo kurya bihinduka kenshi .
- Niba ingano ya insuline ukeneye ari nto cyane (ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane ku bana bato).
- Niba ufite ikibazo kigabanya umuvuduko w'igogora, urugero nka gastroparesis .
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyitwa Dawn Phenomenon, aho isukari mu maraso yiyongera mu gitondo.
- Niba witegura gutwita .
Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi bya pompe ya insuline?
Kimwe n'ibindi byose, pompe ya insuline ifite ibyiza n'ibibi. Ni ngombwa kubimenya byombi mbere yo gufata icyemezo.
| Ibyiza | Ingaruka mbi n'ibyago |
|---|---|
| Kugenzura neza: Ingano y'isukari mu maraso irashobora kugenzurwa neza cyane. Insulini irashobora guhindurwa kugira ngo ihuze n'ibiribwa bitandukanye n'imyitozo ngororamubiri. | Guhagarika gutanga insuline: Gutanga insuline mu mubiri bishobora guhagarara bitewe n'ibintu nko gucika intege, kuziba cyangwa gukuraho cannula. |
| Gutera inshinge nke: Aho gutera inshinge inshuro nyinshi ku munsi, ushobora guhindura gusa kanula buri minsi 2-3. | Ingaruka za DKA: Iyo insuline ihagaritswe mu masaha menshi, isukari mu maraso ishobora kwiyongera cyane (hyperglycemia), bigatera indwara yitwa Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) , ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. |
| Ubuzima bwarushijeho kuba bwiza: Abantu benshi bavuga ko ubuzima bwabo bwarushijeho koroha kandi bumva bafite umudendezo nyuma yo gukoresha pompe. | Ihenze: Pompe n'ibice byayo bikenewe bishobora kuba bihenze kurusha uburyo busanzwe bwo guteramo inshinge. |
| Isesengura ry'amakuru: Mu kohereza amakuru uhereye kuri pompe kuri mudasobwa, wowe na muganga wawe mushobora gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y'isukari mu maraso yawe. | Ihora ikora: Kubera ko iki gikoresho gikwiye kuba kiri ku mubiri igihe cyose, gishobora kugorana kuri bamwe. |
| Isano na CGM: Ihujwe na CGM ipima buri gihe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso, ishobora kugenzura insuline mu buryo bwikora. | Allergie y'uruhu:Hari abantu bashobora kugira ubwivumbure ku gishishwa gifata ipompo cyangwa infusion ishyirwa ku ruhu. |
Icy'ingenzi cyane: Niba ukoresha ipompo ya insuline, ni ngombwa guhora ufite gahunda yo kuyikurikirana mu gihe cy'impanuka . Bika ikaramu ya insuline cyangwa seringe hafi yawe mu gihe ipompo yahagaze gukora cyangwa itangwa rya insuline rihagaze. Menya neza ko waganiriye na muganga wawe kuri ibi.
Nigute nahitamo pompe imbonankubone?
Iki ni icyemezo gikomeye. Rero ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwawe no kuganira na muganga wawe mbere yo gufata icyemezo. Mbere yo guhitamo pompe, ushobora kwibaza ibi bibazo.
- Ese nkeneye ifite umuyoboro cyangwa idafite? Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi bya byombi?
- Ingano, uburemere, n'isura bya pompe ni ibihe? Ese nzashobora kuyibana neza?
- Ibi bigura angahe? Ese ubwishingizi bwanjye buzabishyura?
- Ukwigisha ute uburyo bwo kubikoresha? Ese ubona amahugurwa meza?
- Ese ibi bikorana n'ikoranabuhanga rya CGM?
- Ese pompe irinda amazi?
- Ni izihe mpumuro ziri kuri ibi? Ese zumvikana cyangwa zirahindagurika?
- Ese nshobora kubona ecran neza? Ese biroroshye kuyikoresha?
- Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bishobora guhuzwa? (urugero: porogaramu ya telefoni)
Vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi byose weruye. Azagufasha guhitamo ipompo ijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe n'imibereho yawe.
Mu gusoza, pompe ya insuline ni ikoranabuhanga ryiza cyane ritanga uburyo bworoshye n'ubwisanzure ku bantu benshi barwaye diyabete. Ariko ntikwiriye buri wese. Kandi si ihoraho. Iyo ubonye pompe ukabona ko igoye, ushobora gusubira mu inshinge. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenyeshwa uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye kandi ugafata icyemezo cyiza ushingiye ku nama za muganga.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Pompe ya insuline ni uburyo bworoshye kandi bugezweho bwo kwitera inshinge inshuro nyinshi ku munsi.
- Ibi bikora nk'uko pancreas y'umubiri wawe ikora, bitanga ingano ikwiye ya insuline igihe uyikeneye (nk'iy'ibanze na bolus).
- Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi, imashini zikoresha imiyoboro n'izidafite imiyoboro (patch pumps). Ushobora guhitamo bumwe bitewe n'uburyo bworoshye.
- Nubwo gukoresha pompe bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura neza urugero rw'isukari mu maraso, hari ibyago byo kubura insuline.
- Kubwibyo, buri gihe shyira ikaramu cyangwa seringe ya insuline hafi yawe mu gihe cyihutirwa.
- Mbere yo guhitamo pompe ikubereye, ganira witonze ku byiza byayo, ingaruka zayo, ikiguzi cyayo, ndetse no koroherwa no kuyikoresha na muganga wawe.
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