Reka twige gusa ibyerekeye Endarterectomy, uburyo bwo kubaga bukuraho 'ibinure' mu mitsi y'amaraso.

Ugomba kuba warabonye ko uko imiyoboro y'amazi mu ngo zacu ishaje, ihita ifungana n'umwanda n'ingese. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mibiri yacu, imiyoboro itwara amaraso, ishobora gufungana n'ibintu bitandukanye uko igihe kigenda gihita. Iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso uzibye, amaraso atembera nabi. Muri ibyo bihe, uburyo bwo gukuramo ibintu byazibye binyuze mu kubaga no gusukura umuyoboro w'amaraso bwitwa gusa ``Endarterectomy```.

Endarterectomy ni iki? Ni iki mu by'ukuri kibaho?

Muri make, endaterectomy ni uburyo bwo kubaga kugira ngo imitsi ifunganye cyangwa ifunganye ifunguke. Plaque ni urwego rukomeye kandi rufata rw'ibinure na calcium byiyongera mu mitsi yacu. Ni nk'ingese zikora ku muyoboro w'amazi. Muri ubu buryo bwo kubaga, abaganga bafungura imitsi y'amaraso bagakuraho plaque yikubise imbere.

Iyo plaque ikuwe muri ubu buryo, umwanya uri mu mitsi y'amaraso uriyongera. Ibi bituma amaraso yongera gutembera neza. Ibi bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso n'indwara zikomeye nka stroke .

Ubu buryo bwo kubaga bukunze gukorwa iyo indwara yitwa atherosclerosis, ari na yo plaque yibumbiye mu miyoboro y'amaraso, ibaye ikomeye cyane cyane ku bantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso.

Indwara z'ingenzi zivurwa n'ubu buvuzi ni izi:

• Indwara y'imitsi yo mu mpande (PAD): Ibi bibaho igihe imitsi itera amaraso mu mitsi ijyana amaraso ku maguru cyangwa ku maboko, ikayifunga. Ibi bishobora gutera ububabare mu maguru yawe iyo ugenda, ibikomere ntibikire, kandi mu bihe bibi cyane, urupfu rw'imitsi (gangrene).
• Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid: Iyi ni ukwiyongera kwa plaque mu mitsi ibiri y'ingenzi iri mu ijosi ryacu ijyana amaraso mu bwonko. Iyo iyi mitsi igabanutse, amaraso ashobora guhagarara, bigatera indwara yo gucika intege mu bwonko, indwara y'imitsi iterwa n'indwara y'umutima (TIA), cyangwa gutakaza umwanya wo kureba.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibagwa rya endarterectomy?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubu buvuzi bitewe n'aho bukorerwa. Kugira ngo byoroshye kubusobanukirwa, reka tubirebe muri ubu buryo.

Witegura ute mbere yo kubagwa?

Mbere yuko ukorerwa ubu buvuzi, muganga azakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo amenye neza ingano n'aho imitsi y'amaraso ifunganye.

• Doppler ultrasound: Isuzuma rikoresha imiraba y'urusaku kugira ngo harebwe niba amaraso atembera neza kandi hari aho afunganye.
• Angiografiya ya CT: Ikoresha imirasire ya X yihariye n'irangi ritandukanye kugira ngo ikore amashusho y'imitsi y'amaraso mu buryo bwa 3D.
• Angiografiya: Irangi rishyirwa mu mitsi y'amaraso, hanyuma imirasire ya X-ray ikoreshwa mu gufata amafoto y'imitsi y'amaraso.
• MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA):Amashusho arambuye y'imitsi y'amaraso aboneka hakoreshejwe magneti n'imiraba ya radiyo.

Nyuma y'ibi bizamini, muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza y'uburyo bwo kwitegura kubagwa. Ushobora gusabwa guhagarika by'agateganyo gufata imiti imwe n'imwe, nko kugabanya amaraso. Ushobora kandi gusabwa gutangira gufata imiti imwe n'imwe, nka aspirine. Ugomba gukora ibi byose nk'uko muganga wawe abikubwiye.

Uzakenera kandi kwiyiriza ubusa (nturye cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose) amasaha make mbere yo kubagwa. Itsinda rishinzwe imiti igabanya ububabare rizaguha amabwiriza yihariye kuri ibi.

Kubagwa bikorwa gute?

Uzahabwa ikinya kugira ngo wirinde kumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Abantu benshi bahabwa ikinya rusange. Ibi bivuze ko uzaba usinziriye mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane mu kubagwa nko kubagwa kwa carotid endarterectomy, ushobora kuguma uri maso kandi agace kavugwamo gusa ni ko kazaba gafite ikinya (local anesthesia) kugira ngo byorohe kubona imikorere y'ubwonko.

Dore isesengura ry'intambwe ku yindi ry'ibiba mu gihe cyo kubagwa:

1. Gukata uruhu: Gukata gato ku ruhu hejuru y'imitsi yazibye.

2. Gukuraho plaque: Umutsi urafungurwa hanyuma urwego rwa plaque rwinjijwemo rugakurwaho witonze.

3. Gufunga umutsi: Hanyuma umutsi uradodwa. Hari igihe hadodwa agace gato kugira ngo umutsi udakomeza kugabanuka. Aka gace gashobora gukorwa mu buryo bw'ubukorano cyangwa se kakaba agace k'urugingo kavanywe mu wundi mutsi uri mu mubiri wawe.

4. Gufunga uruhu: Amaherezo, aho uruhu rucibwa hafungwa hakoreshejwe imidozi.

Gucibwa kwa Carotid Endarterectomy ubusanzwe bifata isaha imwe cyangwa abiri. Igihe cyo kubagwa ubundi bwoko bw'ubuvuzi gishobora gutandukana.

Ni izihe nyungu n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kubagwa?

Ibyiza by'ingenzi:

• Ifunga rivanwaho maze umuyoboro w'amaraso ugasubira ku murongo uko bisanzwe.
• Uko amaraso agenda asubira ku murongo, ibintu nk'ububabare bw'amaguru n'ibikomere bidakira bitangira gukira.
• Ingaruka zo kurwara indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi ziragabanuka cyane.
• Kenshi na kenshi, ibisubizo byo kubagwa bimara imyaka myinshi.

Ingaruka zishobora kubaho:

Nkuko bigenda mu kubagwa kose, hari ingaruka ntoya zishobora kubaho.

• Kuva amaraso
• Ingorane z'umutima nk'indwara z'umutima
• Indwara zandura
• Kwangirika kw'imitsi (akenshi by'igihe gito)
• Kongera kugabanya umutsi nyuma yo kubagwa
• Ubumuga

Ariko ku bantu benshi, ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye ni bike cyane.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire nyuma yo kubagwa?

Igihe uzamara mu bitaro nyuma yo kubagwa kizatandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi wakorewe.

Umaze gutaha, ni ngombwa cyane kuruhuka no gufata imiti yawe nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse. Uzasabwa kuza kwa muganga kugira ngo ukurikirane mu byumweru bigera kuri 4. Hanyuma icyuho kizasuzumwa. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira ku kazi nyuma y'uru rugendo rw'ivuriro.

Ariko niba uri umuntu uterura ibintu biremereye, uzakenera kuruhuka ukwezi kumwe cyangwa abiri kugeza ukize neza. Cyane cyane niba warabazwe mu nda, si byiza guterura ibiro birenga 5 mu gihe cy'amezi abiri.

Ni ryari ugomba guhita uhamagara muganga?

Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira nyuma yo kubagwa, menyesha muganga wawe ako kanya cyangwa ujye mu bitaro bikuru by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ETU) biri hafi yawe.

• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Guhumeka bigoranye
• Niba wumva ufite umuriro cyangwa ufite ibicurane
• Iyo hari ukubyimba, gutukura, cyangwa amazi asa n'ibibyimba asohoka aho hakorewe icyiciro
• Niba wumva ufite intege nke cyangwa igisebe mu mubiri wawe
• Niba uhura n'impinduka mu kureba, kuvuga nabi, cyangwa kwiheba ku ruhande rumwe rw'isura yawe
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka