Ndiani baba chaivo vemwana wako? Zvese nezve DNA Paternity Test!

Wakambozvibvunza here kana paine nzira yekuziva zvechokwadi kuti ndiani baba chaivo vemwana? Dzimwe nguva mibvunzo yakadaro inogona kumuka mumhuri, munyaya dzemutemo, kana kunyangwe pakufunga nezvehutano hwemwana mune ramangwana. Ndipo panonyanya kukosha bvunzo yeDNA paternity. Nhasi, tichataura nezve iyi bvunzo yeDNA paternity, inoita sei, kuti inoitwa sei, uye zvakanakira nezvakaipa.

Chii chinonzi DNA Paternity Test? Ngatizvinzwisise zviri nyore!

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, bvunzo yeDNA paternity inzira yesainzi inoshandiswa kuona kuti baba vemwana ndiani. Inoshandisa chimwe chinhu chinonzi DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) . Funga nezvayo sebhuku diki remirairo riri mukati memasero emuviri wedu. Ruvara rwebvudzi rako, ruvara rwemaziso, uye kukwirira zvese zvinotsanangurwa neDNA iyi.

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti, tinowana DNA iyi kubva kuna amai nababa vedu. Kutaura chokwadi , hafu yeDNA yaamai nehafu yeDNA yababa zvinobatana kuti zvigadzire DNA yemwana. Izwi rekuti "baba" rinoreva baba. Saka bvunzo iyi inoitwa nekuenzanisa zvikamu zveDNA yemwana neDNA yemunhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye baba.

Sei tichida rudzi urwu rwebvunzo? Pane zvikonzero zvakati wandei!

Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuongororwa kweDNA kuti ndiani baba. Zvimwe zviri pamutemo, zvimwe ndezvemunhu oga. Ona kana zvikonzero izvi zvichishanda kwauri:

• Kodzero dzepamutemo: Kugadza mubereki wemwana kunogona kudiwa kuti uwane zvinhu zvakaita semari yekuchengeta mwana , kuchengetwa kwemwana , mari yeSocial Security, uye nhaka .
• Zvikonzero zvehutano: Zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini zvinogarwa nhaka. Semuenzaniso, zvirwere zvakaita se `(Cystic Fibrosis)`, `(Down Syndrome)`, kana mamwe marudzi ekenza. Kana uchiziva kuti baba vemwana ndiani, unogona kuziva pachine nguva kana paine njodzi yekubatwa nezvirwere zvakadaro. Ipapo zvinova nyore kutarisira hutano hwemwana kwenguva refu.
• Nhoroondo Yemhuri: Vamwe vana vanofarira zvikuru kudzidza nezvenhoroondo yemhuri yavo nemadzitateguru avo. Bvunzo iyi inogona kubatsirawo nazvo.

Kuongororwa kweDNA uku kunoitwa riini?

Kune nzira mbiri dzekutora bvunzo yeDNA paternity test:

1. Kuzvara mwana asati azvarwa (panguva yekuzvitakura): Ehe, ungashamisika! Kuongororwa uku kunogona kuitwa mwana asati azvarwa, kureva kuti, amai vachiri nepamuviri. Kune nzira dzinogona kuitwa mavhiki masere ekuzvitakura .

2. Mushure mekusununguka (mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana): Bvunzo iyi inogona kuitwa chero nguva mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana.

Bvunzo iyi inoshanda sei? Zvinonakidza kwazvo!

Muongororo yeDNA yekubereka, mienzaniso inowanzotorwa kubva ku:

• Amai vemwana
• Munhu anofunga kuti anogona kuva baba
• Dzimwe nguva, mwana ari mudumbu kana mwana asati aberekwa

Muenzaniso unonyanya kushandiswa iswab yematama. Uyu swab diki inokweshwa zvinyoro nyoro kubva mukati memuromo padivi pedama. Dzimwe nguva, ropa rinogonawo kutorwa.

Muenzaniso wacho unozotumirwa kurabhoritari. Nyanzvi dziri ikoko dzinoongorora DNA uye dzinotsvaga zviratidzo zvemajini . Zviratidzo zvemajini zvinhu zvakakosha muDNA. Vanotsvaga kuti vaone kuti zviratidzo zvemajini izvi zviri muDNA yemwana (kana yemwana ari mudumbu) zvinoenderana sei nezviratidzo zvemajini zvaamai nababa vanofungidzirwa.

Chii chaunofanira kutarisira usati waongororwa DNA paternity test?

Kana uri kugadzirira kuongororwa kweDNA, pane zvinhu zvishoma zvekufunga nezvazvo.

• Kana ukapukuta dama:
• Usakwesha mazino ako kweinenge awa imwe usati watora sampuro.
• Usashandise mushonga wekugezesa muromo.
• Kana wakapfeka mushonga wemazino, ubvise.
• Usaite zvinhu zvakaita sekusvuta kana kutsenga chingamu.

Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwesampuro yedama rako.

• Kana ukapa ropa:
• Inwa mvura yakawanda semvura.
• Idya chikafu chinovaka muviri.
• Chengeta maoko ako akanyoroveswa.
• Chiremba anogona kukuudza kuti uite maekisesaizi akareruka kuti uwedzere BP yako zvishoma.

Kana uri amai vane pamuviri, ungangoda kuongororwa ne ultrasound usati watanga DNA test kuti uzive kuti mwana ane makore mangani (zera repamuviri).

Ndedzipi mhando dzemiedzo yeDNA paternity dziripo?

Iye zvino ngationei kuti ndedzipi nzira huru dzekuita bvunzo idzi.

Kuongororwa Kwevabereki Vasati Vaberekwa (NIPP Bvunzo)

Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa, yakachengeteka, uye yakarurama panguva yekuzvitakura. Kuongororwa kweNIPP kunoongorora DNA yemwana muropa raamai. Hazvishamisi here? Ehe, kune huwandu hushoma hweDNA yemwana muropa raamai. Sample yeropa iyi inotorwa mushure memavhiki masere ekuzvitakura, uye DNA yemwana muropa inoenzaniswa murabhoritari neDNA kubva padama rababa vanonzi ndivo baba.

• Kururama: Izvi ndezvechokwadi ne99.9%.
• Kuchengetedzwa: Kwakachengeteka zvikuru.
• Njodzi: Panogona kuva nekurwadziwa, kubuda ropa, mavanga, kufenda, kana kuti hutachiona husingawanzoitiki kana ropa ratorwa.

Amniocentesis

Iyi bvunzo inoitirwawo panguva yekuzvitakura. Zvisinei, inzira inopinzwa zvishoma. Inowanzoitwa mumwedzi mitatu yechipiri kana yechitatu yekuzvitakura (pakati pemavhiki gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri).

Chiremba anoisa tsono diki mudumbu mako otora sampuli diki yemvura yeamniotic yakakomberedza mwana wako. Muenzaniso wacho unozoenzaniswa neDNA kubva padama remunhu wavanofunga kuti ndiye baba.

• Njodzi: Njodzi dze amniocentesis dzakaderera zvikuru. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva, kubvisa pamuviri kana kusununguka nguva isati yakwana zvinogona kuitika.

Kuongororwa kweChorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

CVS yakafanana neamniocentesis. Inowanzoitwa pakati pemavhiki gumi kusvika gumi nematatu mushure memwedzi wako wekupedzisira.

Chiremba anoshandisa tsono diki kutora sampuli diki yemasero (chorionic villi cells) kubva muplacenta . Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nemuromo wechibereko kana kuburikidza nedumbu. Zvadaro, murabhoritari, muenzaniso uyu unoenzaniswa neDNA kubva padama remunhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye baba.

• Njodzi: Njodzi dzacho dzakaderera, asi mune dzimwe nguva, kubvisa pamuviri kana kutapukirwa nehutachiona zvinogona kuitika.

Machira eDama

Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa mushure mekunge mwana azvarwa. Munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye baba nemwana vanotora sampuro dze "buccal cells" kubva mukati mematama avo. Ma "cotton swab" aya anotumirwa ku "lab" yakatarwa kuti aongororwe. Kana sampuro idzi dzikatorwa kunzvimbo yekurapa, vanodzitumira ku "lab".

Ndeipi njodzi dzekuongororwa kweDNA paternity?

Izvi zvinoenderana chaizvo nebvunzo yaunosarudza. Semuenzaniso, njodzi ye `(NIPP)` yakaderera zvikuru. `(Amniocentesis)` uye `(CVS)` zvine njodzi diki, asi hazviwanzoitikiwo. Chiremba achakutsanangurira njodzi idzi dzese zvakajeka uye achapindura mibvunzo yako yese. Saka hapana chekutya.

Miedzo iyi inotora nguva yakareba sei?

• Kutora swab yedama kunotora nguva isingasviki miniti.
• Zvinotora maminetsi mashoma kuti ropa riongororwe (kutorwa kweropa) .
• Kuongororwa kwe amniocentesis kunotora maminetsi angangoita gumi.
• Bvunzo yeCVS inotorawo maminetsi angangoita gumi.

Maona? Kuedzwa hakutore nguva yakareba kudaro.

Ndingakwanisa here kuongorora DNA paternity test kumba?

Ehe, ikozvino kune makiti ekuongorora DNA paternity test ari kumba. Unogona kutenga rimwe remakiti aya. Kazhinji rinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Zviputi zvemadama
• Machubhu madiki (machubhu ekuunganidza) kana mahamvuropu ekuchengetera sampuli.
• Hamvuropu yekutumira tsamba kumurabhoritari

Baba vanonzi ndivo baba nemwana vanofanira kutora DNA samples kubva mukati mematama avo vachishandisa donje buds idzi. Zvadaro, sampuro dzinofanira kuiswa mumachubhu kana maenvelopu, dzovharwa, dzotumirwa kurabhoritari. Mhedzisiro yacho inowanzotora vhiki imwe kana maviri.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira nezvakaipa zvekuongorora DNA kumba?

Paunenge uchifunga nezvebvunzo repamba, zvakakosha kuziva zvinhu izvi:

Zvakanakira:

• Yakachipa pane bvunzo panzvimbo yekurapa.
• Unogona kuzviita zviri nyore uri kumba.

Zvakashata:

• Mhedzisiro yebvunzo yekumba ingasave yakarurama semhedzisiro yebvunzo yekurabhoritari.
• Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kumba isagamuchirwe seumboo mudare.
• Pakusarudza kit yekuyedza, tsvaga imwe inoongorora huwandu hwakawanda hwezviratidzo zvemajini . Kazhinji kacho 16, asi mamwe makit ekumba anoongorora zvakawanda. Kana zviratidzo zvemajini zvakawanda, ndipo panobva paita mhedzisiro chaiyo.
• Iva nechokwadi chekuti kit yaunotenga inosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuyedzwa uye kururama. Semuenzaniso, tarisa kuti uone kana yakatenderwa nesangano rine mukurumbira seAmerican Association of Blood Banks (AABB) .

Yeukai, nekuda kwemutemo, munofanira kuongororwa kuburikidza nechipatara uye kubva murabhoritari inozivikanwa.

Zvakaita sei? Zvinotiudza kuti chii?

Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweDNA paternity inowanzo kupihwa se "mukana wekuti baba." Izvi zvinogona kuva chimwe chezvinhu zviviri: 0% kana 99.9% .

• Kana mhedzisiro yacho iri 0% , zvinoreva kuti hapana kufanana kwemajini pakati pebaba vanonzi ndivo baba nemwana (kana mwana ari mudumbu). Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, haasi iye baba vemwana chaiye.
• Kana mhedzisiro yacho iri 99.9% (kana kupfuura), zvinoreva kuti munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ndiye baba ndiye angangove mubereki wemwana chaiye (kana kuti mwana asati aberekwa).

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweDNA paternity?

Izvi zvinogona kusiyana kubva murabhoritari kuenda kune imwe uye zvinoenderanawo nenzira yekuyedza yaunosarudza.

• Mhedzisiro inogona kuwanikwa mukati memazuva mashoma.
• Zvisinei, zvinogona kutora mavhiki akati wandei kuti mhedzisiro yebvunzo yakaita seCVS kana Amniocentesis isvike.
• Mamwe masangano anopawo mhedzisiro yezuva rimwe chete kana yezuva rimwe chete nemari yekuwedzera.
• Mhedzisiro inobva pakuongororwa kumba inowanzo kuwanikwa mukati mevhiki imwe kana maviri mushure mekunge sampuro yagamuchirwa murabhoritari.

Kuongororwa kweDNA kunoratidza here kuti madzitateguru ndeababa?

Kwete. Kuongororwa kweDNA yemadzitateguru kunogona kukubatsira kuziva kuti madzitateguru ako ndivanaani, hama dzako ndivanaani, nezvimwewo. Dzimwe nguva kunogona kuona vanhu vane DNA yakafanana. Zvisinei, bvunzo yeDNA yebaba chete ndiyo inogona kuratidza kuti DNA yakafanana pakati pemwana nababa.

Zvinodhura marii kuongororwa kweDNA kuti uone kuti baba ndiani?

Izvi zvinosiyanawo zvichienderana nerudzi rweDNA paternity test yaunosarudza.

• Kuongororwa kumba kunogona kudhura kubva pamadhora gumi nemashanu kusvika mazana maviri emadhora (anenge maRs. 4500 - 60,000 nemari yekuSri Lanka). Pamusoro pezvo, mari yekurabhoritari uye yekutumira zvinowedzerwa. Mari yekurabhoritari inowanzo pfuura madhora zana (anenge maRs. 30,000).
• Kuongororwa kweDNA paternity test panzvimbo yekurapa kunodhura mari yakawanda, kusvika pamadhora mazana mashanu ($500) (anenge maRs. 150,000).
• Inishuwarenzi yehutano haiwanzobhadhara mari yekuongororwa uku.

Sezvo mari idzi dzichigona kusiyana kubva kunyika kuenda kunyika, zvakanaka kubvunza sangano rinoenderana nemari chaiyo usati wanyora bvunzo.

Kuongororwa kweDNA paternity kunogona kuitwa here pasina baba?

Nzira chaiyo yekuita bvunzo yeDNA yekubereka ndeyekutora sampuro yeDNA kubva kumunhu waunofunga kuti ndiye baba.

Asi, ngatitii munhu iyeye afa. Kana zvakadaro, unogona kuona kana muenzaniso wemuviri wake ungawanikwa kunzvimbo yekurapa, kuhofisi yemuongorori wezvirwere, kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana.

Kana, kana munhu wacho asipo kana kuti asingabatanidzwe, zvinokwanisika kutora sampuro kubva kuhama dzake dzepedyo dzeropa, dzakadai sevabereki vake chaivo, vanasekuru nasekuru, vanatete, vanasekuru, nevanun'una, uye kuvaedza. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti hama dzepedyo dzeropa dzine mwero wakafanana muDNA. Zvisinei, kururama kwemhedzisiro kunogona kudzikira zvishoma munyaya iyi.

Pane mitemo yakakosha here yebvunzo idzi mune dzimwe nyika/matunhu?

Ehe, ipfungwa inokosha. Semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nyika, seNew York muUS, hazvibvumirwe nemutemo kuita bvunzo dzeDNA dzehubaba kumba. Unofanira kuenda kunzvimbo inotenderwa nehurumende kuti uitwe bvunzo. Saka, kuchenjera kuziva mitemo iri mudunhu rako kana dunhu rako maererano neizvi.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Kuongororwa kweDNA paternity inzira inokosha yekusimbisa kuti baba vemwana ndiani. Izvi hazvingobatsiri pamutemo chete, asi zvinobatsirawo kudzidzisa nezvehutano hwemwana .

• Kuongororwa kumba kuri nyore uye kwakachipa, asi mhedzisiro yacho haigamuchirwi mudare uye inogona kunge isina kururama. Zvisinei, inogona kubatsira pakubvisa kusava nechokwadi kwemunhu.
• Kana uchida mhinduro yakarurama zviri pamutemo kana kuti mhinduro chaiyo, iva nechokwadi chekuti waita bvunzo kuburikidza nechipatara uye kubva murabhoritari inozivikanwa.
• Kana muine mimwe mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsai, musazeza kutaura nachiremba wenyu. Iye anogona kutsanangura zvese, kusanganisira nzira yekuyedza yakakunakirai uye zvamungatarisira.

Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira!

'Kuongororwa kweDNA, bvunzo yekuva baba, kuti baba ndiani, bvunzo yemajini, baba vemwana, pamutemo wekuva baba, bvunzo yekusununguka