Izwi rekuti 'cholesterol' rinozivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji munyika medu ikozvino, handiti? Tinowanzonzwa zvinhu zvakaita sekuti 'Ndine cholesterol yakakwira', 'Usadye chikafu chine mafuta kana kuti uchava necholesterol'. Asi cholesterol iyi chii chaizvo? Nei ine njodzi? Vanhu vazhinji havazivi nezvayo. Chinhu chine njodzi ndechekuti miviri yedu hairatidzi zviratidzo kunyangwe cholesterol yedu yakakwira. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuti tizive zvizere nezvemuvengi uyu akanyarara.
Kolesteroli chii chaizvo?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, cholesterol rudzi rwemafuta anowanikwa muropa redu. Anodiwa kuvaka masero, kuchengetedza tsinga, uye kugadzira mahormone. Asi dambudziko rinotanga kana tiine mafuta akawandisa.
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzecholesterol:
1. Cholesterol yeLDL (Low-density lipoprotein): Iyi ndiyo yatinoti cholesterol "yakaipa" . Kufanana netsvina inonamira mupombi yemvura, iyi cholesterol yeLDL inoungana pamadziro etsinga dzedu dzeropa, ichidzitetepa uye ichidzivhara.
2. Cholesterol yeHDL (High-density lipoprotein): Tinoidaidza kuti "yakanaka" . Inoshanda nekubvisa cholesterol yeLDL yakaipa kubva mutsinga dzeropa nekuichenesa. Yakaita semuchina wekuchenesa.
Pamusoro peizvi zviviri, kune rumwe rudzi rwemafuta muropa redu anonzi triglycerides . Kufanana neLDL, kana aya akakwira, anowedzera njodzi yezvirwere zvemwoyo.
Kazhinji, chiropa chedu chinoburitsa cholesterol yatinoda. Asi tinowanawo cholesterol yakawedzerwa kubva muzvikafu zvatinodya, kunyanya zvekudya zvakagadzirwa (semuenzaniso, madonati, pizza yakakangwa nechando, mabhisikiti, mapati, maroro) uye zvekudya zvemhuka (mukaka, mazai, nyama). Nekufamba kwenguva, cholesterol iyi yakawedzerwa inogona kutanga kukuvadza miviri yedu isu tisingatombozvizivi.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve cholesterol yakakwira?
Ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Kunyangwe cholesterol yako yakakwira, ungasaratidza zviratidzo. Ungave uine cholesterol yakakwira zvakanyanya mumuviri wako usingatombozvizivi.
Saka, nzira chete yekuziva kuti cholesterol yako yakadii ndeyekuongororwa ropa.
Kuziva tsika idzi kunogona kukubatsira kuderedza njodzi yako yechirwere chemwoyo. Kana uchitova nechirwere chemwoyo, kuderedza cholesterol yako kunogona kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yako yekurohwa nemwoyo kana kufa kwakabatana.
Nzira yekuziva sei huwandu hwecholesterol mumuviri?
Kana uine makore anopfuura makumi maviri ekuberekwa, vanachiremba vanokurudzira kuti uongororwe huwandu hwecholesterol yako kanenge makore mashanu ega ega . Izvi zvinoitwa nekuongorora ropa kunonzi lipid profile . Kuongororwa uku kunoratidza zvinotevera nezve:
- Huwandu hwecholesterol yose
- LDL (yakaipa) cholesterol
- HDL (yakanaka) cholesterol
- Mazinga eTriglyceride
Zvakakosha kuti vana vaongororwe cholesterol yavo kunyangwe. Zvinowanzo kurudzirwa kuti vana vaongororwe cholesterol yavo kamwe chete kana vari pakati pemakore mapfumbamwe negumi nerimwe. Zvisinei, kana uine chimwe chezvinhu zvinotevera zvinokonzera njodzi, zvakakosha kuti uongororwe nekukurumidza (pakati pemakore maviri negumi).
| Zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinoda kuongororwa kwecholesterol muvana vasati vasvika nguva yekuzvitakura | |
|---|---|
| Nhoroondo yemhuri | Kana amai kana ambuya vakabatwa nechirwere chemwoyo, sitiroko, kana kuti mitsipa yeropa yakavharika vasati vasvitsa makore 65. Kana baba kana sekuru vakambova nechirwere chakadaro vasati vasvitsa makore 55. Kana mubereki kana sekuru nasekuru vaine cholesterol inodarika 240 mg/dL. |
| Zvimwe zvirwere | Kuva nezvimwe zvirwere zvine chekuita nechirwere chemwoyo, zvakaita seBP, chirwere cheshuga, uye kufuta. |
Mafuta ako echolesterol achakubatsira iwe nachiremba wako kusarudza kuti njodzi yako yekubatwa nechirwere chemwoyo ndeyei, uye kuti ndedzipi nzira dzakanakisisa dzekudzikisa. Semuenzaniso, kana huwandu hweLDL hwemunhu mukuru huri 190 mg/dL kana kupfuura, hunoonekwa sehwakakwira zvikuru. Chiremba wako achataura newe nezvekutanga kushandisa mishonga yekudzikisa. Saizvozvowo, kana huwandu hwako hweHDL (hwakanaka) huri 60 mg/dL kana kupfuura, njodzi yako yekubatwa nechirwere chemwoyo inodzikira.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zve cholesterol yakakwira?
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kana kuderera kwehuwandu hwecholesterol mumuviri.
Kudya
- Mafuta akaguta uye makabhohaidhiretsi ari nyore: Kuderedza zvekudya zvine izvi zvakawanda kunogona kubatsira kuderedza huwandu hwecholesterol muropa.
- Mafuta eTrans: Dzivisa mafuta eTrans ekugadzira. Aya anowedzera cholesterol. Tarisa mazita ezvikafu zvakabikwa, zvekudya zvidiki, pizza yakachengetwa mufiriji, margarine, nezvimwewo. Kana zvakanyorwa kuti "Yakasanganiswa zvishoma," zvinoreva kuti ine mafuta eTrans.
- Mafuta akanaka (Mafuta asina mafuta): Aya mafuta haakwidzire cholesterol. Mafuta aya akanaka anowanikwa muzvinhu zvakaita senzungu, hove, mafuta emuriwo, mafuta emuorivhi, uye maavocado.
- Shuga: Kudya uye kunwa shuga yakawandisa kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwe triglycerides mumuviri wako.
- Fiber: Zvikafu zvine fiber yakawanda zvinobatsira kuderedza cholesterol. Fiber inowanikwa munyemba, miriwo, michero, nzungu, uye zviyo zvese.
Mararamiro nezvimwe zvinhu
- Kurema kwakanyanya: Kurema kwakanyanya chinhu chinokonzera chirwere chemwoyo. Kunowedzerawo cholesterol. Kuderedza uremu kunogona kubatsira kuderedza LDL, cholesterol yese, uye triglyceride levels.
- Kurovedza muviri: Kurovedza muviri nguva dzose kunogona kuderedza cholesterol yakaipa yeLDL uye kuwedzera cholesterol yakanaka yeHDL. Ronga kuita maekisesaizi ane mwero kwemaawa maviri nehafu, akadai sekufamba nekukurumidza, pasvondo.
- Kusvuta: Kusvuta kunogona kuwedzera mafuta muropa (triglyceride) uye kuderedza huwandu hwakanaka hweHDL cholesterol.
- Zera nenhaka: Mazinga echolesterol anowanzo kukwira sezvatinokura. Dzimwe nguva cholesterol yakakwira inogona kugarwa nhaka.
- Mamwe matambudziko ehutano nemishonga: Cholesterol inogona kuwedzera nekuda kwezvirwere zvakaita sehypothyroidism, chirwere chechiropa, chirwere cheitsvo, uye mimwe mishonga yakaita semasteroid.
Mishonga inoderedza cholesterol
Kana kuchinja mararamiro ako chete kusina kukwana kudzora cholesterol yako, chiremba wako anogona kukukurudzira kuti ushandise mishonga. Sarudzo yakanakisisa inoenderana nenjodzi yako yechirwere chemwoyo.
| Rudzi rwemishonga | Mashandiro uye mienzaniso |
|---|---|
| Mishonga yeStatin | Iyi ndiyo mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa. Inodzivisa kugadzirwa kwecholesterol muchiropa. Semuenzaniso: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin. |
| Niacin | Iyi ivhitamini B. Inoderedza LDL uye inowedzera HDL. |
| Zvinosanganisa bile acid | Inosunga nyongo mudumbu uye inodzivirira cholesterol kuti isanyungudike zvakare. |
| Fibrates | Inobatsira zvikuru kuderedza mazinga e triglyceride. |
| Zvinodzivisa kunyudzwa kwecholesterol | Inodzivirira kunyudzwa kwecholesterol kubva muura. Semuenzaniso: Ezetimibe. |
Zvakakosha: Kana uchinzwa kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama kusingatsananguriki paunenge uchitora mushonga unoderedza cholesterol, fonera chiremba wako nekukasika, sezvo ichi chingave chiratidzo chechirwere chakakomba.
Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vanhu vanogona kusangana nematambudziko akadai sekuchinja kwekushanda kwechiropa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, uye kuvimbiwa. Zvakare, dzivisa kunwa muto wegrapefruit paunenge uchitora mushonga uyu. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emushonga.
Matambudziko anokonzerwa ne cholesterol yakakwira
Kana cholesterol yawanda, inoiswa pamadziro etsinga dzeropa, zvichiita kuti tsinga dzeropa dziite shoma uye dziite dzakakora. Tinodaidza kuti chirwere ichi kuti atherosclerosis . Kana tsinga dzeropa dzikatetepa nenzira iyi, kufamba kweropa kunovharika. Nhengo dzemuviri, kusanganisira mwoyo wedu, dzinowana oxygen yadzinoda kubva muropa. Matambudziko anomuka kana kufamba kweropa uku kuvharika.
- Kukwira kweropa: Mwoyo unofanirwa kushanda nesimba kuti upombe ropa nepatsinga dzakatetepa.
- Kurwadziwa pachipfuva (Angina): Kunoitika kana tsandanyama yemoyo isingagamuchire ropa neokisijeni yakakwana.
- Kurwara nemwoyo uye sitiroko: Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana chidimbu chemafuta chikatyoka kana ropa rikagwamba, zvichivhara zvachose tsinga yeropa inoenda kumwoyo kana kuuropi.
- Chirwere chePeripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Kuvharika kwetsinga dzinopa ropa kumakumbo netsoka.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kunyangwe cholesterol yakakwira, hapana zviratidzo. Saka, zvakakosha kuti uongororwe ropa nguva nenguva.
- Ziva huwandu hwe "cholesterol" yako "yakanaka" (HDL) ne "yakaipa" (LDL). Chinangwa chinofanira kunge chiri chekuderedza LDL yakaipa uye kuwedzera HDL yakanaka.
- Kudya zvine hutano (mafuta mashoma neshuga shoma, fiber yakawanda) uye kurovedza muviri nguva dzose ndiwo matanho akakosha ekudzora cholesterol.
- Kana chiremba akakunyorera mushonga, tora sezvakarairwa uye nenguva.
- Gara uchitaurirana nachiremba wako pachena nezvehuwandu hwecholesterol yako, zvinhu zvinoisa njodzi, uye hurongwa hwekurapa.
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