Masifunde yonke into malunga ne-Pituitary Gland: "umphathi" omncinci womzimba wakho!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba i-gland encinci emzimbeni wakho, njengenjini yemoto, ilawula umzimba wakho wonke? Ayimangalisi na? Le gland incinci, encinci njenge-pea, ekwi-low brain yethu, eyenza izinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary gland . Makhe sithethe ngale 'boss' incinci namhlanje, akunjalo?

Yintoni i-pituitary gland? Iphi?

Ngamafutshane, i-pituitary gland yakho yi-gland encinci enobukhulu obufana ne-pea, ekwisiseko sobuchopho bakho, ngaphantsi nje kwenye indawo ebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypothalamus . Ikwigumbi elincinci, elikhuselekileyo kwisiseko sobuchopho bakho. Siyibiza le gumbi ngokuthi yi-Sella Turcica . Eli yinxalenye yenkqubo yakho ye-endocrine . Yenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeehomoni ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu, kwaye ixelela ezinye ii-endocrine glands ukuba zikhuphe ezi homoni. Incinci, kodwa yenza umsebenzi omkhulu, akunjalo?

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba yintoni i-gland kwaye zeziphi ii-hormones.

I-gland sisitho esivelisa into enye okanye ezingaphezulu, ezinje ngee-hormone, iijusi zokugaya ukutya, ukubila, kunye neenyembezi. Ii-endocrine glands zikhupha ii-hormone ngqo egazini.

Iihormone zifana nezithunywa zeekhemikhali ezilawula umsebenzi wemizimba yethu. Zihamba ngegazi kwaye zithwala imiyalezo kwizitho zomzimba, ulusu, izihlunu, kunye nezinye izicwili. Ezi miyalezo zixelela umzimba into omawuyenze kunye nexesha omawuyenze ngalo.

I-pituitary gland yakho yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini aphambili: i-anterior pituitary ( front lobe) kunye ne-posterior pituitary ( back lobe). Le gland iqhagamshelwe kwi-hypothalamus ngesiqu esincinci semithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary stalk okanye i-infundibulum .

Zeziphi iihomoni ezibaluleke kakhulu eziveliswa yi-pituitary gland?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iihomoni ezibalulekileyo ezivela kweli gland lincinci.

IiHormone ezivela kwi-Anterior Lobe

Le nxalenye ivelisa kwaye ikhuphe iihomoni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo egazini.

• I-hormone ye-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) okanye i-corticotrophin: Oku kuchaphazela indlela imizimba yethu esabela ngayo kuxinzelelo . Ivuselela amadlala akho e-adrenal ukuba avelise i- cortisol "ye-hormone yoxinzelelo". I-Cortisol inemisebenzi emininzi. Umzekelo, ilawula imetabolism , igcina uxinzelelo lwegazi , ilawula amanqanaba eglucose egazini , kwaye inciphisa ukudumba .
• Ihomoni evuselela i-follicle (FSH):Ukuba uyindoda, i-FSH ivuselela ukuveliswa kwesidoda. Ukuba ungumfazi, i-FSH ivuselela ama-ovari ukuvelisa i-estrogen , ekwanceda amaqanda ukuba akhule. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-gonadotrophic hormone .
• Ihomoni yokukhula (GH): Oku kunceda abantwana bakhule, oko kuthetha ukuba bakhula babe bade. Kubantu abadala, kunceda ukugcina izihlunu namathambo esempilweni kunye nokulawula ukugcinwa kwamafutha. I-GH ikwachaphazela imetabolism yakho (indlela oguqula ngayo ukutya okutyayo kube ngamandla).
• I-Luteinizing hormone (LH): Ivuselela i-ovulation ukuba unama-ovari, kwaye ivuselela ukuveliswa kwe-testosterone ukuba unama-testicles. I-LH ikwayi-gonadotrophic hormone kuba ilawula ukusebenza kwama-ovari kunye nama-testicles (akwabizwa ngokuba zii-gonads ).
• I-Prolactin: Oku kukhuthaza ukuncancisa emva kokubeleka. Kunokuchaphazela nokuzala kunye nokusebenza ngokwesondo kubantu abadala.
• Ihomoni evuselela i-thyroid (TSH): I-TSH ivuselela i-thyroid gland yakho ukuba ivelise iihomoni ze-thyroid, ezinceda ekulawuleni imetabolism yakho, amanqanaba amandla, kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo .

IiHormone ezivela kwi-Posterior Lobe

Le nxalenye ayivelisi iihomoni, kodwa iihomoni ezimbini eziveliswa yi-hypothalamus zigcinwa apha kwaye zikhutshwe egazini xa kufuneka.

• I-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) okanye i-vasopressin: Le hormone ilinganisela ubungakanani bamanzi kunye ne-sodium emzimbeni wakho.
• I-Oxytocin: I-Oxytocin iveliswa yi-hypothalamus kwaye igcinwa kwaye ikhutshwe yi-pituitary gland. Inceda ekwenzeni kube lula ukuzala ngokuthumela imiqondiso esibelekweni ukuze inciphe ngexesha lokuzala. Ikwanceda ekubangeleni ukuncitshiswa kobisi kwaye ikhuthaze ulwalamano phakathi kwabazali kunye neentsana. I-Oxytocin ikwadlala indima ekushukumeni kwesidoda.

Zithini imisebenzi ephambili ye-pituitary gland?

Mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukubaluleka kwale gland incinci. Nazi ezinye zezona misebenzi zayo ziphambili:

• Ukukhula
• I-Metabolism (oko kukuthi, indlela oguqula ngayo ukutya okutyayo kube ngamandla kwaye ulawule loo mandla)
• Ukuzala kwakhona
• Ukuphendula kuxinzelelo okanye ukwenzakala emzimbeni
• Ukuncancisa
• Ibhalansi yamanzi kunye nesodium (ityuwa)
• Ukuzala nokuzala umntwana

Khawucinge nge-thermostat ekhayeni lakho.Kufana nenye. I-thermostat ihlala ijonga ubushushu ekhayeni lakho kwaye isebenza ukukugcina ukhululekile, akunjalo? Ithumela imiqondiso kwi-heater nakwi-cooler ukuze yonyuse okanye yehlise ubushushu ngale mali, ukuze igcine ubushushu ekhayeni lakho bukwinqanaba elithile.

I-pituitary gland yakho ifana nawe, ijonga imisebenzi yomzimba wakho. I-pituitary gland ithumela imiyalezo kumalungu akho kunye namadlala ngokusebenzisa iihomoni zayo, isithi, 'Nantsi into ekufuneka uyenze, ngeli xesha.' Ukuba zeziphi izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo emzimbeni wakho zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana neminyaka yakho kunye nesini sakho.

Luluphi ulwalamano phakathi kwe-hypothalamus kunye ne-pituitary gland?

I-pituitary gland yakho kunye ne-hypothalamus zisebenza kunye ukwenza i-Hypothalamus-Pituitary complex . Oku kufana neziko lolawulo eliphambili lobuchopho bakho, elilawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba wakho.

I-hypothalamus yinxalenye yengqondo yakho enoxanduva lweminye yemisebenzi esisiseko yomzimba. Ithumela imiyalezo kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo elawula izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, isantya sentliziyo, kunye nokuphefumla. Ikwaxelela i-pituitary gland ukuba ivelise kwaye ikhuphe iihomoni ezichaphazela amanye amalungu omzimba.

Njengoko besesitshilo, i-pituitary gland iqhagamshelwe kwi-hypothalamus ngesiqu se-pituitary . Kungesi siqu apho i-hypothalamus inxibelelana ne-anterior pituitary gland ngee-hormones kunye ne-posterior pituitary gland ngee-nerve impulses. I-Oxytocin kunye ne-antidiuretic hormone nazo ziveliswa yi-hypothalamus. I-hypothalamus inoxanduva lokugcina nokukhupha ezi hormone kwi-posterior pituitary gland.

I-hypothalamus inxibelelana kwaye ivuselela i-pituitary gland, ivelisa iihomoni ezifana nezi:

• I-hormone ekhupha i-corticotrophin (CRH)
• I-Dopamine
• I-hormone ekhupha i-Gonadotropin (GnRH)
• Ihomoni yokukhupha ihomoni yokukhula (GHRH)
• I-Somatostatin
• I-hormone ekhupha i-Thyrotropin (TRH)

Ngenxa yokuba ezi zimbini (i-hypothalamus kunye ne-pituitary) zisebenza ngokusondeleyo, ukuba enye yonakele, inokuchaphazela nokusebenza kwamahomoni kwenye.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-pituitary gland?

Ewe, ungaphila ngaphandle kwe-pituitary gland yakho, kodwa ukuze wenze njalo, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi -replacement therapy ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ii-pituitary hormones ezingekhoyo. Kuba ii-pituitary hormones zibalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Ukuba zonke ii-pituitary hormones ziphelile kwaye zinganyangwa, zinokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-pituitary gland?

Kukho iimeko ezininzi zempilo ezichaphazela okanye ezibangelwa kukusebenza kwe-pituitary gland. Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezine eziphambili:

• I-adenomas ye-pituitary
• Ukungabi namdla
• I-Hyperpituitarism
• Isifo se-sella esingenanto

Makhe sithethe ngesinye kwezi nkcukacha zithe vetshe.

Ii-Adenomas zePituitary

Olu luhlobo lwethumba elingelona libi elikhula kwi-pituitary gland. Ii-pituitary adenomas zimalunga ne-10% ukuya kwi-15% yazo zonke iithumba ezikhula ngaphakathi kwengqondo.

Ezi zihlala zikhula zibe nkulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ziba nkulu kakhulu, zinokubangela iimpawu ngokucinezela izinto ezikufutshane. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokucinezela umthambo we-optic, okubangela iingxaki zokubona (njengokulahlekelwa ngumbono ongaphandle). Amaxesha amaninzi, ii-adenoma ezinkulu ze-pituitary zinokopha.

Ezinye ii-adenoma zepituitary zivelisa i-hormone ye-pituitary eninzi kakhulu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi- "Functioning/Secreting" adenomas . Ezinye azivelisi hormone. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"Non-functioning" adenomas .

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-adenomas ezisebenzayo, kuxhomekeke kwi-hormone eziyivelisayo. Eyona adenoma isebenzayo eqhelekileyo yi -prolactinoma . Oku kuvelisa i-prolactin eninzi kakhulu. Ii-prolactinomas zihlala zinyangwa ngamayeza.

Iithumba zepituitary ezinkulu kakhulu kwaye/okanye ezivelisa iihomoni zifuna unyango, ngesiqhelo utyando .

Ukungabi namdla

Le yimeko apho i-pituitary gland yakho ivelisa i-hormone encinci kakhulu enye, ezininzi, okanye zonke eziveliswa yiyo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, kubonwa ukunqongophala kwehomoni enye. Ukunqongophala kweehomoni ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zepituitary kubizwa ngokuba yi -panhypopituitarism . Oku kuqhele ukwenzeka emva kotyando lwe-pituitary okanye emva kokukhanya kobuchopho .

Eyona nto ibangela i-hypopituitarism kukonakala kwe-pituitary gland okanye i-hypothalamus.

Kukho izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nale meko:

• Ukungabikho kwehomoni yokukhula: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ingavelisi ihomoni yokukhula eyaneleyo (GH). Ebantwaneni, ukukhula nophuhliso kuyaphazamiseka, kwaye ukufikisa kuyalibaziseka. Kubantu abadala, iingxaki zemetabolism ziyenzeka.
• Isifo seswekile esiphakathi:Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ingavelisi i-hormone ye-antidiuretic eyaneleyo (ADH). Oku kubangela ukuba umzimba ukhuphe umchamo omninzi kwaye ungakwazi ukugcina amanzi.
• I-Central hypogonadism: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ingavelisi i-luteinizing hormone (LH) eyaneleyo kunye ne-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Oku kubangela iingxaki ekusebenzeni ngokwesondo, ekuphuhliseni nasekuzaleni.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal ephakathi: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ingavelisi i-ACTH eyaneleyo. Oku kubangela ukuba umzimba ungakwazi ukuvelisa i-cortisol.
• I-Central hypothyroidism: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ingavelisi i-hormone evuselela i-thyroid (TSH) eyaneleyo, nto leyo ebangela amanqanaba aphantsi e-hormone ye-thyroid.

I-Hypopituitarism inyangwa ngokunika iihomoni ezingonelanga ngaphandle kunye nokujonga loo manqanaba ngovavanyo lwegazi.

I-Hyperpituitarism

Le yimeko apho i-pituitary gland yakho ivelisa i-hormone enye okanye ezingaphezulu kakhulu. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yi-pituitary adenoma esebenzayo (isimila esingengomhlaza).

Kukho izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nale meko:

• I-Acromegaly: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ivelisa i-growth hormone (GH) eninzi kakhulu ngexesha lobudala. Oku kubangela ukwanda kwamalungu athile omzimba, njengezandla, iinyawo, kunye/okanye amalungu angaphakathi, kunye neengxaki ze-metabolic.
• I-Gigantism: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ivelisa i-growth hormone (GH) eninzi kakhulu ngexesha lobuntwana okanye lokufikisa. Oku kubangela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nobude obugqithisileyo.
• Isifo sikaCushing: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ivelisa i-ACTH eninzi (ebangela ukuba i-adrenal gland ivelise i-cortisol eninzi). Oku kunokubangela ukutyeba ngequbuliso kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba, amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini, kwaye kunokukhokelela kwisifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini .
• I-Hyperprolactinemia: Oku kwenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ivelisa i-prolactin eninzi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuzala kunye nokukhupha ubisi oluvela kwiingono (i-galactorrhea) .

I-Empty Sella Syndrome

I-Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) yimeko engaqhelekanga. Yenzeka xa i-pituitary gland ithambekile okanye incipha ngenxa yengxaki yesakhiwo samathambo esisijikelezileyo nesikhuselayo, esibizwa ngokuba yiSella Turcica . I-Sella Turcica yigumbi elimile okwesihlalo. Livela kwigama lesiLatini elithi "isihlalo saseTurkey."

Iseli engenanto sisifo sokuxilongwa nge-x-ray.Uninzi lwexesha, oku akubi yingxaki yokwenyani yempilo, kwaye kufunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lokuskena.

Kwezinye iimeko, i-ESS inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nokungalingani kwamahomoni, iintloko ezibuhlungu rhoqo, kunye notshintsho lombono. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amanqanaba ehomoni ye-pituitary angaphakathi komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, akukho nto ibalulekileyo yokukhathazeka ngayo.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonakala xa kukho iingxaki kwi-pituitary gland?

Ii-adenoma ezinkulu zepituitary (ezi azingomhlaza) zinokutyhala okanye zonakalise izicwili ezikufutshane. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Iingxaki zokubona (ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngumbono ongaphandle)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukungalingani kwamahomoni okubangelwa kukwanda okanye ukuncipha kwamahomoni e-pituitary

Ukungalingani kweehomoni zepituitary kunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwihomoni echaphazelekayo. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Ukukhula kancinci okanye ukugqithisela ebantwaneni
• Ukuncipha kokuzala kwabasetyhini namadoda (Ukungazali)
• Imijikelo yokuya exesheni engaqhelekanga
• Ukunyuka okanye ukwehla kobunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Uxinzelelo kunye/okanye ixhala

Ukuba uneempawu ezintsha nezingapheliyo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Bangenza izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi olulula ukuze babone ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa yingxaki yehomoni okanye enye into.

Ngubani esifanele simxelele ngengxaki efana nale?

Iingxaki ze-pituitary gland zihlala zinyangwa ngoogqirha be-endocrinologists .

Ingcali ye-endocrinologist ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezinxulumene namahomoni. Uyakwazi ukuxilonga izifo ze-endocrine (amahomoni), enze izicwangciso zonyango kunye nolawulo, aze anike amayeza.

Ukuba unengxaki ye-pituitary gland, efana ne-pituitary adenoma, echaphazela izakhiwo zobuchopho kunye/okanye efuna utyando, unokufuna ukubona ugqirha wotyando lwemithambo-luvo .

Oogqirha bazichonga njani iingxaki ze-pituitary gland?

Ngenxa yokuba i-pituitary gland yakho ikhupha ii-hormones ngqo egazini lakho, oogqirha badla ngokulinganisa amanqanaba e-pituitary hormones ngovavanyo lwegazi .

Ukuba amanqanaba akho ehomoni akaqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo zokujonga imifanekiso, ezifana ne -CT scan okanye i-MRI scan, ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-pituitary gland. Ngokwesiqhelo, kwenziwa i-MRI ekhethekileyo ye-pituitary ukuze kubonwe ngokucacileyo i-pituitary gland kunye nesiqu sayo.

Singayigcina njani i-pituitary gland yethu isempilweni?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina i-pituitary gland yakho iphilile kukukhusela intloko yakho. Ukulimala entloko kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (ii-TBI)Ingonakalisa i-pituitary gland yakho, ibangele ukuba ivelise iihomoni ezininzi kakhulu okanye ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko nasengqondweni:

• Nxiba ibhanti lokhuseleko nanini na xa usemotweni.
• Qhuba ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Nxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela ibhayisekile, ibhayisekile, okanye udlala imidlalo ebandakanya ukudibana.
• Thabatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukuwa, ingakumbi ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuwa. Oku kuquka ukuzilolonga okwandisa amandla nokulinganisela, ukususa imiqobo nezinto ezityibilikayo ekhayeni lakho, ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokuncedisa ukuhamba, kunye nokujonga umbono wakho.
• Ukuba unabantwana abancinci, yenza iindawo abahlala kuzo kwaye udlale ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga ne-pituitary gland?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-pituitary adenoma kunye/okanye iimpawu zokungalingani kwamahomoni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Banokwenza uvavanyo oluthile ukuze babone ukuba kukho into engalunganga kwi-pituitary gland yakho.

Ukuba kutshanje ukhe wenzakala kakhulu engqondweni (Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI) , ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ukusebenza kwe-pituitary gland yakho ukuze abone ukuba isebenza kakuhle na kwaye yonakaliswe yiloo ngozi.

Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya):

I-pituitary gland yakho yi-gland encinci kakhulu, kodwa enamandla elawula iinkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho wonke! Ifana 'nomphathi' omncinci.

Ivelisa iihomoni ezilawula izinto ezininzi, kuquka ukukhula kwakho, ukugaya ukutya, ukuzala, kunye nendlela ojongana ngayo noxinzelelo. Ngoko ke, ukugcina eli gland lincinci lisempilweni kubaluleke kakhulu.

• Lumka intloko yakho: nxiba isigcina-ntloko, hlala ukhuselekile.
• Qaphela iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga: Xelela ugqirha ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu ezingapheliyo, iingxaki zokubona, utshintsho lobunzima ngesiquphe, okanye ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Ungakhathazeki: uninzi lweengxaki ze-pituitary gland zinonyango olufanelekileyo. Ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba, zinokulawulwa kakuhle.

Ngoku uyazi okuninzi ngale nxalenye incinci imangalisayo yomzimba wakho. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha. Hlala uphilile!

I- pituitary gland, iihomoni, ubuchopho, inkqubo ye-endocrine, izifo ze-pituitary, i-hypothalamus, i-growth hormone