Zithini ezi Helper T cells? Ngamafutshane...
Ngoko ke, ii-Helper T cells zezona ntlobo ziphambili zeeseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Khawuthelekelele ukuba njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe lethu, sinenkqubo enkulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu yokusikhusela kwizifo, nto leyo esiyibiza ngokuba yinkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba . Ezi T cells ngamajoni akhethekileyo kuloo nkqubo. Okwangoku, ii-Helper T cells liqela elidlala indima ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Umsebenzi ophambili wezi seli kukubona usulelo, oko kukuthi, intsholongwane ebangela isifo, xa ingena emzimbeni wethu, size sidibane nezinye ii-immune cells size sizikhuthaze ukuba zilwe nolo sulelo (sizivuselele) . Njengomlawuli xa kuqala imfazwe. Ezi Helper T cells zenziwa, oko kukuthi, ziyakhula, kwi-gland encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-thymus kwinxalenye ephezulu yesifuba sethu. Oku kufana nesikolo esinika uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwezi seli. Kukwi-thymus apho ezi seli zivuthwa khona kwaye zifunde ukwenza imisebenzi yazo ngokufanelekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zee-T cells. Ngaphandle kwee-helper T cells, kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili:- Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu : Ezi zezo zilwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zitshabalalise iiseli ezisulelekileyo, njengamajoni ahlaselayo emkhosini.
- Iiseli ze-T ezilawulayo : Umsebenzi wazo kukulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokuzikhusela xa kuyimfuneko, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuyithintela ekubeni isebenze kakhulu.
- Iiseli ze-NKT: Ezi zinceda ukuphucula amajoni omzimba ngokubanzi.
Kutheni le nto ezi seli zeHelper T zibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu? (Indima yoKhuseleko oluZilungelelanisayo)
Ngoku, khangela, kukho iinxalenye ezimbini kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Enye yi- Innate Immunity , eyinkqubo yokuzikhusela esiyinikwayo kwasekuzalweni kwaye isebenza ngokubanzi nxamnye nayo nayiphi na intsholongwane. Enye yi- Adaptive Immunity . Le ikhethekile kakhulu. Kuba le yileyo iqaphela iintsholongwane ezithile ezingena emizimbeni yethu kwaye ifunde ukulwa nazo ngokukodwa. Kufana nokuba xa ujongene notshaba olunye okwesibini, ulungele ngcono kunokuba wawunjalo okokuqala. Nantso ke.Amaqhawe okuzikhusela komzimba zii -helper T cells . Enyanisweni, zibandakanyeka kwiimpendulo ezininzi zokuzikhusela komzimba eziguquguqukayo. Ngokuyintloko zivuselela iintlobo ezimbini zeeseli: 1. Ii-B cells: Ezi B cells zezona zivelisa iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies emizimbeni yethu. Ezi antibodies zifana nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Zivelisa ii-antibodies ezikhethekileyo kwi-pathogen nganye kwaye zinceda ekutshabalaliseni loo pathogen. 2. Ii-Cytotoxic T cells: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ezi zezona zilwa ngokuthe ngqo nosulelo kwaye zitshabalalise iiseli ezisulelekileyo. Ngamafutshane, ii-helper T cells zifana neenkokheli ezixelela ezinye iiseli, "Hee, kukho ingxaki! Wonke umntu makasebenze!"Ngaba kukho iintlobo zee-helper T cells?
Ewe, xa ezi seli ze-T ezincedisayo zibona usulelo, ziqala ukusebenza ngokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini ezingaphezulu. Ezi zezi:- Iiseli ezincedisayo ze-TH1: Ezi seli zithumela umyalezo okhethekileyo wekhemikhali (masiwubize ngomyalelo) wokuvula uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba yi-macrophage . Ii-macrophage zifana nabaqokeleli benkunkuma emizimbeni yethu. "Ziginya" izinto zangaphandle kunye neentsholongwane ezivela ngaphandle kwaye zicoce umzimba. Iiseli ze-TH1 zikwavula iiseli ze-T ezinobungozi ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.
- Iiseli ezincedisayo ze-TH2: Ezi seli zivuselela iiseli ze-B ngokukhupha imiyalezo eyahlukeneyo yeekhemikhali. Iiseli ze-B emva koko ziqala ukwenza ii-antibodies . Ayipheleli apho, kodwa ezi seli ze-TH2 zibangela izinto ezifana nokukhwehlela, ukuthimla, kunye norhudo , ngamanye amaxesha ezinceda imizimba yethu ukuba ikhuphe izinto zangaphandle. Ii-antibodies ezinxulumene nezinye ii-allergies nazo ziveliswa ngoncedo lwezi seli ze-TH2.
Khawuthelekelele indlela esebenza nzima ngayo, kodwa ngobuchule, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu! Konke oku kwenzeka ukuze kusikhusele kwizifo .
Ezi seli ze-T ezincedisayo zisebenza njani? (Ukusebenza)
Eli libali elinomdla kakhulu. Ii-Helper T cells zinenxalenye ekhethekileyo kumphezulu wazo ebizwa ngokuba yi-CD4 receptor . Oku kufana nesitshixo somnyango. Sikwanayo nenye imolekyuli ekhethekileyo emzimbeni wethu ebizwa ngokuba yi -MHC class II molecules (ii-Major Histocompatibility Complex II molecules).Ezi molekyuli zeklasi yesiBini zeMHC zezokuqala "ukuva" ukuba kukho usulelo okanye into yangaphandle engene emzimbeni wethu. Emva koko, i-CD4 receptor kunye nemolekyuli yeklasi yesiBini yeMHC ziyasebenzisana. Kufana nokufaka isitshixo nokuvula ucango. Kulapho ke ii-helper T cells zisebenza khona . Zakuba zisebenza, ezi helper T cells zikhupha iichemical messengers ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cytokines . Ezi cytokines zezona zithumela umyalezo kwezinye ii-immune cells, "Kufuneka siqale umlo ngoku!"Ii-Helper T cells kunye nee-cytotoxic T cells zisebenza njani kunye?
La mabini afana namaqela amabini asebenza kunye. Ii-cytokines ezikhutshwa zii-helper T cells zinceda ekuvuseleleni ii-cytotoxic T cells . Kufana nokuthi zithi, "Kulungile, ngoku lixesha lakho, hamba uye kwenza umsebenzi wakho!" Ii-cytotoxic T cells emva koko zikhupha iikhemikhali zazo ezikhethekileyo ukulwa nosulelo. Ziyakwazi nokubona iiseli ezisulelekileyo, zizibulale ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye ziyeke ukusasazeka kosulelo. Jonga indlela entle ngayo intsebenziswano!Ziphi emizimbeni yethu ezi seli ze-T ezincedisayo ezifumaneka kakhulu?
Iiseli ze-T ziqala ukukhula kwindawo ethambileyo yamathambo ethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow . Emva koko, xa ziselula, oko kukuthi, xa zikhula, ziya kwi-gland ebizwa ngokuba yi-thymus . Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-thymus ifana "nesikolo" sezi seli ze-T. Kulapho ezi seli zivuthwa khona kwaye ziqeqeshwe kakuhle. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-thymus ifundisa ezi seli ze-T ukuba ziqonde ngqo ukuba zeziphi iiseli emzimbeni wethu ezizezethu kwaye zeziphi iintsholongwane ezivela ngaphandle . Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kungenjalo zinokuhlasela iiseli zethu. Nje ukuba uqeqesho lugqityiwe, ezi seli zijikeleza emzimbeni wethu ukusuka kwi-thymus. Kukho inani elikhulu leeseli ze-T kuyo yonke inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic . Ngokukodwa, iiseli ze-T ezincedisayo zinokufumaneka kwiindawo eziphezulu kwi:- Ummongo wethambo
- Amathumbu
- Imiphunga
- Ama-lymph nodes - Xa unomkhuhlane, la ma-lymph nodes ayadumba aze abangele amaqhuma entanyeni nasemakhwapheni.
- Ispleen
- Iitoni - Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeetoni emqaleni wakho.
Zeziphi izifo ezichaphazela iiHelper T cells?
Ngelishwa, kukwakho nezifo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwezi T cells zibalulekileyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:- Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni:Le yimeko apho amajoni ethu omzimba ahlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Utshintsho kumsebenzi weeseli ze-T ezincedisayo lusenokuba yimbangela.
- I-acute lymphocytic leukemia: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala egazini nasemongweni wethambo.
- I-lymphoma yabantu abadala i-Hodgkin: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic.
- I-HIV: Le yintsholongwane ehlasela iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ingakumbi iiseli ze-CD4 helper T. Oku kunokwenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ize ikhokelele kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-AIDS .
- I-Job syndrome: Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu senkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esibangela usulelo oluqhelekileyo.
- I-Thymic aplasia: Le yimeko eyenzeka xa i-thymus ingakhuli kakuhle. Ukungabikho kwe-thymus efanelekileyo kubangela ukuphuhliswa kweeseli ze-T okungasebenzi kakuhle.
Izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukugcina amajoni ethu omzimba esempilweni
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula esinokuzenza ukugcina yonke inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kuquka nee-helper T cells zethu, zomelele kwaye zisempilweni. Ukulandela ezi zinto kuya kusinceda kakhulu ekusikhuseleni kwizifo.- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Kuphephe utywala kangangoko unako, okanye busebenzise kuphela ngomlinganiselo olinganiselweyo.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya ukutya okuquka iziqhamo, imifuno, ukutya okuziinkozo, iiproteni ezingenamafutha amaninzi, kunye namafutha asempilweni.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Yenza izinto ezifana nemisebenzi ye-aerobic eyakha amandla, yonyusa ukuguquguquka, kwaye uphefumle nzulu yonke imihla.
- Lala kakuhle: Lala ubuncinane iiyure ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezisibhozo ubusuku ngabunye.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka. Ukuba sele uqalile, ungaze uqalise.
- Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ukuze uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ngoko ke, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba ii-Helper T cells zibaluleke kangakanani kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Zifana neenkokheli ezikrelekrele zemikhosi yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu. Xa kufika usulelo, zezi Helper T cells ezilubonayo, kunye nezinye ii-fighter cells (ii-cytotoxic T cells kunye nee-B cells), zikhokela ekulweni nolo sulelo.Akumangalisi na ukuba imizimba yethu inenkqubo emangalisayo kangaka yokusikhusela, nangona singayazi loo nto? Ngoko ke, sifanele sibe nomdla wokugcina le nkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ikwimeko entle. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oko kukuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Emva koko ii-helper T cells zethu nazo zinokwenza umsebenzi wazo ngokufanelekileyo!Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha. Hlala usempilweni!
Ukungakhuseleki komzimba, ii-T cells, ii-helper T cells, impilo, izifo, usulelo, ukhuselo lomzimba
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