Ngaba wakha wavavanywa amehlo? Xa sisiya, sihlala sicinga ngokuba ukubona kwethu kuya kuba mandundu na nokuba sifuna na iiglasi. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ugqirha wamehlo uhlola ngakumbi amehlo akho? Olunye uvavanyo olubaluleke kangaka yiVisual Field Test. Oku kunokuvakala ngathi yinto enzima ukuyenza, kodwa luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, olungenabuhlungu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le Visual Field Test?
Khawuthelekelele ujonge phambili. Lonke uluhlu onokulubona xa ujonge phambili, ungashukumisi intloko okanye amehlo akho, oko kukuthi, lonke uluhlu onokulubona kuzo zonke iindlela, phezulu, ezantsi, ekunene, nasekhohlo, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yintsimi ebonakalayo.
Ngamafutshane, nokuba ujonge phambili, awukwazi ukubona mntu uvela macala omabini, akunjalo? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-peripheral vision . Oko ukujongileyo ngqo kubizwa ngokuba yi -central vision .
Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa lolu vavanyo lweMigca yokubonwayo "kukwenza imaphu" yonke intsimi yakho yokubona, oko kukuthi, lonke uluhlu lwezinto onokuzibona. Ifana nemephu yaseSri Lanka, kwaye ijonga indlela ebonakala ngayo imaphu yakho yokubonayo.
Olu vavanyo lulinganisa izinto ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Ibanzi kangakanani indawo yakho yokubona? - Oku kuthetha ukuba ungabona kude kangakanani phezulu, ezantsi, ekhohlo, nasekunene xa ujonge phambili ngaphandle kokushukumisa intloko yakho.
2. Injani indlela obona ngayo? - Ngaphakathi koluhlu lonke lombono wakho, ezinye iindawo zicacile, ezinye iindawo azicacanga, kwaye ezinye iindawo azibonakali kwaphela. Oku kukubonisa nokuba umbono wakho ubuthathaka kangakanani kuzo zonke ezi ndawo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, amehlo ethu abona kakuhle phambili. Yiyo loo nto xa sifuna ukubona into ngokucacileyo, sijika iintloko zethu siye kwelo cala size sijonge phambili. Njengoko sisuka embindini, umbono wethu uba luzizi kancinci. Xa sisuka kude kakhulu, loo nto iyanyamalala ngokupheleleyo emehlweni ethu.
Kutheni olu vavanyo lubaluleke kangaka?
Xa undwendwela ugqirha wamehlo, oku kungenziwa njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa rhoqo. Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu kuba lunokubona ezinye iimeko ezinokonakalisa amehlo ngasese kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele naziphi na iimpawu.
Umzekelo obalaseleyo yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -glaucoma . Xa kuvela i-glaucoma, uxinzelelo olusesweni luyanda, oko konakala kancinci kancinci umthambo wokubona odibanisa iliso nengqondo. Into yokuqala elahlekayo kukubona okungaphandle. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba oku kwenzeka kancinci, abantu abaninzi abawuboni umahluko. Nangona kunjalo, xa kwenziwa uvavanyo lwentsimi yokubona, oku kulahleka kokubona, la "mabala angaboniyo", kunokuchongwa ngokucacileyo.
Olu vavanyo lukwanika ugqirha ulwazi oluninzi malunga nokusebenza kwenkqubo yethu yokubona. Inkqubo yethu yokubona ineenxalenye ezintathu eziphambili:
- I-Retina: Le ikwiliso. Ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera. Iguqula ukukhanya okungena kweliso kube ziimpawu zombane.
- I-Optic Nerve: Le "yintambo" ethwala imiqondiso eyenziwe kwi-retina iyise engqondweni.
- Ubuchopho: Ingqondo ifumana ezi mpawu, izihlalutye, ize iziguqule zibe ngumfanekiso esiwubonayo.
Ukuba kukho ingxaki nakweyiphi na kwezi ndawo zintathu, iya kubonakala kwiziphumo zoVavanyo lwakho lweMimandla yokuBonakala. Kukho iipateni ezithile zotshintsho kule mephu yokubona enxulumene nezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokufunda ezi pateni, ugqirha wakho unokuqikelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwemeko onayo.
Zeziphi iimeko eziphambili zonyango ezenzelwa olu vavanyo?
Ukuba uneempawu okanye urhanela ukuba kukho isifo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo. Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo kunye nokujonga ukuba isifo siphantsi kolawulo okanye siyanda.
| Imeko yezonyango | Intshayelelo emfutshane |
|---|---|
| I-Glaucoma | Ukonakala komthambo we-optic ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu elisweni. Umbono ongaphandle uyalahleka kuqala. |
| Istroke | Ukuphazamiseka kokuhambisa igazi engqondweni kunokubangela umonakalo kwiindawo ezithile zengqondo ezinxulumene nokubona. |
| Ukonakala kweMacular | Ukonakala kwenxalenye ephakathi ye-retina (macula). Kubangela ukulahleka kombono ophakathi. |
| I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Isifo esonakalisa imithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni nasemgogodleni. Sinokuchaphazela nemithambo-luvo yamehlo. |
| Isifo samangcwaba | Imeko ebangelwa yi-thyroid gland esebenza kakhulu. Amehlo anokudumba kwaye umthambo we-optic unokuba buthathaka. |
| Isifo se-Pituitary Gland | Iithumba kwi-pituitary gland ebuchotsheni zinokubangela ukucinezelwa kwe-optic nerve. |
| Indawo engaboniyo (iScotoma) | Ukubonakala kwamabala kwicandelo lombono, ukulahleka okupheleleyo okanye okuncinci kombono. |
Kutheni abanye abantu kufuneka baqhubeke bethatha olu vavanyo?
Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha angalwenza olu vavanyo aze akucele ukuba uphinde ulwenze emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Okanye angakucela ukuba uphinde ulwenze emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, ngonyaka. Zininzi izizathu zaloo nto.
1. Qinisekisa iziphumo: Masithi ubudiniwe ngomhla wovavanyo, okanye ukugxila kwakho bekungalunganga. Kusenokubakho iimpazamo ezincinci kwiziphumo. Ngoko ke, ungacela ukuba uphinde wenze uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zichanekile ngokupheleleyo.
2. Jonga imeko yakho: Esi sesona sizathu siphambili. Ingakumbi kubantu abanezigulo ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana ne-glaucoma, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza olu vavanyo rhoqo. Emva koko angabona ukuba amayeza owasebenzisayo asebenza kakuhle na, ukuba isifo siya sibi, okanye ukuba siyalawuleka na. Oku kufana nokujonga inqanaba leswekile yomntu onesifo seswekile okanye ukujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi lomntu onoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
Olu vavanyo lubalulekile kumntu one-glaucoma. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwazi ukuba ulahlekelwa yimbono yakho ungaqondanga. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuya kugqirha yonke imihla uze uvavanywe.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?
Akukho mfuneko yokulungiselela okuninzi ngosuku olungaphambi kolu vavanyo. Olu ayilovavanyo olubangela nayiphi na ingozi okanye intlungu emzimbeni.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza uvavanyo lweVisual Field. Kodwa into eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke ezi ndlela kukuba kufuneka ujonge ngqo kwindawo enye. Ngelixa usenza njalo, kufuneka unike isignali kwangoko xa ubona ukukhanya okanye into ivela macala omabini. Kufuneka unike eso signali ngokucinezela iqhosha elincinci esandleni sakho.
Ukuze uvavanyo lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga phambili njengoko ugqirha okanye ingcali ikuxelela.
Iindlela zovavanyo ezilula
Ezi azizondlela zinzima kakhulu ezidla ngokwenziwa njengovavanyo olusisiseko.
- I-Amsler Grid: Oku kufana nerula yesikwere. Inechaphaza elikhulu embindini. Okufuneka ukwenze kukuvala iliso elinye uze ujonge ichaphaza eliphakathi ngelinye iliso. Njengoko ujonge, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha ukuba imigca ekwizikwere yoluliwe, yaphukile, imibimbi, okanye ayicacanga kwezinye iindawo. Oku kuvavanya kakhulu umbono wakho ophakathi.
- Uvavanyo Lokujonga Ngokubona: Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha uhleli phambi kwakho, malunga neenyawo ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 ukusuka apho. Uvala iliso elinye uze ujonge ngqo impumlo kagqirha. Ugqirha wolula izandla zakhe emacaleni aze azingenise. Kuya kufuneka umxelele xa ubona isandla sakhe. Oku kukunika umbono ocacileyo wobungakanani bombono wakho ongaphandle.
Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo nolwanamhlanje (Uvavanyo lwePerimetry)
Ezi ziimvavanyo ezincediswa yikhompyutha ezibonelela ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo nezineenkcukacha. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-perimetry tests.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Ungayenza njani loo nto? | Imizekelo edumileyo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Kinetic Perimetry | Apha inqaku lokukhanya lihamba ukusuka ngaphandle komgca wokubona ukuya ngaphakathi. Kufuneka unike imiqondiso kwangoko nje ukuba ulibone. | Uvavanyo lweGoldmann Perimetry |
| I-Static Perimetry | Ufaka intloko yakho ngaphakathi komatshini omile okwesitya uze ujonge kwindawo ethile embindini. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumatshini, amachaphaza okukhanya okukhanyayo atshintshatshintshayo ayakhanya aze acime. Wakubona nje ukukhanya, kufuneka ucinezele iqhosha esandleni sakho. | I-Humphrey Field Analyzer, i-Octopus Perimetry |
Olu vavanyo olusekelwe kwikhompyutha luchaneke ngakumbi kuba lugcina intloko yakho ikwindawo enye, amehlo akho ethe tye, kwaye lulinganisa ubuchule bakho bokubona ngokuchanekileyo ngokutshintsha ukukhanya kokukhanya. Lunokuthelekisa iziphumo neziphumo eziqhelekileyo zomntu ophilileyo.
Olu vavanyo luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
Kudla ngokuthatha imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 ukuvavanya iliso elinye, ngoko ke olu ayilovavanyo lude noludinisayo.
Zithini iziphumo?
Ugqirha uza kukuchazela iziphumo zovavanyo, oluyi "mephu yakho yombono."
- Isiphumo "esiqhelekileyo": Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho ngxaki ngentsimi yakho yokubona, akukho ndawo ingabonakaliyo.
- Isiphumo "esingaqhelekanga": Oku kuthetha ukuba umbono wakho awuboni kakuhle kwezinye iindawo kwindawo yakho yokubona. Oku kulahleka kombono kunokubakho kwindawo encinci okanye kusasazeke kwindawo enkulu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yindlela yokulahlekelwa kombono. Ngokukodwa, ziphi ezi ndawo zimnyama emephini? Ngokufunda loo ndlela, ugqirha wakho unokufumana umbono olungileyo wemeko yempilo onayo. Umzekelo, kukho umahluko ocacileyo kwindlela yokulahlekelwa kombono okubangelwa sisimila sepituitary kunye nendlela yokulahlekelwa kombono okubangelwa yiglaucoma.
Ukuba iziphumo zakho aziqhelekanga, ungakhathazeki. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza ngokucacileyo isizathu, into omawuyenze ngokulandelayo, kunye naluphi na unyango olufunekayo.
Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?
Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olutsha okanye ukungakhululeki ekuboneni kwakho, musa ukulibala. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho.
Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona okanye uva iintlungu ezinkulu zamehlo, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Nokuba ucinga ukuba uphilile, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo kuba kulapho unokubona khona kwaye unyange iingxaki zamehlo onokuthi ungazazi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lweMiboniso luvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu olulinganisa lonke icandelo lakho lokubona (uluhlu lokubona).
- Oku kunokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nombono wakho ophakathi, kunye nombono wakho ongaphandle, oyindawo yombono onokuyibona kumacala omabini.
- Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma kwasekuqaleni, ngaphambi kokuba zibonakalise naziphi na iimpawu.
- Ukuba sele ufumana unyango lwengxaki yamehlo, olu vavanyo lunceda ekujongeni ukuba olo nyango luphumelele na.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho, musa ukulutyeshela. Bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Nokuba akukho ngxaki, ukuvavanywa kwamehlo rhoqo kuluncedo kakhulu kwimpilo yamehlo akho.
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