Ingaba imithambo yentliziyo yakho ivaliwe? Masifunde ngqo nge-Angioplasty

"I-Heart block", "i-blocked artery", "kufuneka wenze i-angioplasty"... Kuqhelekile ukuba nabani na azive esoyika kancinci xa esiva amazwi anje. Mhlawumbi wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho uxelelwe ngolu nyango ngugqirha. Ngoko ke mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho, efana nokuba yintoni le, ingaba lutyando olukhulu, ingaba luya kuba buhlungu, kwaye kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Musa ukoyika. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni i-angioplasty, ngokulula nangendlela onokuyiqonda.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-angioplasty?

I-Angioplasty ayifani notyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo. Yinkqubo engaphantsi kakhulu eyenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci. Ngokuchanekileyo, isetyenziselwa ukususa ukuvaleka nokuvumela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuba kuhambe ngokukhululekileyo kwakhona ukuba imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, ingakumbi imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni, ivalwe okanye incitshiswe yi-cholesterol kunye namafutha (imeko yezonyango eyaziwa ngokuba yi -atherosclerosis) .

Khawuthelekelele ukuba kukho ukuvaleka kombhobho wamanzi endlwini yakho. Kufana nokuwucoca uze ubuyisele amanzi kwakhona. Ngenxa yoku, oogqirha basebenzisa isixhobo esincinci esifana nebhaluni. Ngebhaluni, bacinezela umaleko wamafutha ovaliweyo (iplaque) eludongeni lomthambo, bedala indawo ngaphakathi komthambo.

Olu nyango lukhuselekile kakhulu. Xa luthelekiswa notyando olukhulu olufana notyando lwe-bypass, iingozi kunye nexesha lokuchacha ziphantsi kakhulu. Impilo yentliziyo yethu ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yomzimba wethu wonke. Ke ngoko, olu nyango lwe-angioplasty ludla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuthintela iimeko ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yokuvaleka okunjalo.

Ziziphi iintlobo kunye neendlela ze-angioplasty?

Oogqirha basebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo koku kuxhomekeke kwimithambo yegazi enyangwayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.

• I-Coronary Artery Angioplasty: Le yi-angioplasty eyenziwa kwimithambo yegazi ephambili (imithambo yegazi ye-coronary) ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Elinye igama lale nto yi -Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) . Olu lolona hlobo ludumileyo phakathi kwethu.
• I-Peripheral Artery Angioplasty: Oku kubhekisa kunyango lwemithambo yegazi engaphandle ethwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, njengeengalo nemilenze.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza olu nyango. Makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo kuzo.

Ifuneka nini i-angioplasty?

Kukho iimeko ezininzi apho ugqirha wakho angacebisa olu nyango.

• Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Olu nyango lunikwa njengonyango olungxamisekileyo ngexesha okanye emva nje kohlaselo lwentliziyo. Lunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo entliziyweni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ungangeniswa kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane olu nyango.
• Isifo seMithambo yeCoronary (CAD): Oku kwenzelwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo kwixesha elizayo ukuba uneempawu ezifana nentlungu yesifuba (i-angina) ebangelwa kukuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
• Isifo seMithambo yoMzimba (i-PAD): Imeko apho imithambo yegazi ephambili engalweni, emilenzeni, nakwisinqe incipha khona, nto leyo ebangela iintlungu emilenzeni xa uhamba kwaye iphola kancinci amanxeba. I-Angioplasty ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga le meko.
• Isifo seCarotid Artery: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko westroke, enokwenzeka ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo yecarotid entanyeni ehambisa igazi engqondweni.
• Isifo Sezintso Esingapheliyo: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukusebenza kwezintso kunokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa izintso. Olu nyango lunokunceda nakwiimeko ezinjalo.

Ulungiselela njani oku?

Ungakhathazeki, ugqirha wakho kunye nabasebenzi basesibhedlele baza kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo yendlela yokulungiselela oku. Ngokuqhelekileyo uya kufumana iingcebiso ezifana nezi:

• Uza kucelwa ukuba ungatyi okanye ungaseli nto kangangeeyure ezisi-8 ngaphambi konyango (akukho ngxaki ukusela amanzi amancinci).
• Ukuba usela amayeza athile, anjenge-anticoagulants, ungacelwa ukuba uyeke ukuwasebenzisa kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa okanye utshintshe umthamo. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo.
• Baza kubuza ukuba ngaba ukhe waba ne-allergy na kwinto ethile ngaphambili (ingakumbi kwidayi yokwahlulahlula esetyenzisiweyo kwiimvavanyo) okanye ukuba ukhe waba neengxaki nge-anesthesia.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe, kufuneka ubazise ngokuqinisekileyo.
• Okubaluleke kakhulu: Awuyi kuvunyelwa ukuba uqhube imoto ugoduke ngosuku lonyango lwakho. Ngoko ke, lungiselela ukuba umntu akuqhubele ekhaya kwangethuba. Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele usuku olunye.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-angioplasty? Masifunde inyathelo ngenyathelo

Igumbi apho oku kwenziwa khona (iCath Lab) alifani nendawo yokuhlinza eqhelekileyo, kodwa liyindawo enoomatshini abaninzi be-X-ray kunye neemonitha. Makhe sijonge inyathelo ngenyathelo okwenzekayo ngexesha lonyango.

1. Ukulungiselela: Uza kunikwa ilokhwe ekhethekileyo yesibhedlele uze uxelelwe ukuba ulale ebhedini. Uza kunikwa isithomalalisi nge-IV (efana ne-saline ) ukukunceda uphumle kwaye uzive ulele kancinci. Kodwa awuyi kulala ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uza kube uvukile ngokwaneleyo ukuba umamele oko kuthethwa ngugqirha. Uza kuqhagamshelwa kwiimonitha eziza kulinganisa izinto ezifana nesantya sentliziyo yakho kunye namanqanaba eoksijini.

2. Ukufikelela: Okulandelayo, ugqirha uza kukhetha indawo yokufikelela kumthambo omkhulu wegazi, nokuba ngesandla sakho okanye i-groin. Kuza kufakwa inaliti encinci (i-local anesthesia) ukuze kuthintelwe loo ndawo. Ngoko awuyi kuva ntlungu, kodwa ungaziva urhawuzelelwa kancinci.

3. Ukufakwa kwe-catheter: Ngoku, kufakwa inaliti encinci kwindawo engenanto, kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu ethambileyo nethambileyo (isingxobo) kwimithambo yegazi ngayo. Emva koko, neengcingo ezincinci kunye neetyhubhu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-catheters zidluliselwa kule tyhubhu ukuya kuthi ga kwimithambo evalekileyo entliziyweni.

4.Isikhokelo se-X-reyi: Umatshini omkhulu we-X-reyi (obizwa ngokuba yi-fluoroscopy ) ujikeleza ngeenxa zonke kuwe, unceda ugqirha ukuba abone indlela ye-catheter kwisikrini. Kufana nokubukela i-GPS.

5. Ukufumanisa indawo evalekileyo: Nje ukuba i-catheter ibekwe endaweni yayo, kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo (idayi yokwahlulahlula) emthanjeni ngalo. Olu lwelo lwenza imithambo yegazi ibonakale ngokucacileyo kwi-X-ray. Ngeli xesha, ungaziva ubushushu obuncinci emzimbeni wakho, okanye ungaziva ngathi kufuneka uchame. Oku kuya kuphela kwimizuzwana embalwa. Kukule mifanekiso apho ugqirha aya kufumana khona indawo echanekileyo yokuvaleka komthanjeni.

6. Ukuvula umthambo: Ngoku, i-catheter enebhaluni encinci idlula kwindawo evalekileyo. Yakufika kwindawo efanelekileyo, ibhaluni iyavuthelwa imizuzwana embalwa. Umaleko wamafutha ovalekileyo emva koko ucinezela eludongeni lomthambo, udale indlela yokuhamba kwegazi. Oku kunokufuneka kwenziwe amaxesha amaninzi.

7. Ukubekwa kwe-stent: Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba umthambo uvulekile, ugqirha uhlala efaka i-stent kwindawo evulekileyo. Le yityhubhu encinci ene-mesh. Inceda ukugcina umthambo ovulekileyo uvulekile ngonaphakade, iwuthintele ukuba ungaphinde unciphe.

Nje ukuba konke oku kwenziwe, ugqirha uza kuyisusa i-catheter, abeke iplasta phezu kwendawo apho inaliti ifakwe khona, aze ayibambe okwethutyana ukuze ayeke ukopha. Ukuba oku kwenziwe nge-groin, kuya kufuneka ulale ebhedini iiyure ezimbalwa. Lonke olu tyando ludla ngokuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2.

Zithini iingozi zoku?

Njengakweminye inkqubo yezonyango, kukho iingozi ezincinci kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, iingxaki ezinkulu azifumaneki rhoqo xa le nkqubo isenziwa rhoqo, phantsi kweliso logqirha onamava, nakwisibhedlele esilungileyo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?

Emva konyango, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iiyure ezimbalwa okanye ubusuku bonke. Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, usenokuziva udiniwe kancinci. Phumla ngokwaneleyo kwaye usele amanzi amaninzi. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba uphephe ukwenza umsebenzi onzima kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokuqala. Indawo apho inaliti ifakwe khona isenokuba nemivumbo emincinci kwaye ithambile kangangeveki.

Ngokwesiqhelo uya kukwazi ukuqhuba kwakhona kwaye uqalise imisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo kwisithuba seveki. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ngoko ke hlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yakhe.

Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha nini?

Uza kucwangciselwa ukuya kwikliniki elandelayo, ngoko ke qiniseka ukuba uya kuyo. Kodwa ngaphambi koko, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

• Ukuba indawo ebhoboziweyo iyopha okanye ibonakala inentsholongwane (idumbile, ibomvu, ikhupha ubomvu).
• Ukuba umbala wengalo okanye umlenze uyatshintsha.
• Ukuba uziva ubushushu okanye intlungu eqatha kuloo ndawo.
• Ukuba uneentlungu esifubeni okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla .

Ingaba olu lunyango oluphumelelayo? Ngaba lubuhlungu?

I-Angioplasty lunyango oluphumelele kakhulu, kodwa impumelelo yalo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubukhali bokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nobudala bakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngokweenkcukacha ukuba iziphumo ziya kuba yintoni ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho ethile.

Ngokuphathelele intlungu, awuyi kuva ntlungu ingako ngexesha lonyango. Usenokuva ukungakhululeki okuncinci:

• I-IV ibuhlungu xa ifakwa.
• Intlungu encinci oyivayo xa kujovwa iyeza elibangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukuzibamba.
• Usenokuziva uxinezelekile okanye ungakhululeki esifubeni sakho njengoko ibhaluni engaphakathi emthanjeni wakho ivuthelana.

Awuyi kuva ne-catheter idlula emthanjeni wakho. Ukuba ufumana iintlungu ezinganyamezelekiyo ngexesha lonyango, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa uxelelwa ukuba kufuneka wenze i-angioplasty. Kodwa yinkqubo eqhelekileyo, ekhuselekileyo, nephumelelayo eyenziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ungaze woyike ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngayo nantoni na ongayiqondiyo okanye ongaqinisekanga ngayo. Ukho ukukunceda.