Ngaba umntwana wakho unesifo sokuxhuzula rhoqo? Umele ukuba uxhalabile kakhulu kuba awukwazi ukumlawula nangona enikwa amayeza amaninzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha bathetha ngotyando olukhulu olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Hemispherectomy' kwimeko enjalo. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kakhulu xa usiva eli gama. Kuba oku kuthetha ukususa isiqingatha sobuchopho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iHemispherectomy?
I-Hemispherectomy kukususwa kotyando kwengqondo yomntwana yonke okanye inxalenye yayo (icala elinye) okanye ukuqhawula unxibelelwano lwayo nengqondo eseleyo. Igama elithi "Hemi" lithetha "isiqingatha." Olu lutyando olungaqhelekanga kakhulu nolukhethekileyo.
Oku kwenziwa ikakhulu kubantwana abanesithuthwane abangenakulawulwa ngamayeza. Kubantwana abanjalo, elinye icala lobuchopho aliqhelekanga kwaphela, kwaye elo cala lelo libangela isithuthwane. Ngoko ke injongo yolu tyando kukuyeka isithuthwane ngokususa okanye ukukhupha loo ndawo inesifo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale tyando.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza olu tyando. Oogqirha baya kukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana wakho.
| Uhlobo lotyando | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Hemisphereectomy esebenzayo (engadibaniyo) | Le ndlela ibandakanya ukususa inxalenye encinci yecala lobuchopho eligulayo, iqhawule ngokupheleleyo unxibelelwano phakathi kwelo cala kunye necala eliphilileyo. Oku akususi inxalenye enkulu yengqondo. Ke ngoko, umngcipheko weengxaki uphantsi. Le ndlela idla ngokuzanywa kuqala. |
| I-Anatomic Hemisphereectomy | Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wotyando ususa zonke ii-lobes ezine ezinkulu zobuchopho (i-frontal, parietal, temporal, kunye ne-occipital lobes) kwicala elichaphazelekayo. Le nkqubo isetyenziswa kuphela ukuba ukuxhuzula akulawulwa emva kotyando olusebenzayo. Kukho umngcipheko ophezulu kancinci weengxaki, ezifana nokopha kakhulu. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba impumelelo yazo zombini iindlela iyafana. Zombini iindlela zinamandla okuthintela ukungalingani.
Ngabahlobo bani abantwana abadinga olu tyando?
Olu tyando alwenziwanga kubo bonke abantwana abanesifo sokuwa. Lwenziwa kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo kakhulu. Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu okanye iimeko ezilandelayo, ugqirha wakho angacinga ngolu tyando:
- Ukuba nesithuthwane (isifo sokuwa) esingenakulawuleka ngamayeza .
- Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba. Umzekelo, ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ingalo enye kunye nenye.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ongaphandle.
- I-MRI scan yobuchopho ibonisa ukungaqhelekanga kwicala elinye lobuchopho.
- Ukuqunjelwa rhoqo kunokubangela ukulibaziseka kokukhula komntwana nokukhula kwakhe .
Iimeko ezinokubangela ezi mpawu:
- Ukukhubazeka koPhuhliso lweCortical: Iziphene ezithile ezenzeka ngexesha lophuhliso lwecortex yobuchopho.
- I-Perinatal Infarction (Stroke): I-stroke eyenzeka esibelekweni okanye emva kokuzalwa.
- I-Hemimegalencephaly: Icala elinye lobuchopho likhulu ngokungaqhelekanga kunelinye.
- I-Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Imeko apho imithambo yegazi ikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ezi zinokwenzeka nasebuchotsheni.
- I-Rasmussen's Encephalitis: Imeko echaphazela icala elinye lobuchopho kwaye ibangela ukudumba ngenxa yokuvuvukala.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nangexesha lotyando?
Ukulungiselela umntwana wakho utyando olukhulu kangaka kunokuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kuwe, kodwa oogqirha kunye nabongikazi esibhedlele baya kukunceda ngokuchaza yonke into.
Ngaphambi kotyando
Ngosuku olungaphambi kotyando, uza kucelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya nokusela emva kwexesha elithile. Uza kunikwa imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga nokuba zeziphi amayeza umntwana wakho awasebenzisayo, ngawaphi ekufuneka ayeke ukuwasebenzisa, kunye nawaphi ekufuneka aqhubeke nawo. Usenokunqunyulwa okanye ususwe iinwele ngokupheleleyo ecaleni kwentloko yomntwana wakho apho utyando luza kwenziwa khona.
Ngexesha lotyando
Umntwana unikwa i-anesthesia jikelele , emenza alale ngokupheleleyo kwaye angabi nantlungu. Utyando luthatha malunga neeyure ezi-5, ngamanye amaxesha ixesha elide. Ugqirha uza kulandela la manyathelo:
1. Ukususa inxalenye encinci yekhakayi (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Craniotomy').
2. Ukususa okanye ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo inxalenye yezicubu kwicala eligulayo lobuchopho.
3. Ukunqumla imicu edibanisa amacala omabini obuchopho (i-corpus callosum). (Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Corpus Callosotomy').
4. Inxalenye esusiweyo yentloko iyatshintshwa kwaye ulusu luthungwe luvalwe.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Kwaye zithini iziphumo?
Emva kotyando, umntwana ungeniswa kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ICU) aze ajongwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Emva kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, udluliselwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba iziphumo zolu tyando zilungile kakhulu. Izifundo zibonise ukuba phakathi kwama-66% nama-80% abantwana abenza olu tyando baphelelwa ngokupheleleyo kukunganyamezelani. Abanye abantwana abaninzi nabo bafumana ukwehla okukhulu kokuphindaphindeka kokunganyamezelani.
Iqela leengcali lisebenza ukunceda umntwana ukuba aphile.
- Unyango Lomzimba: Lukunceda uhambe, ubaleke, kwaye ugcine ibhalansi.
- Unyango Lomsebenzi: Lukufundisa indlela yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nokutya nokuzinxibisa.
- Unyango lokuthetha: Lunceda ukoyisa ubunzima bokuthetha nokuveza izimvo.
Ngaba akukho mingcipheko kunye neengxaki?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando olukhulu, kukho iingozi kunye neengxaki ezinokwenzeka, kodwa ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu.
| Uhlobo lwengxaki | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba | Inokwenzeka ngexesha okanye emva nje kotyando. Umzekelo, ukulahlekelwa ligazi elininzi, usulelo, kunye ne-hypothermia. |
| Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kamva | Eyona iphambili yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiHydrocephalus . Oku kukuqokelelana kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Amathuba okuba oku kwenzeke ngexesha lotyando olusebenzayo angaphantsi kwe-5%. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka kufakwe ityhubhu encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-'shunt' ukuze kususwe amanzi. |
Xa kufuneka uthethe nogqirha ngokukhawuleza
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya uvela esibhedlele, kufuneka umnike ingqalelo engakumbi umntwana wakho. Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye umse kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ukubonisa iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane , ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, okanye ubomvu obuvela kwinxeba lotyando.
- Ukuhlanza rhoqo, iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha (ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiHydrocephalus).
- Ukuphinda-phinda kokuxhuzula.
Ukwenza esi sigqibo malunga notyando akulula kubazali. Ngumthwalo omkhulu. Kodwa khumbula, ugqirha uya kucebisa utyando olunjalo kuphela ukuba uqinisekile ukuba azikho ezinye iindlela kwaye kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kubomi bomntwana.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hemispherectomy yindlela yotyando ephumelele kakhulu kubantwana abanesifo sokuwa esinzima esingenakulawulwa ngamayeza.
- Amathuba okuba ukuqina kwesisu kuyeke ngokupheleleyo okanye kunciphe kakhulu ngolu tyando aphezulu kakhulu.
- Icala eliseleyo elisempilweni lengqondo yomntwana liqala ukuthatha imisebenzi emininzi yecala elisusiweyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le yinto emangalisayo!
- Unyango lomzimba, lomsebenzi, kunye nonyango lokuthetha (ukuvuselelwa) emva kotyando lubalulekile ekuchacheni komntwana.
- Zive ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo nogqirha wakho. Bahlala bekulungele ukukunceda.
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