Ngaba kufuneka sifunde ngezilonda zomlomo/zesisu (mucositis) eziza nonyango lomhlaza?

Xa unyangwa umhlaza, ngamanye amaxesha ufumana izilonda ezibuhlungu ezinganyamezelekiyo emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, akunjalo? Kukho amaxesha apho ungakwazi nokutya okanye ukusela, kwaye kunzima ukuthetha. Leyo yimeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucositis . Ungakhathazeki, le yinto eyenzeka kubantu abaninzi, kwaye kukho iindlela zokuyilawula. Masiyijonge ngokusondeleyo.

Yintoni iMucositis? Ngamafutshane...

I-Mucositis kukudumba kunye nokwenzakala kolwelo lwendlela yethu yokugaya ukutya (GI) , okanye i-mucosa . Cinga ngayo njengolwelo olumanzi, olugudileyo, nolupinki lomlomo wethu. Yilo lwelo olugubungela yonke indlela yethu yokugaya ukutya. Yilo olusikhusela kwiintsholongwane kunye neekhemikhali ezinobungozi ekutyeni kwethu.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza, ingakumbi i-chemotherapy , unyango lwe-radiation , okanye ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem , njengokufakelwa komongo wethambo , zingonakalisa olu ngqameko luthambileyo. Kulapho kuvela khona i-mucositis. Le meko idla ngokubonwa emlonyeni njenge-oral mucositis .

Le mucositis ichaphazela njani imizimba yethu?

Ngoku, khangela, iiseli zomhlaza luhlobo lweseli ehlukana ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, unyango olunikezelwayo lomhlaza lwenzelwe ukutshabalalisa ezo seli zahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba, iiseli ezikwi-mucous membranes zethu nazo luhlobo lweseli ehlukana kwaye ihlaziyeke ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, unyango lomhlaza alunakwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ngoko ke, kunye neeseli zomhlaza, iiseli ezikwi-membrane yethu ekhuselayo nazo zonakele.

Ngokwesiqhelo, le membrane ye-mucous iyasikhusela kuba ivuselela ngokukhawuleza. Kwanenxeba elincinci liphola ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kwi-mucositis, akuwona nje kuphela amaseli akule membrane owonakeleyo, kodwa nokukwazi kwawo ukuvuselela nokuphilisa amanxeba kuyancitshiswa. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Le membrane iqala ukonakala ngakumbi yimisebenzi eqhelekileyo efana nokutya nokuthetha. Akunjalo nje kuphela, kodwa nomngcipheko wosulelo uyanda kakhulu.

Kwi-oral mucositis, ingaphakathi lomlomo liba bomvu, likhazimle, lidumbe, kwaye kuvele izilonda . Ngamanye amaxesha , amabala amhlophe obovu anokubonakala emlonyeni. Abanye abantu banokuziva iintlungu ezincinci, kodwa abanye banokufumana iintlungu ezinganyamezelekiyo. Oogqirha bahlukanise le ntlungu ngokwamanqanaba. Amanqanaba 1 kunye ne-2 aphantsi kakhulu, kodwa amanqanaba 3 kunye ne-4 ziintlungu ezinzima. Kwezi meko zinzima, usenokungakwazi ukutya okanye ukusela, kwaye nonyango lomhlaza lunokufuneka luncitshiswe.

Abanye abantu banokuba ne-gastrointestinal mucositis, kungekuphela nje emlonyeni, kodwa nasemathunjini. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nentlungu yesisu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza . Ukuba ikufutshane nesisu, ezi mpawu zinokubakho. Ukuba kukho ukudumba kwi-colon, unokufumana urhudo okanye iintlungu ngexesha lokuhamba kwamathumbu.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana isifo se-mucositis?

I-Mucositis ikhula kubantu abamalunga nama-50% abafumana i-chemotherapy, kwaye phakathi kwama-80% ukuya kwi-100% yabantu abafumana unyango lwe-radiation okanye ukufakelwa iiseli ze-stem. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu.

Kwakhona, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa okanye ukwenza mandundu le meko ngezizathu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuba utshaya okanye uhlafuna icuba .
• Ukuba usebenzisa utywala kakhulu.
• Ukuba umzimba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni .
• Ukuba kukho ukungabikho kweprotheyini emzimbeni .
• Ukuba i-body mass index yakho (BMI) iphantsi .
• Ukuba unezifakelo zamazinyo okanye usebenzisa amazinyo okufakelwa .
• Ukuba unesifo seentsini .
• Ukuba unesifo sezintso .
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile .
• Ukuba unosulelo lwe-HIV .

Ziziphi iimpawu zeMucositis?

Xa kuvela ukudumba, kudla ngokubangela ububomvu, ubuhlungu, ubushushu, kunye nokudumba . Kunye noku, kunokubonisa iimpawu ezithile kwindawo nganye.

Iimpawu ze-mucositis yomlomo:

• Ingaphakathi lomlomo neentsini liba bomvu, likhazimle, kwaye lidumbe .
• Umlomo owomileyo .
• Amathe atyebile kakhulu .
• Izilonda zomlomo .
• Amabala amhlophe athambileyo obovu .
• Ubunzima bokuginya, ukuthetha, ukutya, nokusela .
• Ukopha .
• Umbala omhlophe wesikhumba esimhlophe emlonyeni.

Iimpawu ze-mucositis yesisu:

• Ububomvu be-mucous membrane (erythematous mucosa) .
• Intlungu zesisu .
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza .
• Urhudo .
• Igazi okanye umhluzi kwindle yakho .
• Ukunyakaza kwamathumbu okubuhlungu .

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili ze-mucositis?

Xa oogqirha bethetha nge-mucositis, badla ngokubhekisa ekuvuvukeni komlomo kunye nomgudu wokugaya ukutya okubangelwa kunyango lomhlaza. Njengoko sele sixoxile, olu nyango luyonakalisa iiseli ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza, kuquka iiseli ezikwi-mucous membranes zethu. Umlomo okanye isisu sinokuchaphazeleka ngale ndlela yimitha ephezulu okanye i-chemotherapy enikwa umzimba wonke, okanye ngonyango oluphantsi olunikwa indawo ethile kuphela.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukudumba kwe-mucous membranes kunokwenzeka nakwezinye iimeko, ezifana nosulelo. Kodwa ke zibizwa ngamanye amagama athile ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ukudumba emlonyeni kuthiwa yi -stomatitis , kwaye ukudumba emlonyeni ngenxa yosulelo kuthiwa yi -gingivostomatitis .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zeMucositis?

Le yinto ekufuneka uyilumkele kancinci.

• Ukungondleki: Intlungu emlonyeni, emqaleni, emqaleni, okanye esiswini inokwenza kube nzima ukutya okanye ukusela. Oku kunokuba nzima nangakumbi kubantu abanomhlaza, abasele beneengxaki zokutya kunye nokunciphisa umzimba. Kubalulekile ukubanika ukutya okunempilo. Malunga nama-70% abantu banokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze banikwe ukutya ngetyhubhu.
• Urhudo olungapheliyo: Ukuba urhudo olungapheliyo, okanye ukuba unegazi kwindle yakho, kunokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele kwaye ujongwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye i-anemia.
• Usulelo: Xa i-mucous membrane yonakele, enye yezona zikhuselo zibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu iyalahleka. Abantu abanomhlaza banenani eliphantsi leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, oko kuthetha ukuba amasosha omzimba abo nawo abuthathaka. Xa kuvela amanxeba ngenxa ye-mucositis, iintsholongwane zingena egazini. Abantu abane-mucositis, abenza i-chemotherapy, kwaye abanenani eliphantsi leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (i-neutropenia) basengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo olukhulu lwegazi (i-septicemia).
• Ukuncipha konyango lomhlaza: Kwiimeko ze-mucositis enzima, abanye abaguli abanomhlaza kufuneka balibazise okanye banciphise unyango lwabo. Lo ngomnye umngcipheko kwimpilo yabo. Kuthiwa ngaphezulu kwama-30% abaguli bayayeka unyango ngenxa yesi simo.

Ifunyanwa njani iMucositis?

I-Mucositis sisiphumo esiqhelekileyo sonyango lomhlaza . Inokuchongwa ngokulula ngokujonga iimpawu zakho, imbali yakho yezonyango, kunye neendawo zokudumba. Ukuba une-mucositis yesisu, jonga iimvavanyo zomfanekiso.Kuya kufuneka ube nayo. Kwakhona, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukujonga ukuba unayo na intsholongwane okanye intsholongwane. Oku kungenziwa ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi .

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lweMucositis?

I-Mucositis idla ngokuziphelela emva kokuba unyango lwakho lomhlaza luphelile. Ukuba usebenzisa i-chemotherapy, i-mucositis iya kuvela kwiveki okanye ezimbini emva kokuqala unyango kwaye iya kuphela kwiveki enye ukuya kwezintandathu. Ukuba usebenzisa unyango lwe-radiation, i-mucositis iya kuvela kwiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuqala unyango kwaye iya kuphela kwiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva kokugqiba unyango. Ixesha elithathayo ukuze uphile linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni imbi kangakanani kwaye uyinyamekela kakuhle kangakanani ukuze ingabi mbi. Ngelixa uphila, uya kufuna oku kulandelayo:

Ulawulo lweentlungu

Intlungu yeyona ngxaki inkulu kwi-mucositis, ingakumbi xa isenzeka emlonyeni. Izinto ezibangela intlungu zisenokungahlali ixesha elide okanye zingafikeleli kuzo zonke iindawo. Kusenokufuneka usebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula intlungu yakho. Usenokufuna ii-mouthwash, ii-pain relievers ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwe-counter, kwanee-opioids ezibhalwe ngugqirha. Musa ukuyinyamezela intlungu. Kufuneka ukwazi ukutya nokusela kakuhle ukuze uphile. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokulawula intlungu ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza.

Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa iintlungu ze-mucositis:

• Ii-anesthetics ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokudakumba: Ezi ziquka izinto ezifana ne-`lidocaine`, `benzocaine`, `dyclonine hydrochloride (HCl)` kunye ne-`Ulcerease® (0.6% phenol)`.
• "I-Magic mouthwash": Lo ngumxube we-`lidocaine`, `diphenhydramine`, kunye ne-`Maalox®`.
• Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala: Umzekelo, i-prednisone.
• "I-cocktail ye-GI": Lo ngumxube we-`Maalox®`, `Nystatin®` kunye ne-`Hurricane Liquid®`.
• I-Acetaminophen: Ifana ne-`Tylenol®`.
• Amayeza entlungu asetyenziswa ngugqirha: La mayeza afanele athathwe kunye nezinto ezithambisa isitulo ukuthintela ukuqhina.

Ukhathalelo lomlomo

Xa une-oral mucositis, kufuneka uyikhathalele ngokukodwa umlomo wakho. Oku akupheleli nje ekunciphiseni iintlungu, kodwa kunokuyikhusela ekonakaleni nasekwesulelekeni. Nezinto ezilula ezifana nokutya, ukuthetha, nokuginya zingonakalisa i-mucous membranes yakho ebuthathaka. Oku kuthetha ukukhetha ukutya okuthambileyo kunye nezinto ezinokugcina umlomo wakho umanzi kwaye ukhuselekile. Ekubeni i-mucous membranes yakho ebuthathaka isengozini yosulelo, ucoceko nalo lubaluleke kakhulu .

Unyango lwe-oral mucositis:

• Hlamba amazinyo akho ngakumbi – kodwa ngobunono: Ubuncinane izihlandlo ezithathu ukuya kwezine ngemini. Sebenzisa ibhrashi yamazinyo ethambileyo kunye ne-fluoride toothpaste ethambileyo. Ziphephe izinto zokwenza mhlophe. Ukuba i-toothpaste iyakucaphukisa umlomo, sebenzisa ityuwa kunye ne-baking soda paste. Hlamba ngobunono . Coca amazinyo okufakelwa yonke imihla.
• Ukuhlamba umlomo: Hlamba umlomo wakho ngamanzi anetyuwa okanye isisombululo setyuwa kunye ne-baking soda kahlanu ukuya kwesithandathu ngemini. Le yeyona ndlela ilula nesebenzayo yokucoca izilonda zomlomo nokubulala iintsholongwane. Ungasebenzisa nee-antiseptic zokuhlamba umlomo ezingenatywala.
• Ukutya: Ukutya kwakho kufuneka kube mnandi kwaye kungabi nazinongo kangako . Kuphephe ukutya okune-asidi, okunezinongo nokuqhoqhoqho. Kuphephe iswekile kunye notywala. Oku kungonakalisa ulwelwesi kwaye kukhuthaze ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunye neefungi. Iiprotein shakes zilungile ukonyusa izondlo kunye nokufuma.
• Ukufunxa amanzi: Kusenokufuneka usele ulwelo oluninzi ukuze ubuyisele umlomo wakho owomileyo kunye nokufuma okuncinci kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya. Usenokufuna ukuzama imveliso yamathe eyenziweyo esekwe kwi-enzyme efana ne-Oral Balance®. Abanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba ukufunxa ii-ice chips kunceda ekufumiseni nasekuthomalaliseni umlomo wabo. Usenokufuna nokukhusela imilebe yakho ngokufaka ii-lip balms.

Ukunyanga iingxaki

Ukuba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu, ungondlekanga, okanye usuleleko, unokufuna:

• Isondlo sokutya
• Ukunika i-saline (i-IV fluids)
• Ii-antibiotics

Ndifanele nditye ntoni kwaye ndisele ntoni de i-mucositis iphole?

Izinto ezilungileyo zokutya:

• Ukutya okuneproteni eninzi
• Iishakes zesondlo
• Ukutya okuthambileyo
• Iipopsicles ezingenaswekile

Izinto ekungafanele zityiwe:

• Ukutya okunongwe
• Ukutya okune-asidi
• Ukutya okunamafutha okanye okuqhotsiweyo
• Ukutya okuneswekile eninzi

Izinto ezilungileyo zokusela:

• Iti yeChamomile
• Amanzi amaninzi

Izinto ezingalunganga ukusela:

• Iziselo ezinekhabhoni
• Utywala

Ngaba iMucositis ingathintelwa?

Okwangoku akukho nto ingako sinokuyenza ukuthintela i-mucositis kunyango lomhlaza, kodwa oogqirha bayaphanda ngayo. Amayeza amaninzi avavanywayo okwangoku anokunceda ukunciphisa ubukhali kunye nobude besi simo kwabanye abantu. Amanye awo aquka:

• Unyango lweCryotherapy: Ukumunca iityhubhu zomkhenkce ngaphambi nangexesha lonyango lwe-chemotherapy kunokunceda ukukhusela kwi-oral mucositis.
• I-Palifermin: Olu luhlobo lokwenziwa lwento eveliswa yimizimba yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). I-KGF isebenza ukukhusela nokulungisa iiseli emlonyeni nakwindlela yokugaya ukutya. Ibonakalisiwe ukuba iyanceda ekunciphiseni ubukhali kunye nobude be-mucositis kubantu abanomhlaza wegazi kunye nabo baye bafakelwa i-bone marrow okanye i-stem cell transplants.
• Izinto ezisetyenziswa xa kufikwa emathunjini: I-Gelclair® kunye ne-Zilactin® zibonakalise ukuba ziyayinciphisa i-oral mucositis ngokuyigquma kwaye ikhusele i-mucosa ngaphambi konyango lwe-radiation.
• I-Amifostine: Eli yeza linokunciphisa ubukhali be-oral mucositis kubantu abafumana unyango lwe-radiation entloko nasentanyeni. Nangona kunjalo, isicaphucaphu sinokuba yimiphumo emibi.

Ukuba ndinayo le meko, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Oku kudla ngokuziphelela emva kokuba unyango lwakho lomhlaza lugqityiwe, kodwa kungathatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu. Kusenokufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintlungu achazwe ngugqirha wakho ukuze akuncede uhlangabezane nalo mbandela ngeli xesha. Ukukhathalela umlomo wakho ngakumbi nokuwugcina ucocekile ukuthintela usulelo kunokunceda uphole ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unesifo okanye unengxaki yokutya okanye yokusela, qiniseka ukuba ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ubona ezi mpawu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko:

• Xa kuvela iimpawu zokuqala ze-mucositis .
• Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo, njengomkhuhlane .
• Ukuba unengxaki yokutya nokusela .
• Ukuba unciphisa umzimba .
• Ukuba unesifo sorhudo esingapheliyo .
• Ukuba uphuma igazi rhoqo emlonyeni wakho okanye ngendle yakho.

I-Mucositis yenye yezona ziphumo zixhaphakileyo nezinzima zonyango lomhlaza. Ukuba inzima kangakanani ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka impilo yakho iyonke, uhlobo lonyango olufumanayo, kunye nendlela ozinyamekela ngayo emva konyango.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Mucositis yeyokwexeshana, kodwa akufuneki ibe ngumthwalo, kwaye kukho uncedo olufumanekayo. Iiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala emva konyango lwakho lomhlaza zibalulekile ekuchacheni kwakho. Kukho umngcipheko wokondleka okanye usulelo ngeli xesha. Ukuzinyamekela kunye nonyango kubalulekile xa une-mucositis. Ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye ufumane uncedo olufunayo. Awuwedwa!

I- Mucositis, unyango lomhlaza, izilonda zomlomo, ukudumba kwesisu, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zechemotherapy, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lwemitha, unyango lomlomo