Umele ukuba woyika kakhulu xa ugqirha ekuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci unesiphene sentliziyo azalwa naso. Emva koko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba bakuxelele ukuba kuya kufuneka inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-septostomy ukuze kusindiswe ubomi bomntwana wakho. Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile kwaye udidekile xa usiva la mazwi. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni, kutheni yenziwa, kwaye yenziwa njani ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-septostomy?
Ngamafutshane, i-septostomy yinkqubo ekhethekileyo enceda iintsana ezineengxaki ezithile zentliziyo ezizelwe nazo ukuba ziphile zide zilungele utyando olukhulu ukulungisa imeko. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-'Balloon Atrial Septostomy'.
Khawucinge nje, kukho udonga oluncinci phakathi kwamagumbi amabini aphezulu entliziyo yethu (i-atria). Kolu nyango, umngxuma omncinci okhoyo ngokwemvelo kolo donga wenziwa ube mkhulu kancinci kusetyenziswa into efana nebhaluni.
Olu asilotyando olukhulu lwentliziyo . Lwenziwa njengesisombululo sexeshana sokugcina umntwana ephila ngelixa elungiselelwa utyando olukhulu.
Xa lo mngxuma ukhula, igazi elineoksijini engaphezulu (igazi elilungileyo) kunye negazi elineoksijini encinci (igazi elibi) ziqala ukudibana. Emva koko, elinye lala gazi lixutyiweyo lihamba emzimbeni womntwana. Ngaphandle koko, ligazi elingenaoksijini kuphela elihamba emzimbeni womntwana, nto leyo eyingozi kakhulu ebomini bakhe.
Luhlobo luni losana oludinga olu nyango?
Abanye abantwana bazalwa beneziphene ezithile zentliziyo. Ngenxa yezi ziphene, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo emzimbeni aliyi emiphungeni kwaye alicocwa. Emva koko izicubu zomntwana azifumani umoya-mpilo aziwufunayo. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-'cyanosis'. Usenokuba ukhe wabona ezinye iintsana ezinesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lelo luphawu oluphambili lwale nto. Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza.
Le nkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-septostomy, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintlobo ezimbini zesifo sentliziyo.
| Imeko yentliziyo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| d-Ukuguqulwa kweMithambo Emikhulu (d-TGA) | Okwenzekayo koku kukuba imithambo yegazi emibini ephambili ethwala igazi entliziyweni (i-aorta kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary) iyatshintshwa. Kufana neendlela ezimbini eziphambili ezitshintshwayo. Ngenxa yoko, igazi elineoksijini libuyela emiphungeni, kwaye igazi elingenaoksijini lihamba emzimbeni wonke. |
| I-Tricuspid Atresia | Kwimeko enjalo, ivalvu kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo (ivalvu ye-tricuspid) ayenziwanga kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, igazi alikwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kwigumbi eliphezulu lentliziyo ukuya kwigumbi elisezantsi, indlela iyavalwa. |
Yintoni le 'mngxuma wendalo' obizwa ngokuba yiForamen Ovale?
Le yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Xa esesibelekweni, umntwana ngamnye unesithuba esincinci eludongeni (septum) phakathi kwamacala asekunene nasekhohlo entliziyo yakhe. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-foramen ovale.
Xa besesibelekweni, iintsana aziphefumli ngemiphunga yazo. Zifumana ioksijini yazo kwi-placenta kamama, ngentambo yesisu. Eli gazi linooksijini livela kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo yomntwana, lihamba ngqo kuloo mngxuma liye kwicala lasekhohlo. Ukusuka apho, lihamba emzimbeni wonke. Oko kuthetha ukuba xa besesibelekweni, igazi aliyi emiphungeni.
Nangona kunjalo, kwangoko nje ukuba umntwana abelekwe, imiphunga iqala ukusebenza. Emva koko akukho mfuneko yaloo mngxuma. Ngoko ke, umngxuma uvaleka ngokwendalo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa.
Ngoko ke, kumntwana onesifo sentliziyo esikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, eyona ngxaki inkulu kukuba xa lo mngxuma uvaleka. Kuba, lo gama nje loo mngxuma ukhona, igazi elithile elineoksijini lixubana negazi elingenaoksijini lize lingene emzimbeni. Xa nje livaleka, loo ndlela iyalahleka kwaye umntwana akafumani oksijini eyaneleyo. Oko kwenziwa yi-septostomy kukuvula loo mngxuma uvalayo okanye uvaliweyo kwakhona uze uwenze ube mkhulu kancinci.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, nangona umngxuma entliziyweni udla ngokuba sisifo, kwimeko ekhethekileyo efana nale, loo mngxuma yiyo esindisa ubomi bomntwana .
I-septostomy yenziwa njani?
Oku kwenziwa kwigumbi elikhethekileyo kwiyunithi yentliziyo yesibhedlele (ilabhoratri ye-catheterization) okanye kwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu lweentsana ezisandula ukuzalwa (i-NICU). Kwenziwa yingcali yentliziyo efumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo koku.
1. Ukulungiselela: Umntwana unikwa amayeza afunekayo ukuze azole kwaye angabi nantlungu.
2. Ukufaka i-catheter: Ngokwesiqhelo, kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci ukugqobhoza umthambo omkhulu wegazi kwimiqolo yomntwana, kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo (i-catheter). Le tyhubhu inebhaluni encinci ekupheleni. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenziwa ngetyhubhu ekwintambo yesisu.
3. Ukuya entliziyweni: Ugqirha ujonga umatshini wokuskena, ofana ne-'echocardiogram', aze aqondise ngononophelo ityhubhu ngemithambo yegazi ukuya entliziyweni.
4. Ukwandisa umngxuma:Ityhubhu ingena kwi-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo, ize isuke apho ifakwe kwi-atrium yasekhohlo nge-foramen ovale. Emva koko, ibhaluni ekupheleni kwetyhubhu iyavuthelwa ize itsalwe ibuyele kwicala lasekunene. Emva koko umngxuma uyanwebeka kwaye ube mkhulu.
5. Isiphelo: Xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe, susa umoya kwibhaluni uze uyisuse ngononophelo ityhubhu.
Le nkqubo yonke idla ngokuthatha ngaphantsi kweyure.
Uyazi njani ukuba oku kuyaphumelela? Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi?
Oogqirha bagqiba ekubeni unyango luphumelele na ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nezi:
- Inqanaba leoksijini egazini lomntwana linyuka ubuncinane nge-10% xa kuthelekiswa nangaphambili.
- Umngxuma osentliziyweni uba mkhulu ubuncinane ngesinye kwisithathu kunangaphambili.
- Umahluko omkhulu kuxinzelelo lwegazi phakathi kwe-atria yasekunene neyasekhohlo yentliziyo uyanyamalala.
Eyona nzuzo iphambili kukuba oku kusindisa ubomi bomntwana. Umntwana ongenakufumana ioksijini nangayiphi na indlela unethuba lokusinda de kube lutyando olukhulu.
Ukuthetha ngeengozi , kukho iingozi kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yezonyango. Ingakumbi kwiintsana ezineengxaki zentliziyo ezinje, nantoni na iyingozi. Ezinye izifundo zifumene unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka phakathi kolu nyango kunye nestroke, kodwa ayikaqinisekiswa ngokuqinisekileyo. Mhlawumbi ingozi ayibangelwa lunyango ngokwalo, kodwa ibangelwa kukunqongophala kweoksijini emzimbeni ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umngcipheko wokungafumani olu nyango mkhulu kakhulu kunomngcipheko wokulwenza . Ukuba umntwana onesifo sentliziyo esifana nesi akanyangwa ngokukhawuleza, kunzima kakhulu ukusindisa ubomi bakhe.
Ikamva lomntwana linjani emva konyango?
Ipesenti ephezulu kakhulu yeentsana ezifakelwa i-septostomy, i-94%, zigqibezela ngempumelelo inkqubo. Emva koko, kwenziwa utyando olukhulu (umz., utyando lokutshintsha imithambo yegazi) ukulungisa isiphene sentliziyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Izinga lempumelelo yolu tyando liphezulu kakhulu okwangoku, kwi-97-98%.
Nokuba emva kotyando, umntwana wakho uya kufuna unyango oluqhubekayo. Kuya kufuneka uhlale ulandela amadinga kagqirha wakho, uhlolwe, kwaye uthathe amayeza. Umntwana ngamnye wahlukile, ngoko ugqirha wakho unokukunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nenkqubela yomntwana wakho.
Ndiyayiqonda indlela ovakalelwa ngayo luloyiko noxhalaba xa kufuneka wenze into efana nale kumntwana wakho. Kodwa khumbula, isayensi yezonyango iphucuke kakhulu namhlanje. Kukho iqela loogqirha nabahlengikazi abanezakhono zokunyamekela umntwana wakho. Ungoyiki ukubabuza nayiphi na imibuzo okanye amathandabuzo onawo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Septostomy lunyango olusindisa ubomi olunceda iintsana ezinesifo sentliziyo esizelwe naso ukuba ziphile de kwenziwe utyando olukhulu.
- Olu asilotyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo.
- Oku kuquka ukwandisa umngxuma owenzeka ngokwendalo entliziyweni (i-foramen ovale) ngebhaluni, ukuvumela igazi elineoksijini nelingenaoksijini ukuba lixubane.
- Impumelelo nokhuseleko lolu nyango luphezulu kakhulu.
- Thetha neqela lezonyango elinyanga umntwana wakho malunga nazo naziphi na iingxaki okanye amathandabuzo onokuba nawo. Bahlala bekulungele ukukunceda.
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