Ngaba wakha weva umntu esithi, "Igazi liyanamathela"? Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Cinga ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu njengenkqubo yemibhobho. Ukuba ihlwili, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'thrombus', lenzaka kwaye linamathele naphi na kule mibhobho, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyo kuyema ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kumthambo omkhulu ohambisa igazi engqondweni, entliziyweni, okanye engalweni okanye emlenzeni, elo lungu lingonakala, mhlawumbi lide libe yingozi kubomi. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo enjalo, siza kuthetha ngonyango olubaluleke kakhulu olunokusindisa ubomi namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iThrombectomy?
Utyando lweThrombectomy yinkqubo yokususa ihlwili legazi elinamathele ngaphakathi kwenye yemithambo yethu yegazi (imithambo okanye imithambo) ngotyando okanye inkqubo ekhethekileyo efanayo. Kufana nokususa iqhekeza lodaka elinamathele kumbhobho wamanzi uze uvumele amanzi ukuba aphinde aphume.
La mahlwili egazi anokwakheka kwiindawo ezininzi emizimbeni yethu. Afumaneka kakhulu emilenzeni, ezingalweni, emathunjini, ebuchotsheni, emiphungeni, nasentliziyweni. Ngamanye amaxesha la mahlwili egazi kufuneka asuswe ngokukhawuleza, kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle koko, anokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwisitho esichaphazelekayo okanye abe yingozi ebomini.
Ngubani ngokwenene odinga olu nyango?
Ngokwesiqhelo, xa kuvela ihlwili legazi, kukho amayeza anikwayo ukuze alinyibilikise. Siwabiza ngokuba yi-'anticoagulants' (izinto ezinciphisa igazi) kunye ne-'thrombolytics' (imithi yokunyibilikisa ihlwili legazi). Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, la mayeza ewodwa awakwazi ukususa ihlwili legazi, okanye kukho iimeko apho amayeza engekhoyo. Kulapho oogqirha bagqiba khona ukwenza i-Thrombectomy.
Olu nyango lufuneka kakhulu kwi:
- Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokwenzakala ebomini .
- Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuba igazi liqhekeke kwindawo yalo yokuqala lize lihambe ngegazi liye kuhlala kwenye indawo emzimbeni (umzekelo, emiphungeni) (i-`embolus`).
- Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokonakala okusisigxina kwisitho okanye kwizicubu ezifanelekileyo.
Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekubuyiseleni ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba kwegazi engqondweni okanye entliziyweni, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifana nestroke kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
Kukweziphi iimeko apho i-thrombectomy ingenziwa?
Olu nyango alwenziwa kuzo zonke iihlwili zegazi. Kwezinye iimeko, kukho izizathu zokuba oku kungenziwa okanye kungafanele kwenziwe. Makhe sibone ukuba zithini.
| Izizathu zokungakwenzi i-thrombectomy | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokufikelela kwindawo apho igazi liqhekeke khona | Eminye imithambo yegazi ikwiindawo ezinzulu kakhulu nezintsonkothileyo. Kunzima ukufaka izixhobo kwindawo enjalo. |
| Ukuba nehlwili kumthambo wegazi omncinci kakhulu | Izixhobo azinakufakwa kwimithambo emincinci kakhulu. Zingonakala. |
| Iyanyangeka ngamayeza | Ukuba ingalawulwa ngezithambisi-gazi ezinciphisa igazi, akukho mngcipheko wotyando. |
| Ukuba neengxaki zokugalela igazi | Abanye abantu baneengxaki zegazi abazalwa nazo, kwaye utyando lunokuba yingozi kubo. |
| Ukuba nokopha engqondweni (Intracranial Hemorrhage) | Ukuba sele kukho ukopha engqondweni, ukwenza olu hlobo lotyando kunokuyenza imeko ibe mandundu ngakumbi. |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo | Iingozi ziphezulu xa kusenziwa utyando olunoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu. |
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokususa la mahlwili egazi?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza i-thrombectomy. Kufana nokwenza umngxuma omkhulu wokwakha indlela, okanye ukugrumba umngxuma omncinci uze uwulungise ngaphakathi.
1. Utyando oluvulekileyo (Utyando lotyando/Utyando lwe-Thrombectomy oluvulekileyo)
Kule nkqubo, ugqirha usika ulusu phezu komthambo onegazi eliqhekekileyo, avule umthambo kancinci, afake isixhobo esikhethekileyo esifana nebhaluni (i-'balloon catheter') aze akhuphe igazi eliqhekekileyo. Emva koko umthambo uthungwa ngononophelo udityaniswe kwaye ulusu luvalwe. Le yindlela yendabuko.
2. I-Percutaneous / I-Invasive Thrombectomy encinci
Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu nephucukileyo ngoku. Akukho sithuba sikhulu. Endaweni yoko, kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci kumthambo wegazi engalweni okanye emlenzeni, kwaye kufakwa umbhobho omncinci (i-catheter) ngayo.
Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufota njenge-X-reyi, le tube ikhokelwa kwindawo apho igazi liqhekeke khona. Emva koko, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zidluliselwa kule tube,
- Ihlwili legazi lingaqhekeka libe ziingceba ezincinci lize linyibilike (`macerated`).
- Okanye, ihlwili legazi lingatsalwa, njengakwi-vacuum cleaner (`Aspiration Thrombectomy`).
Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu kuba akukho monakalo mkhulu, ngoko ke isigulana sinokuphila ngokukhawuleza.
Zeziphi iimeko ezinokunyangwa ngolu nyango?
Olu nyango, olubizwa ngokuba yi-thrombectomy, lusetyenziselwa iimeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zonyango.
- I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Amahlwili egazi, ikakhulu kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze.
- Istroke: Ihlwili legazi livala umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni.
- I-Myocardial Infarction: Ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yentliziyo ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
- I-Pulmonary Embolism: Ihlwili legazi elenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni liyaqhekeka lize lihlale emthanjeni osemaphashini.
- I-Acute Limb Ischemia: Ukulahleka ngequbuliso kwegazi elingalweni okanye emlenzeni.
- Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emathunjini (`Mesenteric Ischemia`) okanye kwizintso (`Renal Artery Occlusion`).
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nasemva konyango?
Ngaphambi konyango
Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenziwa njengenkqubo engxamisekileyo, ngoko ke akukho xesha lokulungiselela. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-thrombectomy ecwangcisiweyo, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba:
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-ultrasound, i-MRI, okanye i-CT scan ingayalelwa ukufumanisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nendawo apho igazi liqhekeka khona.
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, kucetyiswa ukuba uyeke ngaphambi kotyando.
- Ulwazi ngamayeza: Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo (kuquka amayeza okunciphisa igazi, amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu, kunye neevithamini). Amanye amayeza anokufuneka amiswe ngaphambi kotyando.
Emva konyango
Emva konyango, uza kuthathwa uye kwigumbi lokujonga uze ujongwe de imeko yakho ihlale izinzile. Abanye abantu banokugoduka ngaloo mini inye. Abanye banokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni ihlwili legazi likuphi kunye nohlobo lonyango olunikiweyo.
Emva kokubuyela ekhaya,
- Inika iingcebiso zendlela yokugcina inxeba licocekile.
- Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokuthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi ukuze uthintele ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi kwakhona.
- Usenokuxelelwa ukuba unxibe iikawusi ezikhethekileyo (iikawusi zokucinezela) emilenzeni yakho.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi?
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lwezonyango, olu lunezibonelelo kunye neengozi.
| Iinzuzo | Iingozi |
|---|---|
| Ukukwazi ukusindisa ubomi. | Ukopha. |
| Ukunciphisa umonakalo osisigxina kwizitho zomzimba. | Ukonakala komthambo wegazi. |
| Ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka kwimeko efana nestroke. | Usulelo lwenxeba. |
| Ukususa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yingalo okanye umlenze. | Ukuphinda kwenzeke kwehlwili legazi. |
| Buyisela ngokukhawuleza ukujikeleza kwegazi. | Ihlwili liyaphuma lize lihlale emiphungeni (Pulmonary Embolism). |
Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo emva konyango lwakho, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (i-ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ukopha okanye ubomvu obuphuma enxebeni.
- Intlungu esifubeni okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ifiva .
- Isiyezi esinzima okanye ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu.
- Ukudideka okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu, ukudumba , okanye ukuba ndindisholo kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni.
Musa ukuzityeshela ezi mpawu. Zisenokuba luphawu lwenye ingxaki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Thrombectomy lunyango olusindisa ubomi olususa ihlwili legazi eliyingozi elibambeke kwimithambo yegazi kwaye lubuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Kukho utyando oluvulelekileyo kunye neendlela eziphambili ezisebenzisa i-catheter zoku.
- Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye ne-DVT.
- Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho kanye njengoko eyalelwe ukuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi kwakhona emva konyango.
- Yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ngazo naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezenzekayo emva konyango.
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