Ngaba nawe uva iintlungu eziqatha emilenzeni yakho, ingakumbi xa uhamba umgama omfutshane? Ngaba iintlungu ziyaphela xa uhleli ixesha elithile uze uphinde uhambe? Okanye ngaba uva ukuba nemilenze ingenamsebenzi, ukubanda emilenzeni yakho, okanye ukuziva ngathi nenxeba elincinci lithatha ixesha elide ukuphola? Ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zokuvaleka kwenkqubo yegazi yomzimba wakho, ingakumbi kwimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emilenzeni yakho. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngesisombululo esitshintsha ubomi kwiimeko ezinjalo, utyando 'lokudlula'.
Okokuqala, masibone ukuba siyintoni isifo semithambo yegazi.
Ngamafutshane, le yingxaki kwinkqubo yemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Umzimba wethu unenethiwekhi yemithambo ethwala igazi kwiikona zonke. Njengenkqubo yemibhobho ehambisa amanzi endlwini yethu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zemithambo. Imithambo ethwala igazi elicocekileyo (elinooksijini kunye nezondlo) ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke ibizwa ngokuba yimithambo . Imithambo ethwala igazi elingcolileyo ukusuka emzimbeni ukuya entliziyweni ibizwa ngokuba yimithambo .
Kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Vascular Disease', izinto ezifana neoyile kunye ne-cholesterol ziyaqokelelana ngaphakathi kweendonga zale mithambo yegazi, njengomhlwa oqokelelana kumbhobho wamanzi, kwaye ukuhamba kwegazi kuyancipha kancinci kancinci. Ngokwezonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -'Peripheral Artery Disease' (PAD) . Xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuncipha ngolu hlobo, amalungu akude nentliziyo, ingakumbi imilenze, awafumani ioksijini kunye nezondlo azidingayo. Yiyo loo nto iimpawu ezifana nentlungu kunye nokungaziva mnandi zivela xa uhamba.
Khawucinge nje, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umntu ebenokunyathela umbhobho onkcenkceshela imithi emyezweni wakho? Amanzi aphuma ekupheleni kombhobho ebeya kuncipha, akunjalo? Kwenzeka into efanayo kwimithambo yegazi emilenzeni yethu.
Ngoko ke yintoni utyando lwe-bypass?
Kulungile, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba yintoni i-artery evalekileyo. Igama elithi 'Bypass' lithetha ukudala enye indlela yale artery evalekileyo.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba kukho izithuthi ezininzi kwiColombo-City Road, kwaye izithuthi azikwazi ukuhamba. Urhulumente wenza ntoni ke ngoko? Bakha indlela entsha yokuhamba ukuze badlule kuloo ndlela yokuhamba, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, ugqirha otyandayo usebenzisa umthambo wegazi omtsha okanye ityhubhu yokwenziwa ukuze adlule umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo, edala indlela entsha yokuba igazi lihambe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Le ndlela intsha sayibiza ngokuba yi -'graft' . Le 'graft' isetyenziswa njenge:
1. Umthambo ovela kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho: Umthambo oqhelekileyo osetyenziswayo yi-saphenous vein, efumaneka phantsi kolusu lomlenze. Ngamanye amaxesha, umthambo osengalweni nawo ungasetyenziswa. Olu lolona khetho lubalaseleyo.
2. Umbhobho owenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngokwenziwa:Kwimeko apho umthambo ungafikeleleki emzimbeni wakho, ingakumbi ukuba umthambo wegazi oza kugqithwa mkhulu kakhulu (umzekelo, i-aorta esiswini sakho), kusetyenziswa ityhubhu yokwenziwa efana nale.
Injongo ephambili yolu tyando kukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni, ukunciphisa iintlungu, ukuphilisa amanxeba, kwaye, kwimeko embi kakhulu, kukusindise kwingozi yokunqunyulwa kwelungu.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zotyando lwe-bypass?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyando lwe-bypass. Ezi zibizwa ngokwendawo apho umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo kunye nomthambo omtsha zidibene khona. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ezenziwayo kwilizwe lethu.
| Uhlobo lotyando | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? |
|---|---|
| I-Aortobifemoral Bypass | Oku kuquka ukudala indlela entsha ukusuka kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-aorta esiswini ukuya kwimithambo emibini ephambili ethwala igazi ukuya emilenzeni (imithambo ye-femoral). Imilo yale graft ifana no-'Y' ojonge phezulu. |
| I-Femoral-Popliteal Bypass (i-Fem-Pop) | Oku kuquka ukubeka i-bypass esuka kwi-femoral artery e-groin iye kwi-popliteal artery ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwedolo. Olu lolona tyando luqhelekileyo olwenziwa kwi-valekile arteries emilenzeni. |
| I-Femoral-Tibial Bypass | Kule ndlela, kuveliswa indlela entsha ukusuka kwi-iliac artery ukuya kwi-tibial arteries, ezifumaneka ngaphantsi kwedolo. Olu tyando lwenziwa xa ukuvaleka kungaphantsi kakhulu. |
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka zenziwe ngaphambi kotyando?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ngaphambi kokuba acebe utyando. Oku kuya kubanceda baqonde ngqo ukuba iphi kwaye ingakanani na imithambo yegazi evalekileyo.
- Isalathisi se-Ankle-Brachial (ABI):Olu luvavanyo olulula kakhulu. Balinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho eqatheni lakho nasengalweni (brachial) baze bathelekise la maxabiso mabini. Ukuba uxinzelelo emlenzeni wakho luphantsi kakhulu kunoxinzelelo olungalweni yakho, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka okuthile ekuhambeni kwegazi emlenzeni wakho.
- I-Vascular Ultrasound: Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu, olufana nolwenziwa xa unomntwana. Lungabona ngokucacileyo indlela igazi elihamba ngayo emithanjeni yegazi, nokuba kukho na amahlwili egazi, kwaye apho avalekileyo khona.
- Ezinye iimvavanyo: Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni ahlole imeko yentliziyo yakho. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi abaneengxaki ngemithambo yegazi emilenzeni banokuba neengxaki ngemithambo yegazi esentliziyweni yabo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngomhla wotyando?
Olu tyando lwenziwa esibhedlele, kwigumbi lotyando. Akukho nto unokoyika kuyo. Oogqirha kunye nabasebenzi bonyango baza kukunyamekela kakuhle.
1. I-Anesthesia: Okokuqala, ingcali ye-anesthesia iza kukuhlola ize ikunike amayeza afunekayo ukuze uhlale ulele ubuthongo obunzulu kulo lonke utyando. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'General Anesthesia' .
2. Utyando: Emva kokuba ulele, ugqirha wenza imicu embalwa eluswini lwakho ukuze afikelele kwimithambo yegazi ekuthethwa ngayo. Indawo kunye nobukhulu bale micu buya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-bypass oyenzayo.
3. Ukudibanisa i-bypass: Okulandelayo, ugqirha uthatha 'i-graft' ekhethiweyo (nokuba ngumthambo wakho okanye ityhubhu yokwenziwa) aze ayidibanise nomthambo ophilileyo ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kokuvaleka esebenzisa izititshi ezincinci kakhulu.
4. Ukuvala amanxeba: Emva kokuba kwenziwe indlela entsha, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyajongwa kwaye amanxeba enziwe eluswini ayavalwa kwakhona ngemithungo.
Le nkqubo yonke idla ngokuthatha iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu , kuxhomekeke ekubeni lunzima kangakanani na utyando lwe-bypass olwenzayo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kolu tyando?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngozi zingancitshiswa phantsi kweliso leqela lezonyango elinobuchule. Umngcipheko weengxaki uphezulu kancinci, ingakumbi kubantu abaneengxaki zempilo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, kunye/okanye isifo seswekile.
| Iingxaki eziphambili ezinokubakho | |
|---|---|
| Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-graft ye-bypass | Amahlwili egazi anokwakheka ngaphakathi kwendlela esandula ukwakhiwa aze aphinde abambeke. |
| Ukopha ngenxa yokusikeka | Emva kotyando, izithungo zinokopha. |
| Iintsholongwane | Iintsholongwane zingangena kwimicu okanye kwimixokelelwane esandul’ ukufakwa. |
| Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo | Kusenokubakho ukungakhululeki okanye ubuthathaka emlenzeni. |
| Ezinye iingxaki | Iimeko ezinje ngokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye inyumoniya. |
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Linjani ixesha lokuchacha?
Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngeli xesha:
- Uza kunikwa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu.
- Kuya kunikwa amayeza okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwi-graft entsha.
- Abasebenzi bonyango baza kucoca baze banakekele kakuhle amanxeba akho.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphuma ebhedini uze uqale ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokuba nzima kancinci ekuqaleni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhamba kancinci, njengoko ugqirha wakho kunye nengcali ye-physiotherapist ecebisa. Oku kuya kuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi kwaye kukuncede uphile ngokukhawuleza.
Nokuba sele ubuyele ekhaya, kuya kufuneka ubuyele kancinci kancinci kwindlela yakho yesiqhelo. Kusenokufuneka uyeke ukuphakamisa iintsimbi ezinzima nokwenza imisebenzi enzima okwethutyana.
Olu tyando lusombulule 'indlela ehambileyo' kwimithambo yegazi yakho. Kodwa, ungalibali, unobangela wesi sifo (iPeripheral Artery Disease - PAD) usesemzimbeni wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba eli lithuba lakho lesibini.
Ukuze i-graft ihlale isempilweni ixesha elide, kuya kufuneka utshintshe indlela yakho yokuphila.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka namhlanje: Ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-graft.
- Lawula isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye ne-cholesterol: Sela amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: nciphisa ioyile, ityuwa, kunye neswekile. Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno eyomileyo.
- Ukuzilolonga njengoko uyalelwe ngugqirha wakho: Nokuba kukuzilolonga okulula njengokuhamba yonke imihla kuyanceda kakhulu.
- Yiya kwiikliniki ngexesha: Dibana nogqirha wakho kwaye ujonge imeko yesi sixhobo rhoqo.
Ndifanele ndiphinde ndimbone ugqirha kwakhona?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na ezi mpawu zilandelayo emva kotyando, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
| Ukuba ubona utshintsho olunje emlenzeni wakho... | |
|---|---|
| - Intlungu enganyamezelekiyo | - Imilenze ebandayo, engwevu, okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka |
| - Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukuphelelwa yimvakalelo | - Ukuba izilonda zemilenze ziyanda okanye kuvela izilonda ezintsha |
| Ukuba kuvela ezinye iingxaki... | |
| - Ifiva | - Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza |
| - Ububomvu kunye nobushushu obujikeleze imingxunya | - Ulwelo olufana nobovu oluphuma emanxebeni |
Ukuba ufumana iintlungu zesifuba ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye iintlungu zemilenze ngequbuliso, eziqatha ezihamba nemilenze ebandayo nengwevu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo elikufutshane (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lweVascular Bypass luyinkqubo esindisa ubomi edlula umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo kwaye idale indlela entsha yokuhamba kwegazi.
- Oku kunokunciphisa iintlungu zomlenze kwaye kukusindise kwingozi yokunqunyulwa komlenze.
- Ukuze utyando luphumelele, kubalulekile ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo emva kotyando. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya.
- Gcina isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye ne-cholesterol zilawulwa.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga emva kotyando, musa ukoyika kwaye yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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