Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angakutshela ukuthi, "Udinga ukuhlinzwa esiswini." Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uzwa lokho. Igama lezokwelapha lalolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa, oluhlanganisa ukuvula isisu, lithi "laparotomy." Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane, ngendlela ezokwenza zonke izinkathazo zakho ziphele.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-laparotomy?
I-laparotomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa evula umgodi wesisu sakho, okuyilapho izitho zakho zesisu zitholakala khona. Cabanga ngakho njengokuvula i-hood yemoto ukuhlola injini ukuze ubone ukuthi yini engalungile. Odokotela benza le nqubo ukuze bahlole ngqo izitho ezingaphakathi kwesisu sakho.
Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Njengokuhlinzwa kokuhlola: Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nama-scan awakwazi ukuthola imbangela yobuhlungu besisu sakho noma ukopha ngaphakathi esiswini sakho. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela benza lokhu kuhlinzwa ukuze bathole ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela ngaphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, kungase kuthathwe ingcezu encane yezicubu (i-biopsy) ukuze ihlolwe.
2. Njengokuhlinzwa kokwelapha: Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kwelashwe isimo sezokwelapha. Isibonelo, kungadingeka ukususa i-appendix ephukile, ukususa isimila somdlavuza, noma ukususa isitho sonke.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlinzwa okuqala njengenqubo yokuhlola kungaphenduka ukuhlinzwa okwelaphayo ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola inkinga. Okusho ukuthi, inkinga iyatholakala bese kunikezwa ikhambi khona lapho.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Laparotomy ne-Laparoscopy?
Cishe uke wezwa "ngokuhlinzwa kwe-keyhole." Yilokho okushiwo yi-laparoscopy. Nakuba zombili lezi zindlela zisetshenziswa ukubheka ngaphakathi esiswini, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. Ake sikuqonde kahle lokho.
| Isici | I-Laparotomy (ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile) | I-Laparoscopy (ukuhlinzwa kwe-keyhole) |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusika ngokuhlinzwa | Kwenziwa ukusika okude nokukhulu esiswini. | Kutholakala izimbobo ezimbalwa ezincane kakhulu ("imigodi yokhiye"). |
| Umbono | Udokotela angabona izitho ngqo ngamehlo akhe. | Kufakwa ikhamera (i-laparoscope) bese izitho zomzimba zibukwa esikrinini. |
| Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa | Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukululama. Kufanele uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku eziningana. | Uzolulama ngokushesha futhi uchithe isikhathi esincane esibhedlela. |
| Isibazi | Kusala isilonda esikhulu, esibonakalayo. | Kusele izibazi ezimbalwa ezincane kakhulu, ezingabonakali kahle. |
| Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziphuthumayo | Kulungele kakhulu izimo eziphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukopha okuningi. Kungenziwa ngokushesha. | Akuhlali kufaneleka ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. |
Kungani sidinga i-laparotomy?
Udokotela uvame ukusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kanje kuphela uma kungekho ezinye izinketho. Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko:
- Ubuhlungu besisu obungachazeki: Uma ama-scan engakwazi ukuthola imbangela yobuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo noma ukuqunjelwa.
- Ukopha ngaphakathi kwesisu: Misa ukopha ngaphakathi kwesisu ngenxa yengozi noma esinye isizathu.
- Izigaba zomdlavuza: Susa isimila somdlavuza, noma ubone ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani esiswini (Cancer Staging).
- Izimo eziphuthumayo: Isibonelo, lapho i-appendicitis isizoqhuma, noma lapho kukhona imbobo emathunjini.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwesibeletho (C-section): Ukuhlinzwa Kwesibeletho, okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha okuhleliwe noma okuphuthumayo, nakho kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa kwe-laparotomy.
- Ukususwa kwezitho zomzimba:Ukususa isitho esinjenge-spleen noma isibeletho ngenxa yesimo sempilo.
Yiziphi izitho zomzimba ezihlolwa kulokhu kuhlinzwa?
Ukuvula isisu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi ahlole izitho eziningi ezibalulekile. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:
- Isisu
- Amathumbu amancane namakhulu (Amathumbu)
- Isithasiselo
- Ubende
- I-Pancreas
- Isibindi
- Inyongo
- Izinso, izindlala ze-adrenal kanye nama-ureters
- Isinye
- Izitho zokuzala zabesifazane (isibeletho, amashubhu e-fallopian, ama-ovari)
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ngenxa yokuthi i-laparotomy iwukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kunezinyathelo eziningana ongazithatha ukuze uzilungiselele. Ezinye zalezi zinyathelo zingase zingenzeki ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo.
- Imvume enolwazi: Udokotela uzokuchazela konke mayelana nokuhlinzwa, izingozi zako, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazothola imvume yakho ebhaliwe.
- Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-X-ray kwenziwa ukuhlola impilo yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela ngemithi oyiphuzayo kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo ongase ube nazo.
- Ukulungiswa kwamathumbu: Unganikwa umuthi wokuhlanza amathumbu noma i-enema ukuze uhlanze amathumbu akho ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlinzwa. Kuzodingeka futhi uzile ukudla amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlanza: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, indawo yesisu ihlanzwa kahle ngensipho yokubulala amagciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinwele endaweni zingasuswa.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa nangemva kwalokho?
Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu. Udokotela wenza i-incision esiswini sakho esingaba ngamasentimitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-12 ubude. Ngemva kwalokho, kwenziwa izivivinyo noma ukwelashwa okudingekayo, bese i-incision ithungwa ndawonye. Ukuhlinzwa kungathatha amahora amaningana.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoyiswa ekamelweni lokuhlinzwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi kuzoqashwa kuze kube yilapho ubuyela engqondweni. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungase ube namapayipi amaningana emzimbeni wakho:
- Umugqa we-IV: Lokhu kufakwa emthanjeni bese kunikeza imithi yokudambisa ukuvuvukala, ama-antibiotic, kanye nosawoti.
- Ipayipi le-Nasogastric: Susa uketshezi esiswini.
- I-catheter yomchamo: Ukukhipha umchamo.
Uzonikezwa imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu ukuze ulawule ubuhlungu. Ezinsukwini zokuqala esibhedlela, uzosizwa ukuhambahamba kancane ngosizo lwabahlengikazi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela amahlule egazi kanye nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
Ziyini izingozi zalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, i-laparotomy ingaba nezingozi ezithile, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nalokhu.
- Ukulimala okungahlosiwe kwezinye izitho eziseduze.
- Ukopha ngokweqile ngenxa yomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi.
- Ukutheleleka kwesilonda kanye nokuphola okulibazisekile.
- Ukuba ndikindiki okungapheli kwezinye izindawo ezizungeze imbobo ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa.
- I-Hernia ku-hernia yokusika.
- Kunethuba elincane lokuthi isimo esifana nokuvaleka kwamathumbu sizokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo ngenxa yokunamathela kwesisu.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Lokhu kuzohluka kuye ngempilo yakho jikelele kanye nobukhulu bokuhlinzwa okwenziwe.
- Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisithupha ukuthi inxeba liphole .
- Kusala isilonda eside esiswini, kodwa kancane kancane siyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Kuye ngohlobo lomsebenzi wakho, ungase ukwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini ngemva kwamasonto ayi-6.
- Kuzothatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukuphakamisa izinsimbi noma ukwenza ukuzivocavoca okunzima.
- Kungathatha iminyaka emibili ukuthi amandla emisipha yesisu sakho abuyele ezingeni ayekulo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza kulokhu.
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kunini lapho kudingeka ukhulume nodokotela?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha ukululama kwakho ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya. Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU).
Qaphela! Qaphela lezi zici:
* Igazi noma uketshezi olufana nobovu oluphuma enxebeni lokuhlinzwa.
* Uma ubuhlungu buba bubi kakhulu esikhundleni sokuncipha.
* Uma unomkhuhlane.
* Uma ungakwazi ukuphuma umoya noma ukuya endlini yangasese.
* Uma umlenze owodwa uvuvukile futhi ubuhlungu (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi).
* Uma uzwa ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ukukhwehlela.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-laparotomy akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, ngokuvamile kuyinqubo edingekayo yokusindisa impilo yakho noma yokukusiza ukuthi ululame. Nakuba isikhathi sokululama siside kancane, ngokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo, ungalulama ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-laparotomy inqubo enkulu yokuhlinzwa ehilela ukuvula isisu. Kungadingeka ukuxilonga noma ukwelapha isifo.
- Lokhu kuhlukile "ku-keyhole surgery" (i-Laparoscopy). I-Laparotomy iwusizo kakhulu ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
- Kuthatha isikhathi ukuphulukiswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuzivocavoca nokuphakamisa izinsimbi.
- Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obukhulu, kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi esilondeni. Uma unenkinga, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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