Uyayesaba yini i-typhoid fever? Ake sixoxe ngayo kalula!

Uke wazizwa ungaphilile izinsuku ezimbalwa, unomkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nobuhlungu besisu? Uzizwa sengathi awunaso isifiso sokudla noma ikhanda elibuhlungu? Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, sicabanga ukuthi umkhuhlane ojwayelekile wegciwane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaba futhi ukuqala komkhuhlane weTyphoid. Ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini iTyphoid, ukuthi ikhula kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngayo ngendlela ecacile nelula.

Kalula nje, uyini umkhuhlane we-typhoid?

Umkhuhlane we-typhoid ukutheleleka okubangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi `iSalmonella Typhi (S. Typhi)` . Leli bhaktheriya lithinta kakhulu amathumbu ethu amancane (amathumbu). Yingakho kuvela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu kanye nokuqaqamba kwesisu. Umkhuhlane we-typhoid ubizwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane we-enteric .

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nangomkhuhlane we-paratyphoid. Kuyisifo esifanayo, kodwa sibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Salmonella Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi). Izimpawu zayo zincane kune-typhoid.

Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa: Amabhaktheriya abangela i-typhoid ahluke ngokuphelele kumabhaktheriya e-Salmonella sonke esiwaziyo, avame ukubangela ubuthi ekudleni.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?

Umkhuhlane we-typhoid uyisifo esivamile emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezingenazo indle ehlanzekile. Sivame kakhulu eNingizimu Asia (kufaka phakathi iSri Lanka, iNdiya, iPakistan, neBangladesh), eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-Afrika, kanye neNingizimu Melika.

Izingane zisengozini enkulu yokuthola i-typhoid kunabantu abadala, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele kakhulu uma unezingane ezincane ekhaya lakho.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-typhoid?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lomkhuhlane we-typhoid, njengoba igama lisho, umkhuhlane ophezulu. Uma ungelashwa, lo mkhuhlane ungahlala amasonto. Uqala ngomkhuhlane ophansi ezinsukwini zokuqala, bese ukhula kancane kancane usuku nosuku. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane ohamba kancane kancane."

Ngaphezu kwalesi sibonakaliso esiyinhloko, kunezinye izimpawu eziningana. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Lesi sifo sisakazeka kanjani kithi?

Umkhuhlane we-typhoid usakazeka kakhulu ngokudla ukudla noma amanzi angcoliswe yi-bacterium `S. Typhi`. Isibonelo, uma isiguli se-typhoid siya endlini yangasese futhi silungisa ukudla ngaphandle kokugeza izandla kahle, noma uma uthinta ukudla okudlayo, i-bacteria ingangena emzimbeni wakho.

Ezindaweni ezifana nezwe lethu, enye yezindlela eziyinhloko lokhu okungasakazeka ngayo ngamanzi angcolile. Uma amanzi angcolile axutshwe nendle engena emithonjeni yamanzi okuphuza, uma uphuza lawo manzi, noma uma ugeza imifino nezithelo ngalawo manzi, lesi sifo singasakazeka kalula.

Ingabe lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu?

Yebo. Lena yinto eyingozi kakhulu nge-typhoid. Abanye abantu bangaqhubeka nokuba nebhaktheriya ethi `S. Typhi` emizimbeni yabo ngisho noma sebelulame ngokuphelele ku-typhoid, ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Sibabiza laba bantu ngokuthi "abathwali besikhathi eside"Leli gciwane likhishwa endaweni ezungezile ngendle yalaba bantu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awutheleli muntu ngisho noma usululame kulesi sifo.

Kunezigaba ezine zomkhuhlane we-typhoid.

Uma ingelashwa, umkhuhlane we-typhoid ungadlulela ezigabeni ezine. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-antibiotic eqalwa kusenesikhathi , lesi sifo singalawulwa ngaphandle kokungena kulezi zigaba.

• Isigaba 1: Izimpawu ziqala ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-5 nezingu-14 ngemva kokuba igciwane lingene emzimbeni. Uphawu lokuqala umkhuhlane okhula usuku nosuku. Kuleli qophelo, amabhaktheriya angena egazini lakho.
• Isigaba sesi-2: Cishe ngesonto lesibili lomkhuhlane, amabhaktheriya aqala ukwanda emaqatheni kaPeyer, ayingxenye yesimiso sakho somzimba, emathunjini akho. Lokhu kubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuqaqamba kwesisu, uhudo, noma ukuqunjelwa. Abanye abantu baphinde babe nama-"rose spots" okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili.
• Isigaba 3: Uma ingelashwa, ngesonto lesithathu ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu, amagciwane angabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Izinkinga ezinkulu njengokuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi emathunjini kanye nokuvuvukala kobuchopho (encephalitis) zingaba khona.
• Isigaba 4: Iningi labantu liqala ukululama kulesi sigaba. Umkhuhlane ophakeme uqala ukuncipha. Kodwa-ke, noma ungenazo izimpawu, igciwane le-S. Typhi lingasaphila enyongweni yakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengasabalalisa lesi sifo komunye umuntu ngemuva kokuba usungcono.

Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu? Kuyini ukwelashwa?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nanoma yimuphi umlando wohambo lwakho lwakamuva. Uzobe esekuhlola. Uma esola ukuthi une-typhoid, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze akuqinisekise.

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga lesi sifo

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuhlola ukuba khona kwebhaktheriya `S. Typhi` egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwendle: Kuhlolwa isampula yendle ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ikhona yini igciwane.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Kuhlolwa isampula yomchamo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unamagciwane yini.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uthathe i-X-ray yesifuba.

Ukwelashwa kwe-typhoid

Umkhuhlane we-typhoid welashwa ngama -antibiotic . Udokotela wakho uzonquma i-antibiotic efanele kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwebhaktheriya ye-typhoid onalo nokuthi uluthole kuphi lolu bhubhane.

Uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu noma kuvela izinkinga, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphezu kwama-antibiotic, ama-steroid anjenge-dexamethasone anganikezwa.

Ukumelana nama-antibiotic

Lena yinkinga enkulu yezempilo namuhla. Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane e-`S. Typhi` sezimelana namanye ama-antibiotic esiwasebenzisayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagciwane ngeke afe ngisho noma uthatha lowo muthi. Lesi simo sibiza ngokuthi ukumelana namagciwane . Ezinye izinhlobo ze-typhoid (XDR typhoid) zimelana nemithi eminingi. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola umuthi wokugomela ukuze uzivikele ku-typhoid.

Ungakugwema kanjani i-typhoid?

Indlela engcono kakhulu nebaluleke kakhulu yokuzivikela kumkhuhlane we-typhoid ukugonywa . Uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-typhoid ivame khona, noma uma uya kwenye, kuwumqondo omuhle ukugonywa. Kunemithi yokugoma ngomlomo neyokujova.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile futhi ukugwema ukudla neziphuzo ezingahlanzekile.

• Uma ugula, ungalungiseleli abanye ukudla .
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ngaphambi nangemva kokulungisa ukudla, ngaphambi kokudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Geza izitsha zokulungiselela ukudla kahle bese uzigcina zihlanzekile.
• Uma udla ngaphandle, khetha ukudla okuphekiwe kahle, okushisayo noma okupakishwe kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ungaphuzi amanzi avela emithonjeni engaziwa . Phuza amanzi abilisiwe noma asemabhodleleni kuphela.

Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-typhoid ivame khona noma usanda kuhamba futhi unezimpawu ze-typhoid, njengomkhuhlane nobuhlungu besisu, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, ungalulama ngokushesha futhi ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu.

Uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo ezinzima, hamba uye esibhedlela i-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngokushesha.

• Umkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu.
• Igazi elisesihlalweni noma indle emnyama ephuzi.
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu kakhulu.
• Ukopha igazi uma ukhwehlela noma uhlanza.
• Izimpawu zemizwa ezifana nokudideka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, noma ukuxhuzula.

Ekuphetheni, i-typhoid ayisona isifo okufanele sesatshwe, kodwa futhi akusona isifo okufanele sithathwe kalula . Lesi sifo singelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuhlanzeka okuhle.