Uyazazi yini ngomdlavuza wenyongo? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Uke wezwa ngesitho esincane esifana nesikhwama esitholakala ohlangothini lwesokudla lwesisu sakho, ngaphansi nje kwesibindi sakho? Sisibiza ngokuthi i-gallbladder. Sigcina uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-bile' olukhiqizwa yisibindi. Le nyongo isisiza ukugaya ukudla okunamafutha esikudlayo. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqala ukukhula ngaphakathi kwalesi sitho esincane. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza wenyongo.

Uyini Umdlavuza Wesinqe?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wenyongo ulapho amangqamuzana aphilile enyongo eba umdlavuza futhi akhule engalawuleki. Lo mdlavuza uvame ukuqala engxenyeni engaphakathi yamangqamuzana enyongo. Siwubiza ngokuthi `(ungqimba lwe-mucosal)`. Bese, kancane kancane, uqala ukusabalala ngaphandle.

Inkinga enkulu ngalokhu ukuthi akubonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Esikhathini esiningi, kutholakala ngengozi. Cabanga nje, odokotela bathola lo mdlavuza kuphela uma behlinzwa ukuze kususwe inyongo ngesinye isizathu.

Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle. Uma lo mdlavuza utholakala usesesigabeni sawo sokuqala, okungukuthi, uma ungakasabalali ngale kwenyongo, kunethuba elikhulu kakhulu lokususwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa kanye nokululama okuphelele . Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi, umdlavuza usuvele usabalale ngale kwenyongo ngesikhathi utholakala. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwelashwa kuba nzima kancane.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

Nakuba singenayo idatha ethile ngalokhu eSri Lanka, lo mdlavuza ungavamile kakhulu emazweni afana neMelika. Kodwa-ke, uvame kakhulu emazweni ase-Asia njengeNdiya, iJapan, iKorea, nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika. Isizathu salokhu sibonakala njengokwanda kwesibalo samatshe enyongo kubantu kulawo mazwe. Ngoba amatshe enyongo ayimbangela enkulu yalo mdlavuza.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-gallbladder?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, isizathu esiyinhloko esenza kube nzima ukuthola lo mdlavuza ukuthi awubonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngisho noma izimpawu zivela, zifana kakhulu nezimpawu zamatshe enyongo. Ngakho-ke abantu bacabanga ukuthi, "O, lawa kumele kube ngamatshe."

Kodwa uma unezimpawu ezingezansi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzinakekela.

Kungani lo mdlavuza uvela? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi iseli eliphilile liba kanjani iseli lomdlavuza. Kodwa bathole izinto eziningana ezandisa amathuba okuthola lo mdlavuza. Lezi sizibiza ngokuthi izici eziyingozi.

Lo mdlavuza ubangelwa izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ezakhiweni zofuzo. Kodwa lezi akuzona izinguquko zofuzo ezizuzwe kubazali. Ziyizinguquko ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila.

Ubani osengozini enkulu?

• Kwabesifazane: Abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuthola lo mdlavuza kunabesilisa.
• Kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuxilongwa sicishe sibe yiminyaka engu-72.
• Kulabo abanamatshe enyongo: Lesi yisona sici esiyinhloko esiyingozi. Inani elincane labantu abanamatshe enyongo lingayithola le mdlavuza.
• Kulabo abane-polyps yenyongo: Ukukhula okuncane okwakheka odongeni lwenyongo kungaphenduka umdlavuza.
• I-cholecystitis engapheli: Ingozi iphezulu uma inyongo isivuvukele isikhathi eside.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Isisindo somzimba esiningi kakhulu siyinto eyingozi.
• Isifo se-Typhoid: Isifo se-Typhoid esibangelwa yibhaktheriya i-'Salmonella typhi' naso siyisifo esingamahlalakhona futhi siyingozi.
• Inyongo ye-porcelain: Isimo lapho ama-calcium deposits akheka khona ezindongeni zenyongo, okwenza zibe nzima njengezitini ze-porcelain. Lokhu kwandisa nengozi yomdlavuza.
• Ama-cyst e-Choledochal: Izimo ezifana nama-cyst ezenzeka emigudwini ye-bile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhema kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile asetshenziswa ezimbonini zerabha nezendwangu kukholakala ukuthi kwandisa ingozi.

Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, kungaba nzima ukuxilonga ngoba azikho izimpawu. Uma uya kudokotela, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho, bese ekuxilonga. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kusolwa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu)

Ezinye izinto egazini zingalinganiswa ukuze kutholakale ulwazi mayelana nomdlavuza.

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi: Lokhu kulinganisa amazinga ama-enzyme akhishwa yisibindi. La mazinga angashintsha uma umdlavuza uthinte isibindi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu zesifo somdlavuza: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa nge-CEA kanye ne-CA 19-9 kubheka amazinga ezinto ezikhishwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma lokhu kuphakeme, kuphakamisa izinsolo zomdlavuza.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe

Lezi zivivinyo zithatha izithombe zezitho zomzimba ngaphakathi komzimba ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukhona yini umdlavuza nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani.

• I-ultrasound yesisu: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olulula kakhulu ongalwenza kuqala. Luthatha izithombe zezitho zesisu. Uma kubonakala into efana nesimila, uzothunyelwa ukuze uhlolwe okwengeziwe.
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography):Ama-X-ray asetshenziselwa ukuthatha izithombe zomzimba ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi kubonakale imininingwane eminingi.
• I-MRI scan (i-Magnetic resonance imaging): Isebenzisa insimu yamagnetic ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zengaphakathi lomzimba.
• I-ERCP (i-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography): I-endoscope (ithubhu elincane elinekhamera) ifakwa ngomlomo, kufakwe idayi emigudwini yenyongo, bese kuthathwa izithombe ze-X-ray. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi imigudwini isinciphile yini ngenxa yomdlavuza.

3. Ukuhlinzwa

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lena yindlela kuphela yokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu eqhubu elisolisayo bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
• I-Laparoscopy: Kwenziwa ukusika okuncane esiswini bese kufakwa ipayipi elincane elinekhamera, okuvumela udokotela ukuthi abuke ngqo inyongo kanye nezicubu ezizungezile. Lokhu kusiza ekuhloleni ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani.

Izigaba Zomdlavuza Nokwelashwa

Uma odokotela sebethole ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza oqhubekayo. Ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngokusekelwe kulesi sigaba.

• Isigaba 0: Amaseli angajwayelekile angaba umdlavuza atholakala kuphela ngaphakathi kwe-gallbladder.
• Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza usengqimbeni engaphakathi yenyongo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ususakazekele engqimbeni yemisipha.
• Isigaba sesi-2: Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwengqimba yemisipha.
• Isigaba sesi-3: Umdlavuza ususakazekele engxenyeni engaphandle yenyongo nasezithweni eziseduze, njengesibindi, noma kuma-lymph node.
• Isigaba 4: Umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude, emithanjeni yegazi, kanye nasezinhlayiyeni eziningi ze-lymph.

Umdlavuza wesigaba 1 ubizwa ngokuthi "wendawo". Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza uphelela enyongweni. Kulesi sigaba, ukwelashwa okuphelele kungatholakala ngokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kuba nzima kakhulu ezigabeni 2, 3, kanye no-4.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ezintweni eziningi, njengesigaba somdlavuza kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala

Uma umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, umgomo oyinhloko uwukususa ngokuphelele umdlavuza ngokuhlinzwa nokuvimbela ukuthi ungabuyi.

• Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo womdlavuza wenza i-cholecystectomy ukuze asuse inyongo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungadingeka ukuthi kususwe inyongo kuphela kodwa nama-lymph node azungezile kanye nengxenye encane yesibindi.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Imisebe enamandla aphezulu inikezwa ukuze kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali:Imithi inikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuvimba ukukhula kwawo. Lokhu kunganikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ngokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza osuthuthukile

Umgomo wokwelapha umdlavuza ongalapheki noma ophindaphindayo ukulawula izimpawu nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila, kunokwelapha lesi sifo.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy nakho kuyasetshenziswa lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ube nethuba lokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zezokwelapha ezintsha.

• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Kunikezwa imithi eqondiwe eshintsha izakhi zofuzo ezithile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Kuvuselela amasosha omzimba ukuze athole futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Yebo. Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Ukuhlinzwa kuthwala izingozi ezifana nezinkinga ezivela ekubulaweni yizinzwa, ukutheleleka, kanye nokuqhekeka kwegazi. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nemisebe kungabangela imiphumela emibi njengokulahlekelwa izinwele, isicanucanu, kanye nokukhathala. Kodwa konke lokhu kuhlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelashwa okutholayo kanye nemiphumela emibi yakho ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuhle.

Ingabe lesi sifo singalapheka?

Ingelapheka. Kodwa idinga ukuthola umdlavuza kusenesikhathi bese uwususa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphambi kokuba usabalale kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Uma ushiywe isikhathi eside ungalashwa, kulapho amathuba okuthi welapheke khona mancane. Yingakho sithi kufanele uqaphele izimpawu.