So w’ani so yɛ kusuu wɔ mfinimfini? Eyi betumi ayɛ macular tokuru!

So woasusuw nea ɛbɛba ho pɛn sɛ tokuru ketewaa bi si aniwa no mu, baabi a yehu no pefee no ara pɛ? Ɛno ne tebea a yɛbɛka ho asɛm nnɛ, a wɔfrɛ no macular hole . Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ asɛmfua a ɛyɛ hu a ɛsɛ sɛ wote de, nanso sɛ wuhu ho nsɛm pii pɛ a, nneɛma pii bɛda adi ama wo. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛyɛ, nea enti a ɛba, sɛnea yebehu, ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde yɛ.

Dɛn ankasa ne macular hole?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, macular hole yɛ tokuru a ɛwɔ w’ani no mfinimfini aniwa (Macula) mu . Fa w’ani sɛ mfoninitwa afiri. Retina no te sɛ sini a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri no mu, baabi a wɔkyere hann no. Wɔ retina no mfinimfini, baabi a yɛde yɛn adwene si biribi so no, ɔfã ketewaa bi a ɛho hia yiye wɔ hɔ. Ɛno ne nea macula no yɛ. Sɛ yɛkenkan nhoma, yɛhwɛ TV, anaa yɛhwɛ obi anim a, ɛboa ma yehu nneɛma yiye.

Enti, sɛ tokuru bi ba eyi mu (Macula) a, wo mfinimfini anisoadehu , a ɛyɛ sɛnea wuhu nneɛma wɔ w’anim tẽẽ no, na ɛka wo titiriw. Eyi betumi asiw nneɛma te sɛ karka ne nhoma akenkan kwan. Mpɛn pii no, eyi si wɔ aniwa biako so, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ ebetumi asi wɔ aniwa abien no nyinaa mu.

Ade bi a ɛte sɛ jelly a wɔfrɛ no vitreous humor wɔ aniwa no mu . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ saa jelly yi sesa ne su, na bere a ɛretwetwe no, etumi twe macula no, na ɛma tokuru te sɛ eyi.

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Afei ebia woredwen ho sɛ, ‘Oo, so eyi to nnipa pii?’ Nokwarem no, nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ United States ka sɛ afe biara nnipa 100,000 biara mu nnipa foforo bɛyɛ 7-8 na ɛba nnipa 100,000 biara mu. Ɛtaa ba mmea so kɛse . Afei nso, ɛwom sɛ ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 55 so de, nanso ebetumi ato obiara ankasa.

So macular holes ahorow bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, ahorow abien titiriw na ɛwɔ hɔ.

1. Primary (Macular Hole): Eyi ba ara kwa, a asiane biara nni ho mma aniwa anaa yare foforo biara.

2. Secondary (Macular Hole): Eyi ba esiane aniwa a opira anaa aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo te sɛ ɔfe a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu (( Uveitis )).

Akwan foforo wɔ hɔ a aniwa ho animdefo fa so kyekyɛ aniwa ntokuru mu, a wɔfrɛ no staging systems.Nhyehyɛe biako wɔ afã anan, ɔfã a edi kan no yɛ nea emu nyɛ den koraa, na ɔfã anan no yɛ nea emu yɛ den sen biara. Nhyehyɛe foforo bi wɔ akwan abiɛsa, a wɔde sɔhwɛ mu aba na ɛkyerɛ. W’ani duruyɛfo bɛka sɛnea wo macular hole no mu yɛ den no akyerɛ wo.

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi ayɛ macular hole no bi ne:

• Blurred vision : Tebea a wuntumi nhu ade yiye.
• Anisoadehu a wɔakyinkyim : Ebia nsensanee tẽẽ bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ kurukuruwa na ɛyɛ asorɔkye, te sɛ nea wohwɛ biribi a ɛwɔ nsu kuruwa bi fã foforo.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkenkan nkyerɛwee nketewa.

Bere kɔ so no, sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw no ne sɛ baabi a ɛyɛ tuntum anaa tuntum bi bɛda adi wɔ w’aniwa no mfinimfini .

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi .

Dɛn nti na eyi (macular hole) ba? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Wɔ nnipa pii fam no, aniwa ntokuru nyin bere a wɔrenyin esiane twetwe a ɛtwetwe vitreous humor no nti . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ jelly a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no twetwe bere a obi nyin no na wɔtwe no fi macula, retina no mfinimfini fã no ho.

Sɛ ɛno da nkyɛn a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyinom betumi aba:

• Esiane ahodwiriw a ɛba aniwa no so nti.
• Esiane aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo a ɛka aniwa no nti. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa a wɔn aniwa mu ayɛ wɔn hyew ((Uveitis)) anaasɛ wɔn a wotumi hu ade yiye ((Myopia)) .

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya macular holes?

Asiane ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama tebea yi aba:

• Mpanyinyɛ : Nea ɛde ba titiriw.
• Ɔbea fã a wɔyɛ.
• Esiane sɛ na wadi kan anya aniwa mu opira nti .
• Sɛ obi nhu ade tiaa (Myopia) .
• Esiane sɛ wɔadi kan ayɛ wɔn aniwa oprehyɛn anaasɛ wɔanya aniwa mu yare a ɛma ɛyɛ hyew .

Sɛ wɔansa a, nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba?

Sɛ wɔannya macular hole bi a wɔansa a, ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ:

• Anisoadehu a wɔhwere , titiriw anisoadehu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini.
• Macular hole betumi ama retina no atew .
• Macular hole no reyɛ kɛse na ɛreyɛ kɛse.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obedi kan abisa wo w’abusua aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm ne ayaresa tebea foforo biara a ebia wowɔ ho asɛm. Ɛho behia nso sɛ woka nnuru biara a worenom (a wɔkyerɛw ma wo ne nea wɔtɔn wɔ aduruyɛdan mu nyinaa) ho asɛm kyerɛ wɔn. Afei oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ, a nea ɛka ho ne kanea a wɔapaapae mu nhwehwɛmu . W’ani bɛtrɛw, na w’aniwa nso atrɛw, na wɔahwɛ wo retina no yiye.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔreyɛ?

Mpɛn pii no, w’ani duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi biako anaa nea ɛboro saa mfa nhwehwɛ w’aniwa retina mu:

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Eyi ma wutumi twa aniwa no mu mfonini a wɔatwa no tiaa na wuhu sɛnea macula no te.
• Fundus Fluorescein Angiography: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode nsu titiriw bi bɛhyɛ ntini bi mu wɔ wo basa mu na woatwa mogya ntini a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no mfonini.
• Fundus Photography: Eyi twa retina no mfonini.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?

Ayaresa titiriw a wɔtaa de sa aniwa ntokuru ne oprehyɛn a wɔfrɛ no vitrectomy . Wɔ eyi mu no, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo yi ade a ɛte sɛ jelly a ɛwɔ w’ani mu no fi hɔ (vitreous humor). Bere koro no ara mu no, wobetumi ayi ntini biara a ɛboro so a ɛde nhyɛso a ɛmfata reba macula no so nso afi hɔ.

Afei, wo oprehyɛn ho ɔbenfo no de mframa a ɛnyɛ ɔyare mmoawa bɛhyɛ w’ani mu. Eyi bɛma nhyɛso aba baabi a macular hole no wɔ no na ama akɔ so atra hɔ kosi sɛ ɛbɛsa. Ebia ebehia sɛ wode w'anim da fam da koro kosi ason . Eyi ne bere a gas ahurututu no bɛtra nea ɛwɔ hɔ na aboa ma tokuru no ato mu.

Susuw ho te sɛ nea yɛde plaster ahyɛ kuru bi so, na saa gas bubble yi na ɛboa ma tokuru no sa.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ macular hole no sua koraa a, ebia w’ani ho ɔyaresafo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ twɛn kakra sen sɛ wobɛsa. Eyi te saa efisɛ wɔ mfiase bi mu no, macular tokuru bi betumi atoto n’ankasa mu .

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba wɔ vitrectomy oprehyɛn akyi?

Hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ nsɛnnennen te sɛ eyinom bɛba wɔ vitrectomy akyi:

• Retina a ɛpaapae.
• Nsaneɛ.
• Glaucoma ( nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ aniwa mu).
• Mogya a ɛretu.
• Ebia macular hole no bɛsan abue anaasɛ ɛrento da.

Afei nso, obiara a wɔayɛ no oprehyɛn a ɛma n’aniwa yɛ mmerɛw no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya atiridiinini.Wɔhwɛ kwan nso sɛ hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ayɛ kɛse.

Me ho bɛtɔ me ntɛm dɛn wɔ ayaresa akyi?

Sɛ wɔayɛ wo vitrectomy a, ɛho behia sɛ woma wo ti kɔ fam bɛyɛ dapɛn biako na ama gas a ɛrehuru no akɔ so atra nea ɛwɔ hɔ. Mpɛn pii no gas a ɛyɛ ahurututu no tra w'ani so bɛyɛ adapɛn abiɛsa kosi awotwe . Saa bere yi mu no, w’ani so bɛyɛ kusuu. Ebia ebegye asram pii ansa na w’ani so atu mpɔn na ayɛ den. Ade a ehia paa ne sɛ yebenya abotare.

So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw eyi ano?

Ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw macular tokuru bi ano koraa . Nanso, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so:

• Aniwa a wɔde kata so a wode bedi dwuma bere a woreyɛ adwuma anaasɛ woredi agumadi a wɔde di nkitaho no.
• Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ daa . Bere a eyi ntumi nsiw macular holes ano no, ebetumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu ntɛm.
• Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare , hwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu so, na sɛ wowɔ mogya mmoroso a, hwɛ w’ani yiye.

Sɛ wowɔ macular hole a, dɛn na wubetumi ahwɛ kwan?

Vitrectomy oprehyɛn no di nkonim bɛboro 90% . Sɛ nusu no sua na wohu na wɔsa no ntɛm a, oprehyɛn no di yiye. Ebia wubetumi asan anya w’anisoadehu a ayera no mu dodow no ara anaa ebi.

Bere bɛn na metumi asan akɔ adwuma/sukuu?

Ɛho behia sɛ wugye bere kakra fi adwuma anaa sukuu mu. Saa bere yi betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina adwuma ko a woyɛ so. Bisa wo duruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne nea ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ wɔ oprehyɛn no akyi.

Ebia worentumi nka kar adapɛn asia kosi awotwe , na worentumi ntu wimhyɛn nso wɔ saa bere no mu . Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ egye bere tenten saa ansa na wo nipadua no atwe mframa no. Nsakrae a ɛba mframa nhyɛso mu no betumi ama ahurututu a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no ayɛ kɛse, na nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no betumi ayɛ nea asiane wom. Enti, kwati dwumadi biara a ɛde nsakrae ba mframa mu nhyɛso mu wɔ saa bere yi mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Ɛho hia sɛ obiara yɛ n’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa. Nea ɛka ho no, sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so a, kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara . Sɛ wote ɛyaw a emu yɛ den anaasɛ wunhu ade mpofirim a, kɔ ayaresabea dan a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu ntɛm ara.

Nsɛmmisa a ɛho hia bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wobisa oduruyɛfo no?

Sɛ wowɔ macular hole a, ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm yi:

• Ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• Dɛn ne nsunsuanso bɔne anaa nsɛnnennen a ɛbata saa ayaresa yi ho?
• So eyi (macular hole) betumi asan aba bio?
• Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ de bɔ m’aniwa ho ban?
• So metumi aka kar bio?

Aniwa no yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye na ɛho hia yiye. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte dadwen nka bere a wuhu sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu yare te sɛ macular hole no. Nanso, mpɛn pii no oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ de yɛ eyi no di yiye. Sɛ tokuru no yɛ nnansa yi ara na ɛyɛ ketewaa a, nea efi mu ba no ye mpo. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae

Okay, enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ wowɔ adwene pa wɔ macular holes ho fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so, titiriw wɔ mfinimfini ani a ɛyɛ kusuu anaasɛ nsensanee tẽẽ a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ kronkron a.

Sɛ wohu ntɛm a, ɛda adi sɛ ayaresa no bɛyɛ yiye. Ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’ani so. Mma ɛnhaw wo, nnɛyi nnuruyɛ wɔ ayaresa pa a wɔde sa tebea horow yi.