Wo koma a ɛbɔ ho asɛm - Biribiara a ɛfa ECG (Electrocardiogram) sɔhwɛ no ho!

So woayɛ ECG pɛn? Anaasɛ wo duruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo aka akyerɛ wo pɛn sɛ fa bi nnya bi? Ebia eyi te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra na ɛyɛ kɛse ma wo. Nanso nokwarem no, ECG yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, ɛnyɛ yaw , nanso ɛho hia yiye. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka nea ECG yɛ, nea ɛyɛ, ne nea ebetumi aka akyerɛ yɛn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye na ntease wom so ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne ECG (Electrocardiogram)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ECG (electrocardiogram) yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛw anyinam ahoɔden a ɛwɔ wo koma mu . Nea ɛkɔ akyiri no, ɛsusuw anyinam ahoɔden asorɔkye nketenkete a ɛba bere a wo koma bɔ no. Nnuruyɛfo de di dwuma wɔ nneɛma pii mu, te sɛ koma a ɛbɔ ho nsɛm a wɔbɛhwɛ anaasɛ wɔahwɛ sɛnea ayaresa pɔtee bi renya wo koma so nkɛntɛnso.

Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ ntɛm yiye a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu. Wubetumi ayɛ bere a woda mpa so no. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔfa ECG nso sɛ ``adwennwen sɔhwɛ`` fã bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ. Ebia woate sɛ ``smartwatches`` binom betumi ayɛ ECG mprempren. Nanso, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛma oduruyɛfo ayɛ ECG a ɛfata na wahwɛ amanneɛbɔ no mu .

Ebia woate sɛ wɔfrɛ no ECG ne EKG. Mma ɛnhaw wo, wɔyɛ ade koro . Asɛmfua EKG fi German kasa mu, baabi a wɔde nkyerɛwde ‘k’ di dwuma sen sɛ wɔde nkyerɛwde ‘c’ bedi dwuma.

Nea ɛho hia: So ɛsono ECG (Electrocardiogram) wɔ ``Echocardiogram'' ho? ``Echocardiogram'' yɛ ``Ultrasound scan'' a ɛkyerɛ koma no. Ɛkyerɛ sɛnea koma no rebɔ ho mfonini. ECG hwɛ sɛnea koma no mu anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma.

So ECG ahorow bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, ECG mfiri ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Nnuruyɛfo de di dwuma a egyina bere tenten a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ sɛnea wo koma bɔ no so. Wɔyɛ ECG a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ ayaresabea anaa oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea. Ɛkyerɛw koma no anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi bere tiaa bi (mpɛn pii no bɛyɛ sikɔne 10) . Enti, fa no sɛ wowɔ komayare a ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ woannya ECG ntɛm ara a, ebia wobɛpa ho kyɛw. Ɛte sɛ yɛn fie intanɛt kɔ fam na ɛreyɛ adwuma yie kɔsi sɛ obi bɛba abɛsiesie.

Enti, ECG ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu:

• Standard 12-lead ECG: Eyi ne nea wobɛtaa anya bere a wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no. Wɔremma wo kwan sɛ wode saa mfiri yi bɛkɔ fie.
• Bere tiaa mu, a wotumi hyɛ monitor - s.e. Holter monitor: Eyi yɛ afiri ketewaa bi. Wohyɛ no nnɔnhwerew 24 anaa 48 . Ɛkɔ so kyerɛw anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi a ɛwɔ wo koma mu bere a woreyɛ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a wotaa yɛ no.
• Event monitor: Saa afiri yiƐsɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ no dapɛn biako anaa nea ɛboro saa. Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi (e.g., komayare) a, wubetumi amia bɔtn bi na woakyerɛw wo koma bɔ saa bere no.
• Implanted loop recorder: Eyi yɛ afiri ketewaa bi a oduruyɛfo de hyɛ wo honam ani . Wobetumi agyaw no wɔ nea ɛwɔ hɔ mfe pii.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ECG (Stress test ECG): Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde wo bata ECG afiri ho na wɔfa ECG no bere a wonam ``(Treadmill) so. Wɔyɛ eyi na ama wɔahu sɛnea wo koma yɛ n’ade bere a woayɛ basaa no.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ ECG?

Ebia oduruyɛfo bi besi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛyɛ ECG nhwehwɛmu esiane nneɛma ahorow nti. Wɔn titiriw ne sɛ wobehu aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi anaasɛ wobesi so dua:

• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm (Arrhythmia) anaasɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛnkɔ so yiye.
• Mogya a ɛkɔ koma ntini no mu a ɛso tew (ischemia) - Eyi betumi afi koma mu ntini mu yare mu aba.
• Asɛm bi a ɛfa wo koma ntini ahorow ho.
• Congenital komayareɛ - komayareɛ a ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ awoɔ mu.
• Hwɛ sɛ woanya komayare anaasɛ woanya bi pɛn.
• Hwɛ sɛ koma no mu adan atrɛw anaa.
• Hwɛ sɛ koma asɛe anaasɛ koma no asɛe anaa.

Afei nso, nnuruyɛfo de ECG di dwuma de:

• Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ wo oprehyɛn kɛse no, hwɛ hu sɛ wo koma ayɛ krado ama no.
• Sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya komayare a, hwɛ wo koma akwahosan.
• Sɛ wowɔ pacemaker a, hwɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma.
• Hwɛ sɛnea aduru foforo a wɔde sa komayare yɛ adwuma.
• Hwɛ sɛnea koma no yɛ adwuma bere a woanya komayare akyi.

Oduruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ECG sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a:

• Koko mu yaw
• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ woabrɛ paa (Tiredness) .
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa
• Syncope / obi a ɔtotɔ piti
• Cyanosis / nsa ne anan a ɛyɛ bruu
• A flutter anaa skip wɔ wo koma bɔ mu
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo koma rebɔ ntɛmntɛm (A fast heartbeat) .
• Mogya a entumi mma koma no nkɔ soro sɛnea ɛho hia bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ (Chronotropic incompetence) .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ECG nhwehwɛmu no yɛ adwuma?

Wo koma wɔ abɔde mu afiri a ɛma wo koma bɔ kɛse. Ɛde anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛma wo koma bɔ no kɔ. ECG afiri bi kyerɛw anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne yi na ɛkyerɛw sɛnea ɛnam wo koma nyinaa mu, sɛnea koma ntini no twetwe na ɛyɛ mmerɛw, bere biara a koma bɔ no. Wɔda saa nsɛm yi adi wɔ kɔmputa so sɛ asorɔkye (wɔ graph krataa anaa screen so) . Nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu wo koma tebea denam hwɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ so.

Mpɛn pii no, komayare ho oduruyɛfo na ɔhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ECG anaasɛ ɔyɛ. Nanso, wobetumi ayɛ no nso wɔ ambulance, dan a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu, anaa bere a wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa no. Wubetumi ama wɔayɛ ECG wɔ oduruyɛfo adwumayɛbea, ayaresabea, anaa ayaresabea a wɔhwɛ ayarefo a wɔda abɔnten.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn asiesie wo ho ama ECG?

Wubetumi adidi na woanom sɛnea ɛsɛ ansa na wɔayɛ ECG. Nanso ma nneɛma yi ntra w’adwenem ansa na woasiesie wo ho da a wobɛyɛ wo ECG no:

• Mfa honam ani nneɛma a srade anaa srade wom (cream, lotions) nhyɛ wo ho efisɛ electrodes no renkɔ honam ani yiye.
• Mfa hosiery a ne tenten nyinaa nhyɛ, efisɛ eyi bɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde electrode ahorow bata nan no ho.
• Hyɛ atade a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubeyi afi hɔ, efisɛ wɔde electrode bɛbata wo moma so.

Sɛ wɔyɛ ECG a, dɛn na ɛba?

Oduruyɛfo boafo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo de ``electrodes'' bɛyɛ 12 a wɔde ntama nketewa a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma ho bɛbata wo moma so, wo nsa, ne wo nan ho. Mpɛn pii no, ``electrodes'' asia na ɛbata wo moma so na asia na ɛbata wo nsa ne wo nan ho. Wɔde nsɛm a efi saa ``sensors'' yi mu no nam ``wires'' anaa ``leads'' so de kɔ afiri no mu. Ɛno nti na wɔfrɛ no ``12-lead ECG.''

Sɛ wubenya nkitahodi pa a, ebia ebehia sɛ woyiyi nhwi no bi wɔ saa mmeae no. Egye bɛyɛ simma 10 na wɔde electrode ahorow no abata ho na wɔawie ECG nhwehwɛmu. Nanso, wɔkyerɛw koma no dwumadi ankasa wɔ bere tiaa bi mu, bɛyɛ sikɔne 10.

Sɛ wowɔ ``resting ECG'' a, ɛsɛ sɛ woda mpa so na wogye w'ahome. Sɛ wowɔ ``stress test'' a, ɛsɛ sɛ wo nantew wɔ ``treadmill'' so.

Kɔmputa yɛ anyinam ahoɔden asorɔkye a ɛfa wo koma mu no ho mfonini (wɔ graph krataa anaa screen so). Worente ɛyaw anaa ɔhaw biara nka bere a wɔde nsɛm no fi electrode ahorow no mu kɔ kɔmputa no so no.

Electrodes no bɛkɔ so atra wo honam ani kosi sɛ wobewie ECG nhwehwɛmu no.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ ECG no akyi?

Sɛ sɔhwɛ no ba awiei a, oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo no beyi electrode no nyinaa afi hɔ. Ɛno akyi no, wubetumi akɔ so ayɛ wo dwumadi ahorow a wotaa yɛ no. Ɛnyɛ den koraa, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn na ECG no kyerɛ?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo hwɛ ECG a, ɔhwɛ sɛnea anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi pii wɔ hɔ, sɛnea emu yɛ den, ne bere dodow a ɛtwam wɔ anyinam ahoɔden asorɔkye no afã horow (`asorɔkye anaa ne soro`) ntam titiriw.

ECG afã atitiriw ne nea wɔkenkan no te sɛ nea edidi so yi ara kwa:

• Wo koma no atifi dan abien (`Atria`) - baabi a koma bɔ fi ase - ma asorɔkye a edi kan, `P asorɔkye` .
• Pia abien a ɛwɔ wo koma ase (`Ventricles`) no ne nea ɛbɔ koko kɛse a edi hɔ, QRS complex .
• Asorɔkye a ɛto so abiɛsa, ‘T asorɔkye’, kyerɛ sɛnea koma no regye n’ahome, anaasɛ ‘ɛrenya ahoɔden’, bere a abɔ awie no.

So asiane bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

ECG yɛ sɔhwɛ a asiane nnim koraa. Ɛnfa mframa anaa anyinam ahoɔden biara a wɔde bɛkɔ wo nipadua mu ho. Ebia wubenya kɔkɔɔ bi na woayɛ wo yaw bere a woyi nsensanee a ɛyɛ nnam no afi hɔ no. Sɛ ɛnyɛ ɛno a, ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm biara. Enti ɛho nhia sɛ wohaw wo ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wonya nea efi mu ba? Dɛn na ɛka?

Ɛsɛ sɛ ECG a ɛfata na ɛyɛ papa no nya asorɔkye a ɛkɔ so daa na ɛsan ba bio. Bump ketewa bi (`P asorɔkye`), afei spike (`QRS complex`), afei bump ketewa foforo (`T asorɔkye`), ne nyinaa wɔ nhyehyɛe koro mu na ɛwɔ bere ntam kwan koro mu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wo koma rebɔ daa na ɛrebɔ denneennen.

Asorɔkye a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so no nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so hu ɔhaw bi. Sɛ oduruyɛfo no hwɛ nsakrae a aba wɔ ECG no mu a, obetumi ahu koma no fã a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye anaa tebea ko a ɛyɛ. Adeyɛ a koma no bɔ no yɛ nea emu yɛ den yiye, na koma no afã horow pii ka ho.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔahu nea efi mu ba?

Sɛ wo ECG aba no ba ntɛm ara a, wo duruyɛfo betumi aka ho asɛm pii akyerɛ wo ntɛm ara, titiriw sɛ wuhia ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ a. Nanso, sɛ wɔyɛɛ wo ECG sɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ no daa anaasɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔyɛ no toatoa so no fã ansa na wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn a ɛnyɛ nea ɛfa koma ho a, ebia ebegye nna kakraa bi ansa na wɔanya nea efii mu bae.

Wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkora wo ECG kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow so de atoto daakye ECG ahorow ho.

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, dɛn na woyɛ akyi?

Nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi no gyina nea enti a wɔyɛ ECG no so.

• Fa no sɛ wowɔ afiri a ɛma wo koma yɛ den, na sɛ ECG no kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye a, ebia oduruyɛfo no bɛsesa ne nhyehyɛe.
• Sɛ ECG no ma adwenem naayɛ sɔre wɔ yare bi ho a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo (e.g., echocardiogram, adwennwen nhwehwɛmu, mogya mu nhwehwɛmu) mfa nsi so dua.
• Sɛ ECG no si so dua sɛ wowɔ komayare bi a, wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw wo nnuru a ɛfata, ayaresa afoforo, anaa oprehyɛn mpo.

So ɛsɛ sɛ mesan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bio?

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wosan kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn bio wɔ nsɛm yi mu:

• Na sɛ ɛyɛ nna kakraa bi fi bere a wɔyɛɛ ECG no na woante nea efii mu bae no ho hwee nso ɛ?
• Sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow (e.g. koko mu yaw, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa) yɛ bɔne sen ansa na wɔreyɛ ECG no a.
• Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa nea oduruyɛfo no kae, nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi, anaa sɛ biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ woma emu da hɔ a.

Nea etwa to no, kae eyi.

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ yɛte ehu ne ehu kakra nka bere a yɛte koma mu nhwehwɛmu ho asɛm no. Nanso, seesei wunim sɛ ECG (Electrocardiogram) yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ ntɛm yiye, ɛnyɛ yaw, na ɛho hia yiye . Nsɛm a ɛde ma no betumi aka wo koma a ɛbɔ ne wo koma akwahosan ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo .

Ɛdenam nea ebefi ECG no mu aba so no, wubetumi afi ayaresa a wuhia no ase ntɛm, na aboa wo ma woanya apɔwmuden na woayɛ den. Enti, nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm biara a wowɔ wɔ ECG no ho, ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛyɛ ketewaa no. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo.

` ECG, EKG, electrocardiogram, koma mu nhwehwɛmu, komayare, koma a ɛbɔ, koma akwahosan