Momma yensua biribiara fa Pituitary Gland ho: wo nipadua no "adwumawura" ketewaa no!

So woasusuw pɛn sɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu, te sɛ kar engine, na ɛhwɛ wo nipadua nyinaa so? So ɛnyɛ nwonwa? Wɔfrɛ saa ntini ketewaa yi a ɛyɛ ketewaa te sɛ pea a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene ase a ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa pii no pituitary gland . Momma yɛnka ‘ɔpanyin’ ketewa yi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn ne pituitary gland no? Ɛhe na ɛwɔ?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo pituitary gland no yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ne kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ pea, a ɛwɔ w’amemene no ase, wɔ ɔfã foforo a ɛho hia a wɔfrɛ no hypothalamus ase pɛɛ. Ɛwɔ ɔdan ketewaa bi a wɔabɔ ho ban mu wɔ w’amemene no ase. Yɛfrɛ saa dan yi Sella Turcica . Eyi yɛ wo endocrine nhyehyɛe no fã . Ɛyɛ hormone ahorow pii a ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua, na ɛka kyerɛ endocrine ntini afoforo sɛ wonyi saa hormone ahorow yi mfi mu. Ɛyɛ ketewa, nanso ɛyɛ adwuma kɛse, ɛnte saa?

Seesei ebia woresusuw nea ntini yɛ ne nea hormone yɛ ho.

Gland yɛ akwaa bi a ɛma nneɛma biako anaa nea ɛboro saa te sɛ hormone, aduan mu nsu, fifiri, ne nusu. Endocrine glands yi hormone ahorow kɔ mogya no mu tẽẽ.

Hormone ahorow te sɛ nnuru abɔfo a ɛma yɛn nipadua no yɛ adwuma bom. Wɔnam mogya no mu na wɔde nkrasɛm kɔ akwaa, honam ani, ntini, ne ntini afoforo mu. Saa nkrasɛm yi kyerɛ nipadua no nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ.

Wo pituitary gland no mu akyekyɛ ayɛ no afã atitiriw abien: anim pituitary ( anim fã) ne akyi pituitary ( akyi fã). Mogya ntini ne ntini ketewaa bi a wɔfrɛ no pituitary stalk anaa infundibulum na ɛde saa ntini yi bata hypothalamus ho .

Dɛn ne hormone ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara a pituitary gland no yɛ?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nkwaadɔm a ɛho hia a efi saa ntini ketewa yi mu ba.

Hormone ahorow a efi Anterior Lobe no mu

Saa ɔfã yi ma nkwaadɔm a ɛho hia pii ba mogya no mu na ɛma ɛba.

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) anaa corticotrophin: Eyi ka sɛnea yɛn nipadua yɛ n’ade wɔ adwennwen ho . Ɛkanyan wo adrenal ntini no ma ɛyɛ "adwennwen hormone" cortisol . Cortisol wɔ dwumadi ahorow pii. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛhwɛ nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra so , ɛma mogya mmoroso kɔ so , ɛhwɛ mogya mu glucose dodow so , na ɛtew ɔfe so .
• Hormone a ɛkanyan ntini mu ntini (FSH): .Sɛ woyɛ ɔbarima a, FSH kanyan mmadwoa a wɔyɛ. Sɛ woyɛ ɔbea a, FSH kanyan awotwaa no ma ɛyɛ estrogen , na ɛno nso boa ma nkesua no nyin. Wɔsan frɛ no gonadotrophic hormone .
• Growth hormone (GH): Eyi boa mmofra ma wonyin, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wonyin tenten. Wɔ mpanyimfo mu no, ɛboa ma ntini ne nnompe yɛ yiye na ɛhwɛ srade a wɔkora so no so. GH nso ka wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra (ɔkwan a wofa so dan aduan a wudi no ma ɛbɛyɛ ahoɔden).
• Luteinizing hormone (LH): Ɛkanyan ovulation sɛ wowɔ mmadwoa a, na ɛkanyan testosterone a ɛba sɛ wowɔ mmadwoa a. LH nso yɛ gonadotrophic hormone efisɛ ɛhwɛ sɛnea awotwaa ne mmadwoa (a wɔsan frɛ no gonads ) no yɛ adwuma so.
• Prolactin: Eyi kanyan nufu a wɔde ma wɔ awo akyi. Ebetumi aka awo ne nna mu dwumadi nso wɔ mpanyimfo mu.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): TSH kanyan wo thyroid gland ma ɛyɛ thyroid hormone, na ɛboa ma wohwɛ wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, w’ahoɔden dodow, ne wo ntini ahorow so .

Nkwammoaa a efi Akyi Akyi

Saa ɔfã yi ntumi nyɛ hormone ahorow, nanso wɔkora hormone abien a hypothalamus no yɛ so wɔ ha na woyi gu mogya no mu bere a ɛho hia no.

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) anaa vasopressin: Saa hormone yi ma nsu ne sodium dodow a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no kari pɛ.
• Oxytocin: Hypothalamus na ɛyɛ oxytocin na pituitary gland no na ɛkora so na ɛyi firi mu. Ɛboa ma awo yɛ mmerɛw denam nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛde kɔ awotwaa no so sɛ ɛbɛtwetwe bere a awo no so. Ɛboa nso ma nufusu no gyae na ɛma abusuabɔ a ɛda awofo ne nkokoaa ntam no nya nkɔso. Oxytocin nso di dwuma wɔ mmadwoa a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu no mu.

Dɛn ne dwumadi atitiriw a pituitary gland no yɛ?

Ebia afei woate sɛnea saa ntini ketewa yi ho hia no ase. Ne dwumadi atitiriw no bi ni:

• Onyini
• Metabolism (kyerɛ sɛ, sɛnea wodan aduan a wudi no ma ɛbɛyɛ ahoɔden na woadi saa ahoɔden no ho dwuma) .
• Awo a wɔwo
• Adwennwen anaa nipadua mu opira a wɔyɛ ho biribi
• Nufu a wɔde ma
• Nsu ne sodium (nkyene) a ɛkari pɛ
• Awo ne awo

Fa w’adwene bu thermostat a ɛwɔ wo fie no ho hwɛ.Ɛte sɛ biako. Thermostat no hwɛ ɔhyew a ɛwɔ wo fie so bere nyinaa na ɛyɛ adwuma ma wo ho tɔ wo, ɛnte saa? Ɛde nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔma ɔhyew ne cooler no ma ɛma ɔhyew no kɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew saa dodow yi, na ama ɔhyew a ɛwɔ wo fie no akɔ so ayɛ nea ɛfata.

Wo pituitary gland no te sɛ wo ara, na ɛhwɛ wo nipadua no dwumadi ahorow so. Pituitary gland no nam ne hormone ahorow so de nkrasɛm kɔ w’akwaa ne wo ntini ahorow mu, na ɛka sɛ, ‘Nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ni, saa bere yi.’ Nsiesiei ahorow a ɛfata ma wo nipadua no gyina nneɛma pii te sɛ mfe a woadi ne wo bɔbeasu so.

Abusuabɔ bɛn na ɛda hypothalamus ne pituitary gland ntam?

Wo pituitary gland ne hypothalamus bom yɛ Hypothalamus-Pituitary complex no . Eyi te sɛ w’amemene no fã titiriw a ɛhwɛ so, na ɛhwɛ wo nipadua no dwumadi ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara so.

Hypothalamus yɛ w’amemene no fã a ɛyɛ nipadua no dwumadi atitiriw bi. Ɛde nkrasɛm kɔma wo autonomic nervous system , a ɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya mmoroso, koma bɔ, ne ahome so no. Ɛsan nso ka kyerɛ pituitary gland no sɛ wɔnyɛ hormone ahorow a ɛka nipadua no afã afoforo na wonyi mfi mu.

Sɛnea yɛaka dedaw no, pituitary ntini no nam pituitary dua no so bata hypothalamus ho . Ɛnam saa dua yi so na hypothalamus no nam hormone ahorow so ne anim pituitary gland no di nkitaho na ɛnam ntini mu nkate so ne akyi pituitary gland no di nkitaho. Hypothalamus no nso na ɛyɛ oxytocin ne hormone a ekum nsu mu nsu. Hypothalamus no na ɛkora saa nkwaadɔm yi so na ɛma ɛkɔ akyi pituitary gland no mu.

Hypothalamus no ne pituitary gland no di nkitaho na ɛkanyan no, na ɛma nkwaadɔm te sɛ:

• Nnuru a ɛma corticotrophin (CRH) .
• Dopamine a wɔde yɛ aduru
• Hormone a ɛma gonadotropin (GnRH) .
• Nnuru a ɛma obi nyin (GHRH) .
• Somatostatin a wɔde di dwuma
• Nnuru a ɛma thyrotropin fi nipadua mu (TRH) .

Esiane sɛ saa abien yi (hypothalamus ne pituitary) yɛ adwuma yiye nti, sɛ biako sɛe a, ebetumi aka ɔfoforo no hormone dwumadi nso.

So ebetumi aba sɛ wobɛtra ase a pituitary gland no nka ho?

Yiw, wubetumi atra ase a wo pituitary gland nka ho, nanso sɛ wobɛyɛ saa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔfrɛ no replacement therapy de si pituitary hormone ahorow a ayera no ananmu . Efisɛ pituitary hormone ahorow ho hia na ama dwumadi ahorow akɔ so ayɛ adwuma wɔ nipadua no mu. Sɛ pituitary hormone no nyinaa fi hɔ na wɔannya ayaresa a, ebetumi de nkwa ato asiane mu.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛka pituitary gland no?

Aduruyɛ mu tebea horow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛka pituitary gland no dwumadi anaasɛ ɛde ba. Yebetumi akyekyɛ eyinom mu akuw atitiriw anan:

• Pituitary adenomas a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Hypopituitarism a ɛma obi ho kyere no
• Hyperpituitarism a ɛma obi ho kyere no
• Empty sella yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no

Momma yɛnka eyinom mu biara ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri kakra.

Pituitary Adenomas a Ɛyɛ Fɛ

Eyi yɛ akisikuru bi a ɛnyɛ hu a ɛba wɔ pituitary gland no mu. Pituitary adenomas yɛ bɛyɛ 10% kosi 15% wɔ akisikuru a ɛba amemene no mu nyinaa mu.

Eyinom taa nyin yɛ akɛse koraa. Nanso, sɛ wɔyɛ akɛse paa a, wobetumi de yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne aba denam nneɛma a ɛbɛn a wɔbɛmia so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wotumi mia aniwa ntini no so, na ɛde anisoadehu mu haw ahorow ba (te sɛ aniwa a ɛyera wɔ akyirikyiri). Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ pituitary adenomas akɛse betumi ama mogya atu.

Pituitary adenomas binom ma pituitary hormone pii ba. Wɔfrɛ eyinom ``Functioning/Secreting`` adenomas . Ebinom ntumi nyɛ hormone biara. Wɔfrɛ eyinom ``Adenomas a ɛnyɛ adwuma`` .

Adenoma ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ adwuma, a egyina hormone a ɛyɛ so. Adenoma a ɛtaa yɛ adwuma ne prolactinoma . Eyi ma wonya prolactin pii dodo. Wɔtaa de nnuru sa prolactinomas.

Pituitary akisikuru a ɛsõ yiye na/anaasɛ ɛma hormone ahorow no hia ayaresa, mpɛn pii no oprehyɛn .

Hypopituitarism a ɛma obi ho kyere no

Eyi yɛ tebea a wo pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ hormone biako, pii, anaa ne nyinaa kakraa bi dodo.

Mpɛn pii no, wohu sɛ hormone biako a enni hɔ. Wɔfrɛ pituitary hormone abien anaa nea ɛboro saa a enni hɔ no panhypopituitarism . Mpɛn pii no eyi betumi aba bere a wɔayɛ pituitary oprehyɛn akyi anaasɛ bere a wɔde amemene no mu mframa abɔ akyi .

Nea ɛde hypopituitarism ba titiriw ne pituitary gland anaa hypothalamus a ɛsɛe.

Nyarewa pɔtee pii wɔ hɔ a ɛfa tebea yi ho:

• Onyin hormone a enni nipadua mu: Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ onyin hormone (GH) a ɛdɔɔso no. Wɔ mmofra fam no, onyin ne nkɔso nsɛe, na mmabunbere kyɛ. Wɔ mpanyimfo mu no, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no ho haw ahorow ba.
• Asikreyare a ɛwɔ mfinimfini a ɛnyɛ dɛ:Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ antidiuretic hormone (ADH) a ɛdɔɔso no. Eyi ma nipadua no yi nsu pii fi mu na entumi nkora nsu so.
• Central hypogonadism: Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ luteinizing hormone (LH) ne follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) a ɛdɔɔso no. Eyi de ɔhaw ahorow ba nna mu dwumadi, nkɔso, ne awo mu.
• Central adrenal insufficiency: Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ ACTH a ɛdɔɔso no. Eyi ma nipadua no ntumi nyɛ cortisol.
• Central hypothyroidism: Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) a ɛdɔɔso, na ɛma thyroid hormone dodow so tew.

Wɔsa hypopituitarism denam hormone ahorow a enni hɔ a wɔde ma wɔ abɔnten na wɔhwɛ saa dodow no so denam mogya mu nhwehwɛmu so.

Hyperpituitarism a ɛma obi ho kyere no

Eyi yɛ tebea a wo pituitary gland no yɛ hormone biako anaa nea ɛboro saa dodo. Mpɛn pii no, pituitary adenoma (akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram) a ɛyɛ adwuma nso na ɛde eyi ba.

Nyarewa pɔtee pii wɔ hɔ a ɛfa tebea yi ho:

• Acromegaly: Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no yɛ onyin hormone (GH) pii dodo wɔ mpanyin afe so no. Eyi ma nipadua no afã horow bi te sɛ nsa, anan, ne/anaasɛ nipadua no mu akwaa trɛw, na ɛma nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no mu haw ahorow ba.
• Gigantism: Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no ma onyin hormone (GH) pii ba wɔ mmofraase anaa mmerantebere ne mmabaabere mu no. Eyi ma onyin ntɛmntɛm na ɛma obi kɔ soro dodo.
• Cushing yare: Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no ma ACTH (a ɛma adrenal gland no yɛ cortisol pii) pii no. Eyi betumi ama obi mu duru akɔ soro mpofirim wɔ nipadua no mmeae bi, asikre a ɛwɔ mogya mu akɔ soro, na ebetumi mpo ama obi anya asikreyare a ɛto so abien .
• Hyperprolactinemia: Eyi ba bere a pituitary gland no ma prolactin pii ba no. Eyi betumi ama awo so atew na nufusu a efi nufu no mu (galactorrhea) .

Empty Sella Syndrome a Ɔyare no

Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi. Ɛba bere a pituitary gland no yɛ petee anaasɛ ɛyɛ ketewaa esiane ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ nnompe a atwa ho ahyia na ɛbɔ ho ban a wɔfrɛ no Sella Turcica . Sella Turcica yɛ ɔdan a ɛte sɛ atenae. Efi Latin asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ "Turkeyfo nkongua" mu.

Nkwammoaa a hwee nni mu yɛ radiographic a wɔde hu yare no.Mpɛn pii no, eyi nyɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea ankasa, na wohu wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ scan no.

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ESS betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ hormone a ɛnkari pɛ, ti a ɛtaa yɛ no yaw, ne nsakrae a ɛba n’ani so aba. Nanso, sɛ pituitary hormone dodow no yɛ nea ɛfata a, ɛnyɛ biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw adwene.

Sɛ ɔhaw ahorow wɔ pituitary gland no ho a, sɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛba?

Pituitary adenomas akɛse (eyinom yɛ akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram) betumi apia ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ anaasɛ asɛe. Eyi betumi de yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ:

• Aniwa so haw (te sɛ aniwa a ɛyera wɔ akyirikyiri) .
• Tipaeɛ
• Nkwammoaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnkari pɛ a ɛnam pituitary hormone a ɛkɔ soro anaa ɛso tew so ba

Pituitary hormone a ɛnkari pɛ no betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow aba, a egyina hormone a ɛka no so. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne:

• Mmofra nyin brɛoo anaasɛ wonyin dodo
• Mmea ne mmarima awo a ɛso tew (Infertility) .
• Brayɛ mu nna a ɛnkɔ so daa
• Mu duru a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew a ntease biara nnim
• Adwenemhaw ne/anaasɛ Dadwen

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne foforo bi a ɛkɔ so daa a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa. Wobetumi ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den de ahu sɛ ebia wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no fi hormone ho asɛm bi anaa biribi foforo.

Hena na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛka ɔhaw a ɛte sɛɛ ho asɛm kyerɛ?

Mpɛn pii no , ntini mu ntini ho animdefo na wɔsa pituitary gland haw ahorow .

Endocrinologist yɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a ɛfa hormone ho. Obetumi ahu endocrine (hormonal) nyarewa, ayɛ ayaresa ne ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe, na wakyerɛw nnuru ama obi.

Sɛ wowɔ pituitary gland ho haw bi, te sɛ pituitary adenoma, a ɛka amemene no nhyehyɛe na/anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn a, ebia ebehia sɛ wokɔ ntini mu oprehyɛn ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu pituitary gland haw ahorow?

Esiane sɛ wo pituitary gland no ma hormone ahorow kɔ wo mogya mu tẽẽ nti, nnuruyɛfo taa nam mogya mu nhwehwɛmu so susuw pituitary hormone dodow .

Sɛ wo hormone dodow nkɔ so pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wo duruyɛfo nso betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mfonini mu nhwehwɛmu te sɛ CT scan anaa MRI scan na ama wɔahu sɛ ebia ɔhaw bi wɔ pituitary gland no mu anaa. Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ pituitary MRI titiriw bi na ama wɔahu pituitary gland ne ne dua no pefee.

Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn ama yɛn pituitary gland no anya apɔwmuden?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so ama wo pituitary gland no anya apɔwmuden ne sɛ wobɛbɔ wo ti ho ban. Ti a opira ne amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu (TBIs) .Ebetumi asɛe wo pituitary gland no, na ama ayɛ hormone pii dodo anaa kakraa bi.

Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw ti ne amemene mu opira ano ni:

• Hyɛ ahobammɔ bɛlt bere biara a wowɔ kar mu.
• Ka kar a dwoodwoo.
• Hyɛ dade kyɛw bere a wote sakre, moto, anaa agumadi a ɛfa nkitahodi ho.
• Fa nneɛma bi siw asehwe ano, titiriw sɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobɛhwe ase a. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛma ahoɔden ne kari pɛ kɔ soro, akwanside ne nneɛma a ɛyɛ hwerɛma a wubeyi afi wo fie, ade a wode boa wo nantew a wode bedi dwuma, ne w’ani a wobɛhwɛ.
• Sɛ wowɔ mmofra nkumaa a, ma mmeae a wɔte na wodi agoru no nyɛ nea ahobammɔ wom.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn fa pituitary gland ho?

Sɛ wowɔ pituitary adenoma ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne/anaasɛ hormone a ɛnkari pɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa. Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi ahwɛ sɛ ebia mfomso bi wɔ wo pituitary gland no ho anaa.

Sɛ nnansa yi ara woapira w’amemene mu kɛse (Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI) , ɛda adi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ sɛnea wo pituitary gland no yɛ adwuma no so ahwɛ sɛ ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye ne sɛ ebia opira no asɛe no anaa.

Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ni (Take-Home Message):

Wo pituitary gland no yɛ gland ketewaa bi ankasa, nanso ɛwɔ tumi a ɛhwɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia pii so wɔ wo nipadua nyinaa mu! Ɛte sɛ ‘ɔpanyin’ ketewaa bi.

Ɛma hormone ahorow a ɛhwɛ nneɛma pii so, a nea ɛka ho ne wo nyin, aduan a woyam, wo awo, ne sɛnea wudi adwennwen ho dwuma. Enti, saa ntini ketewa yi a wobɛma ayɛ yiye no ho hia yiye.

• Hwɛ wo ti so: hyɛ dade kyɛw, tena hɔ dwoodwoo.
• Hwɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ soronko: Sɛ wo ti yɛ wo yaw bere nyinaa, w’aniwa nhu ade yiye, wo mu duru sesa mpofirim, anaa wobrɛ kɛse a, ka kyerɛ oduruyɛfo.
• Mma ɛnhaw wo: pituitary gland haw dodow no ara wɔ ayaresa pa. Sɛ wohu ntɛm a, wobetumi adi wɔn ho dwuma yiye.

Seesei wunim wo nipadua no fã ketewaa a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi ho nsɛm pii. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa biribi a ɛhaw wo a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Pituitary gland, hormone, amemene, endocrine nhyehyɛe, pituitary nyarewa, hypothalamus, onyin hormone