So woasusuw wo menewa ho pɛn? Da biara, sɛ yɛhome, yedidi, na yɛnom a, saa menewa yi boa yɛn kɛse a yennim. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛte sɛ afiri a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, na ɛyɛ nnwuma ahorow pii. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka saa menewa yi, anaa sɛnea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no, ahurututu no ho asɛm. So woasiesie wo ho?

Enti, dɛn ne saa ahurututu yi?

Okay, momma yenni kan nhwɛ nea pharynx yɛ. Wo menewa anaa wo hwene yɛ akwaa a ɛte sɛ funnel, a ɛyɛ ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma pii prɛko pɛ. Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛboa wo ma wohome nko, na mmom ɛkyerɛ aduan a wudi na wonom no kwan kɔ wo aduan mu. Ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia paa, ɛnte saa? Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wo hwene mu yɛ den a, ɛho hia sɛ wokwati sigaretnom na wobɔ wo ho ban fi nyarewa ho.

Dɛn ne dwumadi atitiriw a awotwaa no yɛ?

Afei, ma yɛnhwɛ nea saa menewa anaa ahurututu yi yɛ. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ nneɛma abien a ɛho hia paa.

• Mframa kwan a wosiesie: Ɔhome nhyehyɛe no dwumadi titiriw biako ne sɛ ɛbɛhwɛ ahu sɛ home a yɛfa yɛn hwene anaa yɛn ano no bɛkɔ fam yiye, afa yɛn ahurututu mu, akɔ ahurututu no mu na afi hɔ akɔ ahurututu no mu. Ɛte sɛ nea woreyɛ mframa kwan no tẽẽ koraa.
• Aduan ne nsu a yɛbɛkyerɛ kwan akɔ ɔkwan pa so: Ade foforo a ɛho hia ne sɛ yɛbɛkyerɛ aduan ne anonne a yedi na yɛnom no kwan akɔ ɔkwan pa so akɔ yafunu no mu, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛwo yafunu mu. Wɔde ahokokwaw kɛse nso yɛ eyi.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ wudidi a, sɛ saa aduan mu nneɛma nketenkete no kɔ mframa mu a, dɛn na ɛba? Ɛno yɛ ɔhaw kɛse, ɛnte saa? Saa ahurututu yi yɛ adwuma kɛse de siw ɛno kwan, na ɛde aduan mu nneɛma nketenkete ne nsu kɔ aduan no mu tẽẽ, sen sɛ ɛde bɛkɔ ahurututu ne ahurututu mu. Ɛte sɛ ɔpon ano hwɛfo ara pɛ, a ɔkyekyɛ nneɛma mu yɛ no akwan abien a ɛsono emu biara.

Ɛhe na ahurututu no wɔ?

Okay, afei ebia woresusuw baabi a saa menewa anaa ahurututu yi wɔ ho. Ɛwɔ yɛn kɔn mfinimfini. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛwɔ ti nhwi no ase pɛɛ, ɛwɔ aduannoa ne ahurututu no atifi pɛɛ. Sɛ woka wo kɔn a, ɛhɔ na akwaa nwonwaso yi wɔ.

Dɛn ne anom no afã horow?

Afã atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ ade a wɔfrɛ no ahurututu yi mu. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ. Ɛwom sɛ ebia edin ahorow yi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea nyansahu mu de kakra de, nanso ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛte ase.

• Nasopharynx: Eyi ne menewa no fã a ɛwɔ soro no. Eyi ne baabi a wo hwene ne wo home nhyehyɛe no di nkitaho. Sɛ yɛhome fa yɛn hwene mu a, mframa di kan fa eyi mu.
• Oropharynx:Eyi wɔ wo menewa mfinimfini. Ɛwɔ tonsils (glands) a ɛwɔ wo tɛkrɛma ase na ɛne w’anom ntini no wɔ abusuabɔ. Biribiara a yɛhome, yedi, na yɛnom no fa saa anom yi mu. Ɛne sɛ, ɛte sɛ ɔkwan a mframa ne aduan nyinaa fa so.
• Hypopharynx: Eyi ne anom no fã a ɛba fam sen biara. Ɛha na wosisi gyinae ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara. Ɛhwɛ sɛnea aduan fa kɔ aduan mu ne aduan mu, ne sɛnea mframa fa anom na ɛkɔ ahurututu mu no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ahurututu no te?

Seesei ebia woresusuw sɛnea saa menewa anaa ahurututu yi te ho. Ɛyɛ tube a ne tenten bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 4 kɛkɛ. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔayɛ no te sɛ funnel. Ɛtrɛw wɔ soro na ɛyɛ teateaa kakra wɔ ase. Ɛyɛ ntini dodow no ara. Saa ntini ahorow yi na ɛma menewa no tu bere a womene aduan no. Nanso, ntini ketewaa bi nso wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ anom akyi, na ɛma ɛyɛ den kakra.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛtaa ka anom?

Yɛn menewa anaa yɛn hwene a ɛho hia no betumi anya nyarewa ahorow. Ebi abu so kɛse, bere a afoforo nso betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm koraa. Ma yɛnhwɛ tebea horow a ɛtaa ba no bi.

• Menewa mu yaw (Pharyngitis): Eyi yɛ biribi a yɛn nyinaa nya bere nyinaa, ɛnte saa? Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ menewa a ɛyɛ yaw, ɛyaw a ɛba bere a ɔremene, ne ebia ne nne a ɛsakra.
• Nea ɛde ba: Tonsillitis, a ɛyɛ akisikuru a ɛyɛ hyew, ɔyare mmoawa ahorow (yare mmoawa anaa ɔyare mmoawa), akisikuru, anaa anom home betumi ama menewa mu yaw yi aba.
• Nyarewa: Nyarewa ahorow ahorow betumi aka menewa no.
• Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba: Eyi ho nhwɛso pa ne menewa mu yare a wɔfrɛ no strep throat, a ebetumi ama obi menewa mu ayɛ no yaw kɛse na wanya atiridiinini.
• Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba: Mmenewa mu yare nso betumi afi mmoawa te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, anaa mononucleosis mu. Wɔ saa mmere yi mu no, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ nipadua mu yaw ne hwene a ɛretu bɛka menewa a ɛyɛ yaw ho.
• Kokoram: Kokoram nso betumi aba menewam. Eyinom yɛ tebea horow a emu yɛ den kakra. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubehu eyinom ntɛm.
• Nhwɛso ahorow: Anom kokoram, Oropharyngeal kokoram, ne Hypopharyngeal kokoram.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene (Dysphagia): Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den ama wo sɛ wobɛmene aduan anaa anonne. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ aduan akɔhyɛ wo menewam, anaasɛ wobɛte yaw bere a woremene no.
• Ntease ahorow:Eyi betumi afi tebea bi te sɛ ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase, yare a ɛka ntini te sɛ multiple sclerosis (MS), anaa yare foforo a ɛka ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no, efisɛ ntini a ɛma obi mene ade no di so.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya menewam haw

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ menewam, kyerɛ sɛ, anom. Nanso kae sɛ, sɛ wunya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ yare a emu yɛ den. Nanso, sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ano mmrɛw nna kakraa bi mu, anaa sɛ ɛkɔ so a, so ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Ɛno ne ade a ahobammɔ wom sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba no bi ni:

• Menewa mu yaw a ɛkɔ so tra hɔ a ɛnbrɛ ase wɔ nna kakraa bi mu.
• Aduan anaa anonne a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene, anaa ɛyaw bere a ɔremene no.
• Aso a ɛtaa yɛ no yaw (ɛtɔ mmere bi a menewa mu haw betumi aka aso no).
• Atiridiinini a ɛboro digrii Celsius 39 (digrii Fahrenheit 103). Ebia eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ akuru bi wɔ wo kɔn mu, titiriw wɔ w’akyi.
• Ɛte nka sɛ kɔn no ayɛ mmerɛw, ayɛ den, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛdan.
• Ɛnne a ɛsakra mpofirim anaasɛ ɛyɛ dede, a ɛtra hɔ adapɛn pii.
• Mu duru a wɔtew so a ntease biara nnim.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, yɛsrɛ wo hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.

Dɛn ne nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ de hwehwɛ m’anom?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo bi susuw sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo menewa, anaa wo hwene mu a, ebia wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow. Eyinom bi ne:

• Biopsy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ woyi ntini ketewaa bi fi menewa no fã bi a ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ mu na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu. Eyi ho hia yiye sɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ hɔ sɛ biribi te sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ a.
• Laryngoscopy anaa Pharyngoscopy: Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de afiri a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi wom hyɛ menewa no mu na ɔhwɛ nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ menewa no mu tẽẽ.
• Throat culture / Throat swab: Wɔfa nsuo a ɛfiri menewa mu na wɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu hwɛ sɛ mmoawa anaa mmoawa foforɔ bi wɔ mu anaa. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu tebea horow te sɛ strep throat.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow: Eyinom bi ne sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) anaa MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan). Eyinom tumi twa menewa no mu ne ntini a atwa ho ahyia no ho mfonini pefee. Eyinom betumi aboa ma woahu sɛ akisikuru anaa kokoram bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi ama me menewa, anaa me hwene, ayɛ yiye?

Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ yɛn menewa, anom, a ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia saa no, ɛnte saa? Anyɛ saa a, ɔhome ne adidi nyinaa betumi abɛyɛ ɔhaw. Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den, nanso ɛho hia yiye a wubetumi ayɛ wɔ ho ni:

• Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kwati sigaretnom: Tawa a wɔnom (ɛnyɛ sigaret, bidi, sigaret nko, na mmom tawa a wusiw nnim mpo) ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya menewam kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Enti sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret a, susuw ho sɛ wubegyae nnɛ. Ɛno ne mmoa kɛse a wubetumi ayɛ ama wo menewam.
• Kwati wusiw a wɔde di dwuma: Sɛ wohome wusiw a ɛwɔ afoforo sigaret mu a, ebetumi asɛe wo menewa nso. Ɛyɛ bɔne te sɛ sigaret a w’ankasa wobɛnom no ara pɛ. Enti twe wo ho fi mmeae a ɛtete saa ho sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Bɔ wo ho ban fi nyarewa ho: Fa samina ne nsu hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii, titiriw ansa na woadidi ne bere a wode aguaree akɔ awie no. Ma wo ne nnipa a wɔyare ntam nware. Saa ahotew ho su a ɛnyɛ den yi betumi aboa wo ma woakwati menewa mu nyarewa te sɛ strep throat, atiridiinini, ne atiridiinini.
• Nom nsu pii: Wo menewa a wobɛma ayɛ nwini no ho hia yiye. Eyi bɛma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo menewa bɛyow, ayɛ mmerɛw, na ayɛ wo yaw no so atew. Fa yɛ wo su sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no wobɛnom nsu nkuruwa 8 da biara.
• Hwɛ yiye bere a wode wo nne redi dwuma no: Sɛ woyɛ obi a woteɛteɛm pii anaa wowɔ adwuma a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wokasa pii a, gye w’ahome bere tiaa bi wɔ ntam. Ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wode wo menewa bɛbɔ wo ho mmɔden dodo.

Enti, dɛn na wopɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no mu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo menewa anaa wo hwene yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛyɛ adwuma pii. Ɛho hia ma wo home ne wo aduan mu nneɛma nyinaa. Ɛboa ma ɔhome kɔ w’ahurututu mu na ɛma aduan kɔ wo yafunu mu. Ɛte sɛ nhyiam bi a ɛhwɛ akwan abien a ɛkɔ afã abien no nyinaa so.

Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛma wo menewa mu ayɛ den. Nneɛma nketenkete te sɛ sigaretnom a wobɛkwati, wo ho a wobɛbɔ ho ban afi ɔyare mmoawa ho, ne nsu pii a wobɛnom betumi aboa wo ma woayɛ eyi. Kae sɛ, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wo menewam, te sɛ ɛyaw anaa ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Enti, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo menewa so, ɛyɛ?

` Pharynx, menewa, ɔhome nhyehyɛe, aduan mu nhyehyɛe, menewa mu yaw, menewa akwahosan