Asɛm bi a ɛfa yɛn nkwammoaa ho: Momma yensua Flow Cytometry sɔhwɛ no ho ade wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so!

So woate sɔhwɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no Flow Cytometry ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wo duruyɛfo aka nhwehwɛmu yi ho asɛm akyerɛ wo. Anaasɛ ebia ɛyɛ ade foforo ma wo. Nanso, ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia yiye a ɛboa yɛn ma yehu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho nsɛm pii. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan tiawa bi so a wubetumi ate ase.

Dɛn ne Flow Cytometry?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, flow cytometry yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu a wɔde hwehwɛ nkwammoaa anaa nneɛma nketenkete a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ho nsɛm. Fa no sɛ ɔsraani ketewaa bi a ɔrehwɛ yɛn afiase dan mu.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na woatumi ayɛ eyi no, di kan de wo nkwammoaa (a ebetumi ayɛ mogya, nnompe mu ntini, anaa ntini foforo) bi ahyɛ nsu mu. Afei, lab mfiridwumayɛfo bi de nnuru soronko a wɔde ko tia nyarewa a ɛma hann ka nkwammoaa no ho. Saa nnuru yi hu protein pɔtee bi a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa no so anaa emu na ɛbata ho. Ɔkwan foforo so no, wɔde nkyerɛwde ketewaa bi, anaa ‘tag’ bata saa protein ahorow no ho. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ saa adeyɛ yi Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) .

Afei wɔde saa nkwammoaa a wɔasiesie yi gu afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no flow cytometer mu. Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ, kɔmputa a wɔde abɔ afiri yi ho no tumi hwehwɛ nkwammoaa bɛyɛ 10,000 mu wɔ simma biako pɛ mu! So ɛno nyɛ ntɛmntɛm yiye?

Enti, dɛn na wɔde sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma?

Nnuruyɛfo de saa flow cytometry sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma wɔ nneɛma pii mu. Titiriw no:

• Nkwammoaa dodow: Hwehwɛ nkwammoaa dodow pɔtee a ɛwɔ nhwɛsode bi mu.
• Nkwammoaa a wɔhyehyɛ: Tetew nkwammoaa ahorow mu na kyerɛ.
• Nkwammoaa su ne ne dwumadi a wobehu: Hwehwɛ nneɛma te sɛ sɛnea nkwammoaa bi te ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma.
• Mogya ne nnompe mu kokoram a wobehu na wɔasa: Eyi ho hia yiye na ama wɔahu nyarewa te sɛ mogya mu kokoram ne lymphoma.
• Biomarkers a wobenya: Eyinom yɛ nneɛma a wobetumi akyerɛ sɛnea kokoram bɛyɛ n’ade ne sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ n’ade wɔ ayaresa ho.
• Immunophenotyping: Kyerɛw na yɛkyekyɛ nkwammoaa ahorow a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ flow cytometry sɔhwɛ no?

Nnuruyɛfo de sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma de nya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho nsɛm a emu dɔ. Ne titiriw no:

• Sua nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no ho ade: Hwɛ nkwammoaa dodow a ɛko tia nyarewa a yɛwɔ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ne ahorow a ɛyɛ.
• Hu kokoram nkwammoaa na te wɔn su ase: Hwehwɛ sɛnea kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ soronko wɔ nkwammoaa afoforo ho ne nea ɛyɛ wɔn su.
• Hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu:
• Mogya mu kokoram: Sɛ nhwɛso no, nyarewa te sɛ mogya mu kokoram ne lymphoma.
• Mogya mu haw afoforo: Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) ne antithrombin a enni nipadua no mu.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no dwumadi: Hwɛ sɛ ebia nyarewa te sɛ AIDS (HIV) ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu no wɔ hɔ anaa.

Ade foforo ne sɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a bere a wɔayɛ wo mogya dodow a edi mũ (CBC) akyi no, sɛ wohia nsɛm pii a egyina nea efii mu bae so a, wobetumi ayɛ saa flow cytometry nhwehwɛmu yi. Ne titiriw no, sɛ CBC no kyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa bi a wɔfrɛ no lymphocytes no kɔ soro, sɛ nkwammoaa afoforo dodow a ɛnteɛ wɔ hɔ, anaasɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ennyinii wɔ hɔ a, wobetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi.

Ɛnyɛ kokoram a wobehu nko na saa sɔhwɛ yi ho hia yiye, na mmom kokoram a wɔbɛsa nso. Ɛyɛ:

• Susuw sɛnea kokoram no basabasayɛ te ho hwɛ.
• Hwɛ sɛ kokoram no bɛyɛ n’ade wɔ ayaresa pɔtee bi ho anaa .
• Eyi nso boa ma wohu sɛ ebia kokoram no asan aba bio wɔ ayaresa akyi anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa flow cytometry afiri yi yɛ adwuma? Ɛyɛ nwonwa!

Saa afiri a wɔde hwɛ sɛnea nkwammoaa a ɛsen fa nsu mu yi hwehwɛ nkwammoaa mu nneɛma ne nnuru a ɛwɔ mu no mu ntɛmntɛm. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ nkwammoaa denam mfoninitwa afiri a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm yiye so. Sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma ni:

1. Nhwɛsoɔ no a wobɛsiesie: Nea ɛdi kan no, lab technician no fa wo mogya, ntini, anaa nnompe mu ntini bi na ɔde gu nsuo mu (a wɔfrɛ no `suspension` ). Afei, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, wɔde aduru titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no `fluorescently tagged antibodies` ka nkwammoaa no ho. Afei wɔde nkwammoaa mu aduru a wɔasiesie no hyɛ flow cytometer no mu.

2. Nkwammoaa a wɔde hyɛ mu ne laser hann: Wɔ afiri no mu no, wɔahyehyɛ nkwammoaa yi wɔ toatoa so biako, mmiako mmiako. Fa no sɛ, te sɛ sukuu mmofra a wɔhyehyɛ wɔn ho ntonto. Afei, nkwammoaa a ɛtoatoa so yi twam wɔ laser hann bi anim, mmiako mmiako. Sɛ laser hann no bɔ nkwammoaa no a, hann no bɔ apete, kyerɛ sɛ hann a apete.

3. Nkwammoaa a wɔkan na wɔhyehyɛ: Flow cytometer no kan nkwammoaa na ɛkyekyɛ mu denam ɔkwan a laser hann no fa so bɔ hann bere a ɛbɔ nkwammoaa no so no so. Ɛsono sɛnea nkwammoaa biara bɔ hann pete. Afiri no yɛ eyi denam saa nsonsonoe no a ohu no so.

4. 4. .Data a ɛkɔ kɔmputa so: Wɔde nsɛm (data) a afiri no boaboa ano wɔ saa kwan yi so nyinaa kɔ kɔmputa a wɔde abɔ mu.

5. Amanneɛbɔ awo ntoatoaso: Kɔmputa no hwehwɛ saa nsɛm yi mu na ɛyɛ amanneɛbɔ, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ dot anaa bar graph .

6. Pathologist nhwehwɛmu: Awiei koraa no, pathologist – aduruyɛ mu ɔbenfo a ɔhwehwɛ nyarewa – hwehwɛ saa graphs ne data yi mu na ɔde krataa bi a nea wahu ne nea ɔde baa awiei wom ka nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ no ho.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ ansa na mayɛ flow cytometry nhwehwɛmu? So biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro?

Mpɛn pii no, gye sɛ wo duruyɛfo de akwankyerɛ titiriw ama wo, ahosiesie titiriw biara nni hɔ a ɛho hia ansa na wɔayɛ flow cytometry sɔhwɛ yi.

Wo duruyɛfo behia mogya, ntini, anaa nnompe mu ntini bi na ama watumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi. Mpɛn pii no wobetumi afa saa nhwɛsode yi wɔ wo duruyɛfo adwumayɛbea bere a worekɔsra hɔ no. Sɛ wɔfa nhwɛsode no wie a, wɔde kɔ lab ma wɔsɔ hwɛ.

Sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no wie flow cytometry sɔhwɛ no wie a, ɔbɛhwehwɛ data no mu na ɔde amanneɛbɔ akɔma wo duruyɛfo a ɔsrɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ asiane biara nni hɔ a wonim mprempren ma wo sɛ wobɛyɛ saa flow cytometry sɔhwɛ yi. Enti nsuro eyi a ɛho nhia.

Nea afi mu aba no te dɛn? Dɛn na wɔka kyerɛ yɛn?

Mpɛn pii no egye nna kakraa bi kosi dapɛn biako ansa na woanya nea efi flow cytometry nhwehwɛmu mu ba, a egyina lab a wo duruyɛfo de di dwuma no so.

Ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no hwɛ agyiraehyɛde ahorow a ɛwɔ wo nkwammoaa no ani a wɔfrɛ no antigens .

• Nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw wɔ antigenic nhyehyɛe a ɛfata a ɛfata saa nkwammoaa no ne ne nyin fã.
• Saa nhyehyɛe yi yɛ soronko wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so mu . Saa nsakrae yi betumi akyerɛ sɛ mogya mu kokoram, lymphoma, anaa aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo wɔ hɔ.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo nsa ka nhwehwɛmu no ho amanneɛbɔ a, ɔbɛhwɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no krataa a ɛyɛ nsɛm a kɔmputa no ayɛ mu nhwehwɛmu afi flow cytometer no mu no mu nsɛm tiawa no mu yiye.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo rekyerɛ nea efii wo flow cytometry mu bae ase a, obesusuw wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, w’akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm, ne nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a woayɛ nnansa yi ho . Ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea afi mu aba no mu akyerɛ wo na wakyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛkyerɛ mu. Ɔde saa nsɛm yi nso bedi dwuma de asi nea ɔbɛyɛ akyi.

Nyarewa bɛn na nea efi mu ba a ɛnteɛ betumi akyerɛ?

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, ebetumi akyerɛ tebea horow te sɛ:

• Leukemia a emu yɛ den a ɛma mogya tu
• Leukemia a ɛyɛ hu a ɛyɛ myeloid
• Leukemia a enni sabea a ɛma mogya tu
• Myeloma a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu pii
• Nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ Hodgkin (eyinom betumi ayɛ B-nkwaboaa ne T-nkwaboaa ahorow nyinaa) .

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ nea ɛfata a, dɛn na ɛba akyi?

Wo duruyɛfo no ne wo bɛka nea efii wo flow cytometry mu bae ne ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho asɛm. Saa nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ yi bɛboa wo duruyɛfo ma wate sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den, sɛ ebia ayaresa pɔtee bi fata wo, ne sɛnea ɛda adi sɛ wo kokoram no bɛsan aba bio bere a wɔasa wo yare no ase . Ɔde saa nsɛm yi nyinaa bɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo.

Nyarewa bi gye bere kakra ansa na wɔahu. Ebia woayɛ sɔhwɛ pii, nanso woda so ara nni mmuae a ɛfata, na ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, "Na sɛ meyɛ sɔhwɛ foforo nso ɛ?" Nanso gye me di sɛ saa flow cytometry sɔhwɛ yi betumi ama wo duruyɛfo anya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no ho nsɛm a ɛsom bo pii. Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛbɛboa ma woahu yare no nko, na mmom ɛbɛboa wo ma woayɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfa wo ho a ɛfa wo pɔtee ho nso.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyinom nyinaa mu? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Okay, ma menbɔ nsɛntitiriw a ɛho hia sen biara a efi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu no bi mua:

• Flow cytometry yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri yiye a ɛsua nkwammoaa ho ade kɔ akyiri.
• Eyi boa ma wohu mogya mu kokoram, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa, ne nyarewa afoforo dodow bi .
• Mpɛn pii no, sɔhwɛ no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔfa mogya, nnompe mu ntini, anaa ntini bi .
• Saa sɔhwɛ yi nhwehwɛ sɛ wosiesie wɔn ho pii ansa na wɔayɛ, na asiane biara nni mu.
• Nea efi mu ba no ma oduruyɛfo no nya wo tebea no, ayaresa a ɛfata, ne sɛnea yare no bɛkɔ so no ho nsɛm a ɛho hia .
• Eyi yɛ adwinnade a ɛsom bo yiye a ɛboa wo duruyɛfo ma ɔyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo .

Enti, sɛ oduruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ flow cytometry nhwehwɛmu mma wo anaa obi a wunim no a, nsuro. Hu no sɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so anya w’akwahosan ho ntease pa na aboa wo ma woanya ayaresa a eye sen biara. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi a, bisa wo duruyɛfo.

` Flow cytometry, nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu, mogya mu kokoram, nhwehwɛmu, nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa, aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu, nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu