So woyɛ obi a wohwɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ho drama wɔ TV so? Anaasɛ woyɛ obi a wususuw sɛ, "Dɛn ankasa na ɛtoo owu yi?" bere a wuhu atesɛm mu asɛm bi a ɛfa owu bi a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm ho wɔ atesɛm krataa mu no? Wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu no, asɛmfua biako a yɛtaa te ne "Forensic Pathologist." Nanso yɛn mu pii nnim onii ko a saa forensic pathologist titiriw yi yɛ ne nea wɔn dwumadi yɛ. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka aduruyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia yiye yi ho asɛm.
Hena ne saa ‘asɛnnibea oduruyɛfo titiriw’ yi?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, forensic pathologist yɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ owu a wɔnhwɛ kwan, adwenem naayɛ, nea ɛnyɛ awosu, anaa basabasayɛ so ho. Wɔn na wɔhwehwɛ nea ɛde owu bae, ɔkwan a wɔfaa so wui, ne aduruyɛ mu adanse biara a ɛfata a ɛfa ho.
Wɔyɛ saa adwuma yi titiriw denam owu akyi nhwehwɛmu, anaa amu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ so . Ɛne sɛ, aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ obi a wawu amu ho. Wɔn adwuma no ne nnuruyɛ ne mmara nso wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse.
"Pathology" yɛ aduruyɛ baa dwumadibea a ɛhwehwɛ nipadua mu ntini nhwɛsode mu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu de hu nyarewa anaasɛ wɔde yɛ asɛnnibea. Asɛmfua "forensic" kyerɛ sɛ "ɛfa nyansahu kwan a wɔfa so siesie nsɛmmɔnedi ho." Nanso wɔ saa din yi nyinaa akyi no, ɛnyɛ owu biara a asɛnnibea nnuruyɛfo hwehwɛ mu no na ɛyɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ankasa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ akwanhyia anaa aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a wonhuu bi.
Nneɛma bɛn na nnuruyɛfo yi ho akokwaw?
Forensic pathologist yɛ obi a wanya ntetee titiriw a ɛboro oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ daa de so koraa. Wɔn nimdeɛ no fa nneɛma pii ho. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛnonom yɛ.
| Afuo a Wɔayɛ no Titiriw | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Awudisɛm ho adesua | Eyi ne nyansahu a ɛsua awuduru, sɛnea ɛka nipadua no, ne sɛnea wohu no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔnam eyi so hwehwɛ owu a nneɛma te sɛ carbon monoxide awuduru, ɔwɔ anaa nkoekoemmoa a wɔka wɔn, ne opioid anaa nsa a wɔnom boro so de ba no mu. Wɔ Sri Lanka no, owu a nneɛma te sɛ nnuru a wɔde yɛ kua de ba nso ba saa kuw yi ase. Sɛ obi susuw sɛ awuduru bi ahyɛ no ma a, nya ho nsɛm.Wubetumi afrɛ Ɔman Awuduru Ho Amanneɛbɔbea a ɛwɔ Ɔman Ayaresabea hɔ. |
| Nyansahu a ɛfa atuo ne atuo ho (Ballistics) . | Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobesua sɛnea atuo te sɛ atuo tu ne nkɛntɛnso a ɛde ba no ho ade. Sɛ obi kum obi esiane tuo a wɔapirapira no nti a, nimdeɛ yi ho hia na ama wɔahu ɔkwan pɔtee a atuo no kɔɔ nipadua no mu ne ɔsɛe a ɛde bae. |
| Trace Adanse a Wɔde Di Dwuma | Eyinom ne nneɛma nketenkete paa a wogyaw wɔ akyi bere a nnipa anaa nneɛma abien bɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ atade bi, nipadua mu nsu, atuo, ti nhwi, nsateaa nkyerɛwee. Ɛwom sɛ aniwa ntumi nhu eyinom de, nanso ebetumi ayɛ adanse a ɛho hia a ɛbɛma wɔahu nea ɛde owu bae. |
| Serology ho adesua | Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wosua mogya ne nipadua mu nsu afoforo ho ade. Asɛnnibea nyansahufo de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ saa nhwɛsode ahorow yi mu anaasɛ wɔde mfiri ahorow di dwuma de sɔ hwɛ. Eyi betumi ada nneɛma pii adi, te sɛ owufo no mogya ne sɛ ebia na wɔwɔ ayaresa tebea bi anaa. |
| DNA mfiridwuma | DNA yɛ yɛn awosu mu nsɛm. Asɛnnibea nyansahufo de saa mfiridwuma yi di dwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde di dwuma de toto DNA nhwɛsode bi a wohuu wɔ baabi a wɔyɛɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ho no toto obi a wosusuw sɛ ɔyɛ ɔsɛmmɔnedifo DNA ho, anaasɛ wɔde si so dua sɛ onipa bi a wonnim no yɛ. |
Dɛn ankasa na forensic pathologist yɛ?
Adwuma titiriw a obi a ɔyɛ owudifo yɛ ne sɛ obehu ɔkwan a ɔfa so wu, bere, ne ɔkwan a ɔfa so wu bere a obi wu a wɔnhwɛ kwan anaasɛ basabasayɛ wom no. Ɔkwan a wɔfaa so wui ne sɛ ebia na owu no yɛ awudi, obi a okum ne ho, akwanhyia, awosu, anaasɛ wɔanhyɛ da.
Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wahu saa nneɛma yi no, asɛnnibea ho nyansahufo di anammɔn yi akyi:
- Owufo no a wobesi so dua: Ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobesi owufo no so dua. Wɔboaboa nsɛm a ɛho hia ano.
- Owufo no aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a yebesua: Yɛhwɛ owufo no nyarewa ne nnuru a wadi kan anya mu, efisɛ eyi betumi ama yɛahu nea ɛde owu bae.
- Nsɛmmɔnedibea adanse a wɔhwehwɛ mu: Sɛ wosusuw sɛ owu bi yɛ nsɛmmɔnedi a, yɛne polisifo yɛ adwuma hwehwɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda adanse a ɛwɔ baabi a wɔyɛɛ nsɛmmɔnedi no ne owu no ntam.
- Amu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ: Eyi ne wɔn adwuma titiriw. Wɔde ahwɛyiye hwehwɛ nipadua no mu, wɔ akyi ne emu nyinaa, sɛ ebia apirakuru anaa nyarewa biara wɔ hɔ anaa. Wɔkyerɛw biribiara a wohu, efisɛ eyi betumi ayɛ adanse a ɛho hia yiye wɔ asɛnnibea.
- Asɛnnibea adanse a wɔboaboa ano na wɔhwehwɛ mu: Wɔboaboa adanse a wɔde wɔn adwene si so, te sɛ nhwi, asaawa asinasin, ne nneɛma nketenkete a wohu wɔ honam ani hwɛbea ase ano na wɔhwehwɛ mu wɔ aduruyɛdan mu.
Sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi nyinaa wie a, owudifo no besiesie amanneɛbɔ a wɔakyerɛw a edi mũ a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛde owu bae, bere, ne ɔkwan a ɔfaa so wui no mu. Sɛ ɛho hia a, ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wodi adanse sɛ ɔdansefo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ asennibea wɔ saa nokwasɛm ahorow yi ho.
Wɔ afunu mu nhwehwɛmu akyi no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a asɛnnibea nyarewa ho animdefo de wɔn ho hyɛ nnipa a wɔte ase a wɔato wɔn mmonnaa anaa wɔayɛ wɔn ayayade no mu nhwehwɛmu mu.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda Forensic Pathologist, Coroner ne Medical Examiner ntam?
Ɛwom sɛ yɛate saa din abiɛsa yi nyinaa de, nanso nsonsonoe kakra wɔ mu. Wɔ Sri Lanka kasa mu no, ebia wɔde eyinom bedi dwuma wɔ ɔkwan soronko so.
- Forensic Pathologist: Eyi ne aduruyɛ mu adwuma titiriw a na yɛreka ho asɛm no. Eyi yɛ aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa ne ntetee a oduruyɛfo nya.
- Aduruyɛ mu Nhwehwɛmufo: Eyi taa yɛ adwuma din a forensic pathologist a ɔyɛ adwuma wɔ aban adwumayɛbea (e.g., Judicial Medical Officer’s Office - JMO office) de ma. Wei kyerɛ sɛ obi betumi ayɛ Forensic Pathologist ne Medical Examiner bere koro mu.
- Owufo: Oyi yɛ aban panyin a wɔapaw no anaa wɔapaw no. Adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ nea ɛde owu bae no ho adanse. Wɔ aman dodow no ara mu no, Owudifo nyɛ oduruyɛfo. Enti, wɔne ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi a ɔhwɛ asɛnnibea so bom yɛ adwuma. Wɔ Sri Lanka no, wɔn a wodi awu no na wɔyɛ saa adwuma yi.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn abɛyɛ asɛnnibea ho ɔbenfo?
Eyi yɛ akwantu tenten paa na wɔahyira so. Sɛ wobɛyɛ forensic ɔbenfo a, ɛsɛ sɛ wutwam wɔ nhomasua mu nsɛntitiriw yi mu:
1. Advanced Level: Nea edi kan no, ɛsɛ sɛ wofata na woatumi akɔ sukuupɔn no aduruyɛ sukuu mu.
2. Medical degree: Ɛsɛ sɛ wosua ade wɔ medical school mfeɛ 5-6 na wonya medical degree te sɛ MBBS.
3. Adwumayɛ ho ntetee:Sɛ wuwie sukuu a, ɛsɛ sɛ wuwie afe biako adwumayɛ ho ntetee.
4. Postgraduate ntetee: Ɛno akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ postgraduate ntetee akyi na ama woanya nimdeɛ wɔ Pathology mu.
5. Ntetee titiriw: Saa ntetee no akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya ntetee titiriw foforo wɔ sub-specialty field of Forensic Pathology ase.
Eyi nyinaa akyi no, ɛtaa gye bɛyɛ mfe 12-14 ansa na obi abɛyɛ asɛnnibea ho ɔbenfo a ne ho akokwaw. Eyi ma yehu sɛnea egye ahosohyira kɛse na ama yɛatumi ayɛ eyi.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Forensic pathologist yɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ nnipa a wowuwu a adwenem naayɛ wom, wɔnhwɛ kwan, anaa basabasayɛ mu.
- Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ funu mu nhwehwɛmu de ahu nea ɛde owu bae, ɔkwan a ɔfaa so wui, ne bere a owui no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Ɛnyɛ owu biara a wɔhwehwɛ mu no na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nsɛmmɔnedi; wobetumi afi akwanhyia anaa abɔde mu nneɛma nso.
- Sɛ obi bɛyɛ onimdefo wɔ saa adwuma yi mu a, egye mfe pii ntetee titiriw bi de ka aduruyɛ ho abodin krataa ho.
- Nea wɔahu no ho hia kɛse ma mmarahyɛ bagua ne atɛntrenee a wɔde ma.
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