Momma yensua Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis) ho ade kɛkɛ: sodifo ketewaa a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no!

So woasusuw adwuma dodow a yɛn nipadua no fã ketewaa bi yɛ ho pɛn? Beae a ɛyɛ nwonwa saa no biako ne anterior pituitary gland a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ no. Nnipa binom nso frɛ no ``Adenohypophysis``. Te sɛ nnwontofo kuw kwankyerɛfo no, saa ntini yi na ɛyɛ nkwaadɔm a ɛhwɛ nipadua no dwumadi ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara no pii so na ɛma ɛba.

Enti, dɛn ne saa anim pituitary gland yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi ne wo pituitary gland no anim fã. Pituitary gland yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ne kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ pea, na ɛwɔ w’amemene no ase, wɔ hypothalamus no ase pɛɛ. Eyi yɛ wo endocrine nhyehyɛe no fã. Ɛne sɛ, ɔfã a ɛhwɛ ntini ahorow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no dwumadi so.

Fa no sɛ wo pituitary gland no wɔ afã abien: anterior lobe (ɛno ne anterior pituitary gland a yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ) ne posterior lobe. Saa anim fã yi na ɛyɛ hormone bɛyɛ asia (6) na ɛma ɛkɔ nipadua no mu. Saa hormone ahorow yi ne nea yɛn nipadua no:

• Onyin (yɛnyini) .
• Metabolism (ahoɔden a nipadua no yɛ, nneɛma a ɛhyew) .
• Awo (tumi a wotumi wo mma) .
• Adwennwen ho mmuae a wɔde ma
• Nufu a wɔde ma (ma ɛnanom) .

Wɔhyɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia pii so. Ɛwom sɛ ɔyɛ ketewa de, nanso ɔyɛ obi a onni adagyew koraa na ɔwɔ tumi!

Enti, dɛn ne hormone pɔtee a anim pituitary gland no yɛ?

Nnuru atitiriw asia na ɛka bom yɛ ɔpanyin ketewa yi. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ ne nea wɔyɛ.

1. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Eyi ne nea ɛkanyan wo adrenal ntini no ma ɛyɛ cortisol a wɔsan frɛ no "adwennwen hormone," ne hormone afoforo. Eyi ho hia yiye wɔ mmere a egye ntɛmpɛ mu, te sɛ bere a ehu aka wo no.

2. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Wɔ mmarima mu no, ɛkanyan mmadwoa ma ɛyɛ mmadwoa. Wɔ mmea mu no, ɛkanyan mmadwoa no ma nkesua no nyin, siesie no ma ovulation, na ɛma estrogen hormone.

3. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Sɛ woyɛ ɔbea a, LH kanyan awotwaa no ma ɛyɛ progesterone. Sɛ woyɛ ɔbarima a, ɛkanyan testosterone ma wɔyɛ.

4. Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Eyi ho hia ma mmofra nkumaa nyin. Ɛboa wɔn ma wɔyɛ tenten na wonya nipadua a ɛyɛ ntini. Wɔ mpanyimfo mu no, ɛboa ma ntini ne nnompe yɛ yiye, na enya ɔkwan a wɔfa so sie nipadua mu srade so nkɛntɛnso.

5. Prolactin a wɔde yɛ adwuma:Saa hormone yi kanyan nufusu a ɛba bere a ɛna bi awo akokoaa akyi. Ebetumi aka brayɛ, awo (tumi a wotumi wo mma), ne nna mu dwumadi nso.

6. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Eyi ne nea ɛka kyerɛ wo thyroid gland no sɛ ɛnyɛ n’ankasa hormone na eyi fi mu. Thyroid hormone ahorow ho hia na ama yɛn nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no akɔ so atra hɔ.

Woahu, hwɛ sɛnea wobetumi ayɛ nnwuma ahorow pii wɔ beae ketewaa yi!

Ɔkwan bɛn so na anim pituitary gland no ne akwaa afoforo yɛ adwuma?

W’anim pituitary gland no ne w’amemene no fã bi a wɔfrɛ no hypothalamus no wɔ abusuabɔ tẽẽ. Hypothalamus no yi "hormone ahorow a ɛma ahoɔden" ne "hormone ahorow a esiw kwan" te sɛ somatostatin ne dopamine fa pituitary duct (ɔfã ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntini a ɛka amemene no ne pituitary gland bom) kɔ mogya no mu. Saa nkwaadɔm a ɛma nipadua no gyae yi kanyan anaasɛ esiw hormone ahorow a anim pituitary gland no yɛ no ano. Hypothalamus ne anterior pituitary gland no te sɛ nnipa baanu a wɔne wɔn ho wɔn ho rekasa bere nyinaa na wɔresesa nsɛm.

Bere a hormone ahorow fi pituitary gland a ɛwɔ anim no mu akyi no, ɛne yɛn nipadua no akwaa, ntini, ne ntini afoforo pii di nkitaho na ɛka wɔn. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Yɛn nnompe, yɛn ntini, ne yɛn mu akwaa afoforo
• Adrenal Ntini a Ɛyɛ Fɛ
• Thyroid Ntini a Wɔde Yɛ Ntini
• Ovaries ne testicles (kyerɛ sɛ, awo ntini) .
• Mammary glands (ntini a ɛma nufusu) .

Ɛhe ankasa na saa anim pituitary gland yi wɔ?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, wo pituitary gland no wɔ w'amemene no ase, wo hwene no bridge no akyi, wɔ ``Hypothalamus.`` ase pɛɛ.`` Ɛwɔ dan ketewa bi mu, anaa kotoku, wɔ dompe bi a ɛwɔ wo ti nhwi mu a wɔfrɛ no sphenoid bone mu. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi ``Sella Turcica.``

Wo pituitary gland no wɔ ntini abien a ɛka bom. Anterior pituitary gland no wɔ anim, na ɛhwɛ wo ti anim. Akyi pituitary gland no wɔ akyi. Nanso nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, anim pituitary gland no sõ sen akyi de no. Bɛyɛ 80% wɔ pituitary gland no nyinaa mu duru mu wɔ saa anim fã yi mu.

Ɔhaw bɛn na ebetumi aba wɔ anim pituitary gland no ho?

Esiane sɛ saa ntini yi ma nkwaadɔm a ɛho hia pii ba nti, ɔhaw biara a ɛwɔ ho no betumi de akwahosan ho haw ahorow aba. Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi akyekyɛ ɔhaw ahorow yi mu abien:

1. Hypopituitarism: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ pituitary gland no nyɛ hormone kakraa bi sen sɛnea ɛho hia.

2. Hyperpituitarism a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so:Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ pituitary gland no reyɛ hormone pii sen sɛnea ɛho hia.

Nneɛma atitiriw pii nti na tebea abien yi taa ba:

• Pituitary gland tumors (adenomas): Eyinom taa yɛ akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram (a ɛnyɛ papa).
• Ɔsɛe a ɛba anim ntini, hypothalamus, anaa pituitary duct so: Eyi betumi afi akwanhyia, ɔyare mmoawa, anaa mogya a ɛtɔ (e.g., pituitary apoplexy) mu aba.
• Awosu mu tebea horow: Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ `(Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia - MEN)`.

Tebea horow bi a `Hypopituitarism` (hormone a enni nipadua mu) de ba:

Hormone biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a enni nipadua mu no betumi de tebea horow te sɛ:

• Adrenal insufficiency a ɛto so abien: Adrenal gland a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye esiane ACTH hormone a ɛso tew nti.
• Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD): Nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no HGH no dodow so tew. Wɔ nnipa tiawa mu no, onyin betumi asiw ano.
• Central hypogonadism: Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nkwaadɔm a efi awo ntini (ovaries anaa testicles) mu no so tew esiane FSH ne/anaasɛ LH dodow a ɛso tew nti.
• Central hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism a ɛba esiane TSH hormone a ɛso tew nti.

Tebea horow bi a `Hyperpituitarism` (hormone dodow a ɛkɔ soro) de ba:

Hormone biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛkɔ soro no betumi de tebea horow te sɛ:

• Acromegaly: Tebea a ɛntaa nsi a HGH a ɛboro so de ba mpanyimfo mu. Wɔ tebea yi mu no, nnompe ne ntini nyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so.
• Gigantism: Abofra anaa ɔpanyin kumaa a ne tenten nyɛ ne kwan so a onya hormone HGH dodow a ɛboro so. Eyi nso ho yɛ na koraa.
• Cushing yare: Sɛ wɔyɛ hormone ACTH dodo a, ɛma adrenal glands no yɛ cortisol a ɛboro so. Eyi yɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Cushing yare.
• Hyperprolactinemia: Nnuru a wɔfrɛ no prolactin a wɔyɛ no dodo.
• Central hyperthyroidism: Thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so esiane TSH a ɛba dodo nti. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛntaa nsi koraa a ɛde hyperthyroidism ba.

Momma yensua Pituitary Adenomas ho ade kakra.

Pituitary adenoma yɛ akisikuru a ɛba wo pituitary gland mu. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, mpɛn pii no eyinom yɛ akisikuru a enyin brɛoo, ɛnyɛ kokoram (a ɛnyɛ papa).

Nanso, saa adenomas yi betumi ahyɛ pituitary nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ no mu ma na amma wɔantumi anyɛ adwuma yiye. Eyi betumi de ``Hypopituitarism`` (hormone a ɛba fam) aba, titiriw sɛ akisikuru no yɛ kɛse a. Ɛtɔ da bi a, saa akisikuru yi nso tumi yɛ hormone foforo, a ebetumi ama ``Hyperpituitarism`` (hormone a ɛkɔ soro) aba.

Anim pituitary adenomas ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma hormone (ɛyɛ adwuma):

• Prolactinoma: Ɛma prolactin hormone a ɛboro so ba. Eyi ne pituitary adenoma a abu so sen biara.
• Somatotroph adenoma: Ɛma onyin hormone (GH) pii ba.
• Corticotroph adenoma: Ɛma ACTH hormone a ɛboro so ba.
• Thyrotroph adenoma: Ɛma TSH hormone pii ba.
• Gonadotroph adenoma: Ɛma LH ne FSH nkwaadɔm a ɛboro so ba.

So nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ahwɛ sɛ m’anim pituitary gland no te apɔw anaa?

Yiw, sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ anim pituitary gland no ho a, ɛda adi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnhwɛ sɛnea wo hormone dodow te. Eyinom taa yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu .

Sɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ biribi a ɛyɛ soronko a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ biribi te sɛ MRI scan de ahwɛ wo pituitary gland.

Enti, dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ na ama saa anim pituitary gland yi anya apɔwmuden?

Sɛ yɛbɛka nokware a, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na wuntumi nsiw pituitary gland haw ahorow yi ano. Nanso ade biako a ɛho hia a wubetumi ayɛ ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo ti so yiye. Ti a opira, titiriw amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu (TBI) betumi asɛe wo pituitary gland. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ebetumi ama hormone pii anaa kakraa bi aba.

Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw ti ne amemene mu opira ano ni:

• Bere nyinaa hyɛ ahobammɔ bɛlt bere a wote kar mu no.
• Fa ahwɛyiye ka kar.
• Hyɛ dade kyɛw bere a wote sakre so, moto so, anaa woredi agumadi a ɛkanyan kɛse no.
• Fa nneɛma bi siw asehwe ano, titiriw sɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobɛhwe ase a. Wubetumi ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ ayi akwanside ahorow afi wo fie, de ade a wɔde boa wo nantew adi dwuma, na w’ani ahwɛ yiye.
• Sɛ wowɔ mmofra nkumaa a, ma mmeae a wodi agoru no nyɛ nea ahobammɔ wom.

Kae: W’anim pituitary gland yɛ akwaa ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ den, na ɛho hia a ɛma nkwaadɔm ahorow a ɛka yɛn akwahosan afã horow pii.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Enti, wubetumi ahu sɛnea saa anim pituitary gland yi ho hia wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Esiane ɛno nti, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ den kakra sɛ wubehu sɛ ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi fi ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ saa pituitary gland yi mu anaa biribi foforo.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ wunya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne foforo biara a ɛyɛ soronko, anaasɛ ɛhaw wo wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a wowɔ dedaw ho a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woaka ho asɛm.Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi a ɛnyɛ den de ahwɛ w’akwahosan. Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ a, wobetumi ahu na wɔasa no ntɛm.

` Anterior pituitary, adenohypophysis, hormones, pituitary ntini, amemene, endocrine nhyehyɛe, pituitary nyarewa