So nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ba? Momma yensua sɛnea nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu wɔn (Differential Diagnosis)!

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a wowɔ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, anaa yare foforo bi a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a oduruyɛfo no nka ntɛm ara sɛ, "Eyi ne nea wowɔ," ɛnte saa? Ebia woate sɛ nkurɔfo ka nsɛm te sɛ, "Egyina saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi so, ebetumi ayɛ saa yare yi, anaa saa yare no. Momma yɛnhwɛ mu kakra bio, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu." Saa na yɛrebɛka ɔkwan bi a ɛho hia paa a nnuruyɛfo fa so hu tebea a wowɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ, wɔ nyarewa pii a ɛwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte saa ara mu ho asɛm. Eyi ne nea wɔfrɛ no ``Differential Diagnosis'' wɔ aduruyɛ mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛte sɛ "nsonsonoe a wɔde hu."

Dɛn ne ``Nsonsonoe Nhwehwɛmu'' kɛkɛ?

Fa no sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wo ti yɛ wo yaw kɛse na wote nka sɛ woayɛ mmerɛw. Afei, ebetumi aba sɛ yare bɛboro biako na ɛwɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi. Ebetumi ayɛ atiridii a abu so, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ biribi a anibere wom kɛse.

Enti, nea oduruyɛfo yɛ ne sɛ ogyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so kyerɛw tebea horow a ebetumi aba no. Wɔfrɛ saa list no ``Differential Diagnosis.'' Eyi te sɛ polisini detective a ɔreyɛ list a ɛfa wɔn a wosusuw sɛ wɔyɛ ho. Eyi nyɛ wo ``Final Diagnosis,'' na mmom anammɔn a ɛho hia a wode bɛkɔ hɔ. Ɛyɛ saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi mu na afei wutu mmirika sɔhwɛ ahorow, bisa nsɛm foforo, na wuyi nea ɛho nhia fi hɔ na ama woahu nea ɔhaw no yɛ ankasa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu yare a ɛte sɛɛ? (Akwan a wɔfa so hu yare no) .

Oduruyɛfo di anammɔn pii akyi de hu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Eyi te sɛ nyansahu kwan bi.

1. Nea edi kan no, yebebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no yiye.

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obedi kan afi ase abisa wo nsɛm.

• "Dɛn ne wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?"
• "Bere tenten ahe na saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi akɔ so?"
• "Ɛyaw yi te dɛn, saa ahometew yi te? So emu yɛ den? So ɛnyɛ den?"
• "So biribi foforo bi te nka sɛ ɛyɛ nwonwa?"

Oduruyɛfo no rebɔ mmɔden sɛ obenya wo tebea no ho adwene titiriw denam nsɛmmisa te sɛ eyinom so.

2. Yɛbɛhwɛ wo nyarewa ne akwahosan ho su a atwam (`Medical History`) .

Afei, oduruyɛfo no bebisa w’aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa ho asɛm .

• "So woanya sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ eyi pɛn?"
• "So woahyɛ nneɛma bi (aduan, adwuma, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia) a ɛma saa su ahorow yi yɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛtew so nsow?"
• "So nsakrae anaa nhyɛso akɛse bi aba w'asetra mu nnansa yi?"
• "Nnuru, vitamin, ne nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho bɛn na worenom mprempren?"

Saa nsɛm yi ho hia yiye, efisɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi betumi afi aduru bi a wonom anaa tebea bi a na ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw mu aba.

3. Nipadua mu Nhwehwɛmu

Afei oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo. Mpɛn pii no, eyi bɛka woNea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo mogya mmoroso, wobɛhwɛ sɛnea wo koma bɔ, na wode afiri a wɔde tie asɛm atie w’ahurututu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia wɔbɛbɔ wo yafunu nso na wɔahwɛ wo menewa. Eyi betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu sɛ ebia nneɛma bi a ɛnteɛ wɔ wo nipadua mu anaa.

4. Ɛno ne bere a wɔyɛ ``Differential Diagnosis'' list no.

Wo duruyɛfo no begyina nsɛm a wode bɛma ne nea wohu wɔ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu mu so ahu tebea horow pii a ebetumi aba a ebetumi ne wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ahyia. Wɔfrɛ saa tebea horow a ebetumi aba a wɔahyehyɛ yi ``Nsonsonoe Nhwehwɛmu.''

5. Afei, sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ pii.

Afei, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubehu nyarewa a ɛwɔ saa din no mu nea wowɔ no, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi bɛyɛ soronko a egyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so.

Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu: Nneɛma te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ne nsu mu nhwehwɛmu.
• Mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu: Te sɛ X-ray anaa ultrasound scan.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobetumi ayɛ ``biopsy'' , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛfa ntini ketewaa bi na wɔahwɛ mu.

6. Wɔsan de sɔhwɛ mu aba ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow toto ho.

Sɛ nhwehwɛmu no aba wie a, oduruyɛfo no besua nea efii mu bae, wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, ne w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm yiye.

7. Nea etwa to a wohu ne nea ɛkyerɛ wo nea yare no ankasa yɛ.

Bere a woayɛ eyinom nyinaa na woasusuw nokwasɛm ahorow no ho yiye akyi nkutoo na oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛ wo nea w’ayaresa tebea ankasa yɛ (`Final Diagnosis`) . Ɛno ansa na wobetumi afi ayaresa a ɛho hia no ase.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ ``Nsonsonoe Nhwehwɛmu''?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa ``Differential Diagnosis`` nhyehyɛe yi ho hia bere a wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no taa ba yare bɛboro biako mu no . Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, sɛ wowɔ wo koko mu yaw a, ɛbɛtumi afiri ``Koma Yareɛ``, ɛbɛtumi afiri yafunu mu yareɛ, anaasɛ ɛbɛtumi afiri ``Ntini a ɛyɛ den``. Afei oduruyɛfo no susuw afã horow yi nyinaa ho. Wɔde sɔhwɛ afoforo di dwuma de yi adwenem naayɛ yi fi hɔ na wohu nea ɛde ba ankasa.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu?

Ansa na wobehu yare no

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wode nnuru, vitamin, ne nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho a wonom nyinaa ho kyerɛwtohɔ bɛba. Efisɛ nnuru bi betumi de yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi aba. Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo w’akwahosan ne nyarewa a atwam no ho asɛm. Ɛho hia sɛ wufi nokwaredi mu bua wɔn.

Bere a wɔrehu yare no

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo ma wo ``nsonsonoe a wɔde hu'' a ɛka sɛ, "Eyi betumi ayɛ saa nyarewa yi" a, ebia wobɛte ehu nka kakra. Ebia wubesusuw sɛ, "Oo, so mewɔ nyarewa yi nyinaa?" Nanso mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu saa.Ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ saa nyarewa no nyinaa. Ɛte sɛ nnipa a wosusuw sɛ wɔyɛ saa din. Sɔhwɛ ahorow a edi hɔ a oduruyɛfo no yɛ ne sɛ obeyi nea ɛho nhia afi saa din no mu na wayɛ biako pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛyɛ "ɔkwan a wɔfa so yi fi hɔ," kyerɛ sɛ, ɔkwan a wɔfa so yi fi mu.

Bere a wɔahu yare no akyi

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ ``Nsonsonoe Nhwehwɛmu`` nyɛ nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ. Ɛyɛ anammɔn biako pɛ a oduruyɛfo no de di dwuma ansa na wayɛ nea etwa to. Wɔ nyarewa bi a emu yɛ den mu no, ebia ebegye bere kakra ansa na wɔahu nea ɛde ba ankasa na ebia ɛrentumi nka ntɛm ara. Oduruyɛfo no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Sɛ wɔyɛ ``Final Diagnosis`` wie a, oduruyɛfo no bɛkamfo ayaresa a ɛfata ama wo.

So asiane bi wɔ ``Nsonsonoe a Wɔhwehwɛ'' mu?

Nokwarem no, wɔde saa kwan yi a wɔfrɛ no ``Differential Diagnosis`` di dwuma de tew hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobehu yare no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so no so. Oduruyɛfo no botae ne sɛ ɔbɛsa yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɔde wo bɛto asiane mu. Ɛdenam nyarewa a ebetumi aba a wɔbɛkyerɛw wɔ saa kwan yi so na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu so no, wobetumi ahu nea ɛde yare no ba na wɔasa, sen sɛ wɔbɛsa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ara kwa.

Nanso, sɛ wɔantumi antu anammɔn biara wɔ saa nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe yi mu, anaasɛ wɔanhwehwɛ nokwasɛm ahorow no mu yiye a, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ wobedu asɛm a ɛnteɛ ho. Nanso, sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛho hia nyinaa na wodi saa adeyɛ yi akyi yiye a, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobedi mfomso no sua koraa.

Bere bɛn na metumi ahu nea afi ``Nsonsonoe Nhwehwɛmu'' yi mu aba?

Ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka bere tenten pɔtee a ebegye ansa na woahu. Egyina nneɛma pii so, te sɛ sɛnea wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te ne sɛnea yare a wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ den no. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ wobɛhu wɔ da koro anaa nnanu mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi agye dapɛn biako anaa abien. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkɔ so adi nkitaho wɔ saa bere yi mu. Ɛho hia titiriw sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara sɛ nsakrae bi aba wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow mu (ɛkɔ soro, ɛso tew, sɛnkyerɛnne foforo) anaasɛ nsakrae bi ba w’ayaresa abakɔsɛm mu (e.g., aduru foforo a wofi ase, ayaresabea a wobɛtra).

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mesan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bio?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na nneɛma a edidi so yi si bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛsan akɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bio:

• Sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den, anaasɛ ɛyera mpofirim a.
• Sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne foforo da adi a.
• Sɛ wɔde wo akɔ ayaresabea esiane biribi foforo biara nti a.
• Sɛ nsakrae bi ba nnuru a worenom mprempren no mu a.

Momma yɛnhwɛ nhwɛsoɔ bi a ɛfa ``Nsonsonoeɛ Nhwehwɛmu'' ho.

Nyarewa pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte saa ara. Wo duruyɛfo no begyina wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so ahu wo tebea no na wasa. Ma yɛnhwɛ nhwɛso kakraa bi.

1. Yafunu mu Ɛyaw

Mpopoeɛ:Nkate a ɛyɛ den wɔ yafunu no mu baabi, ɛyaw a ɛkyinkyin, ɛyaw a ano yɛ nnam te sɛ sekan a wɔde sekan, eyinom betumi ayɛ nea ɛtaa ba kɛse anaa kakraa bi.

Nyarewa a ebetumi aba (Nsonsonoe a Wɔde Hu):

• Appendicitis a ɛma obi ho kyere no
• Yafunu mu yare
• Yare a Ɛma Ɔyare a Ɛyɛ Ɔhyew
• Intestinal anaa Bowel Blockage a Ɛyɛ Fɛ
• Pancreatitis a ɛyɛ yare

2. Ɔfe (`Ɔfe`) .

Nsɛnkyerɛnne: Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo menewa mu ayɛ kurukuruwa, anaasɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ kusuu, wo menewa mu yaw.

Nyarewa a ebetumi aba (Nsonsonoe a Wɔde Hu):

• Akisikuru
• Ahurututu mu yare
• Ahurututu mu yare
• Acid a ɛsan kɔ nipadua no mu (anaasɛ nea ɛsan kɔ nipadua no mu) .
• Bere Mu Nneɛma a Ɛyɛ Fɛ

3. Ɔbrɛ

Nsɛnkyerɛnne: Ɔbrɛ a ɔte nka bere nyinaa, ɔbrɛ a ɔte nka, ɔbrɛ bere a wada mpo, ɔbrɛ.

Nyarewa a ebetumi aba (Nsonsonoe a Wɔde Hu):

• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu
• Hahaahayɔ
• Asoroben
• Thyroid Yare a Ɛyare

4. Ti a ɛyɛ yaw

Nsɛnkyerɛnne: Tiyɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛnyɛ den, ɛtɔ mmere bi a emu yɛ den, te sɛ tiyɛ a ɛpaapae, abɔnten dede ho nkate. Ebia ɛbɛtra hɔ nnɔnhwerew anaa nna pii.

Nyarewa a ebetumi aba (Differential Diagnosis): (Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma pii betumi de aba ha) .

• Nhyɛso Tiyɛ
• Atiridiinini
• Sinus Nyarewa a Ɛba
• Tiyɛ a mogya mmoroso (hypertension) de ba .

Nea ɛho hia: Saa nhwɛso ahorow yi yɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubenya ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no ho adwene ara kwa. Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu.

Nkrasɛm a Etwa To a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Enti, ``Differential Diagnosis'' yɛ ɔkwan a ɛho hia yiye, nhyehyɛe a nnuruyɛfo fa so hwehwɛ nea ɛde yare bi ba ankasa.

• ``Nsonsonoe Nhwehwɛmu'' nyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu a etwa to. Ɛyɛ nyarewa a ebetumi aba no din a wɔahyehyɛ ara kwa.
• Mma nnsuro bere a wuhu saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi no. Oduruyɛfo no reyɛ eyi titiriw sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɔbɛboa wo.
• Ebia ebegye bere kakra ansa na wɔahu yare no pɔtee, enti nya abotare.
• Ma wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wo duruyɛfo hyɛ no na di akwankyerɛ no akyi.
• Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne sesa a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.

Sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bom yɛ adwuma wɔ saa kwan yi so a, wubetumi ahu nea ɛde wo tebea no ba ankasa, anya ayaresa a ɛfata ntɛm, na wo ho atɔ wo.

`Nhwehwɛmu, Nsonsonoe a Wɔde Hu, Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Aduruyɛ mu Sɔhwɛ, Akwahosan, Nyarewa, Aduruyɛ mu Afotu