Nkrabea a ɛboa ma aniwa hu ade! Momma yensua retina ho ade wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.

So woasusuw sɛnea yehu nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ wɔ wiase yi mu, kɔla ahorow, yɛn nnamfo, ne yɛn abusuafo pefee saa no ho pɛn? Adeyɛ bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa, a ɛyɛ den yiye wɔ hɔ ankasa a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn aniwa mu. Saa adeyɛ no afã atitiriw biako ne retina anaa sɛnea yɛka wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu no , retina . Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka saa ɔfa a ɛho hia yie a ɛboa yɛn ma yɛhunu (Retina) wɔ ɔkwan tiawa a wobɛtumi ate aseɛ so.

Dɛn ankasa ne retina no?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo retina yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ w’aniwa akyi. Ɛte sɛ sini a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri mu no. Sɛ hann a efi abɔnten bɔ retina no a, ɛdan saa hann no ma ɛbɛyɛ ntini mu nsɛnkyerɛnne, a ɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden nkrasɛm nketenkete. Afei saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi fa w’aniwa ntini no so kɔ w’amemene no mu. Amemene no hwehwɛ saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi mu na ɛka nneɛma te sɛ, "Oo, nhwiren bi wɔ hɔ," ne "Maame ni," a ɛno ne nea ɛma yehu anisoadehu kyerɛ yɛn .

Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ aniwa no fã a wɔfrɛ no retina yi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, ɔkwan a yɛfa so hu wiase no betumi asesa koraa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, aniwa no tumi yɛ kusuu, aniwa no afã horow betumi ayera, anaa mpo ayera koraa. Mpɛn pii no, retina no sɛe daa, na sɛ wɔansa no ntɛm a, ɛyɛ den sɛ obi bɛsan ahu ade bio. Ɛno nti na sɛ wuhu nsakrae mpofirim wɔ w’ani anaa w’ani so a, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Ɛhe na retina no wɔ? Dɛn ne n’afã horow?

Wo retina no wɔ w’ani akyi pɛɛ. Ɛwɔ w’aniwa fã a ɛwɔ kɔla (a yɛfrɛ no iris) ne aniwa no akyi. Sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si so yiye a, hann mframa no hyia na ɛtɔ retina no so tẽẽ.

Retina no afã atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ. Wɔne:

1. Macula a ɛyɛ fɛ

2. Retina a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri

Momma yɛnhwɛ eyinom mu biara wɔ ɔkwan soronko so.

Ɔfã a wɔfrɛ no macula no

Eyi ne beae ketewaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye wɔ retina no mfinimfini. Macula no ne nea ɛboa yɛn ma yehu nsonsonoe a ɛda nneɛma nketenkete ne kɔla ahorow mu pefee wɔ nea yehu mu. Fa no sɛ, worekenkan nhoma, worehwɛ w’adamfo bi anim, woreka kar... Eyinom ne nkwammoaa titiriw a ɛwɔ macula no mu a wɔfrɛ no cone cells . Saa nkwammoaa yi na ɛma kɔla ahorow ne anisoadehu a ɛyɛ nnam.

Macula yɛ retina no fã bi a ɛho hia ma yɛn ani a ɛyɛ nnam, emu da hɔ, na ɛyɛ kɔla ahorow.

Ɔfã a wɔfrɛ no peripheral retina no

Eyi ne retina no fã kɛse a atwa macula no ho ahyia no. Sɛ wohwɛ w’anim tẽẽ mpo a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wuntumi nhu nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia.Eyi te saa esiane retina a ɛwɔ akyi no nti. Afei nso, wɔ hann a ɛba fam mu, kyerɛ sɛ, anadwo no, wohu nkwammoaa soronko bi a ɛte hann nka a wɔfrɛ no poma nkwammoaa wɔ ɔfã yi mu. Ɛwom sɛ eyinom ntumi hu kɔla ahorow yiye de, nanso ɛboa ma yehu ade wɔ tuntum ne fitaa ne hann a ɛba fam mu.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛtaa ka retina no?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, aniwa mu nyarewa afoforo pii nso betumi aka retina no. Tebea horow bi a ɛtaa ba ne:

• Macular Degeneration (AMD) a ɛfa mfe a obi adi ho: Eyi ne bere a aniwa no fã a wɔfrɛ no macula a yɛkaa ho asɛm no sɛe bere a yɛrenyin no. Eyi ma nneɛma te sɛ anisoadehu pa ne akenkan yɛ den.
• Asikreyare a Ɛfa Asikreyare Ho: Bere kɔ so no, nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare no betumi asɛe mogya ntini a ɛwɔ wɔn aniwa mu no, na aka retina no. Sɛ wɔansa eyi a, ebetumi ama obi ani abere.
• Hypertensive Retinopathy: Mogya mmoroso betumi asɛe mogya ntini a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no na ɛde ɔhaw ahorow aba aniwa no mu.
• Macular Hole: Tokuru ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ macula no mfinimfini.
• Macular Pucker: Nneɛma a ɛyɛ tratraa bi ba macula no so, na ɛma aniwa no sɛe.
• Aniwa mu Atiridiinini: Ebia nnipa binom behu hann a ɛhyerɛn wɔ wɔn aniwa anim anaasɛ wontumi nhu ade bere tiaa bi bere a atiridiinini rekɔ so no.
• Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD): Eyi ne bere a ade a ɛte sɛ jelly a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu (vitreous) no tetew fi retina no ho. Eyi taa ba bere a yɛrenyin no.
• Retinal Bleeding/Hemorrhage: Mogya a ɛtɔ fi mogya ntini nketenkete a ɛwɔ retina no mu.
• Retinal Detachments ne Retinal Tears: Eyi yɛ asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ! Retina no tetew fi aniwa no akyi ɔfasu no ho. Ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ ayaresa ntɛm ara.
• Retinal Vein Occlusion anaa Retinal Artery Occlusion / Eye Stroke: Te sɛ akisikuru a ɛkɔ amemene no mu no, mogya ntini bi a ɛde mogya kɔ aniwa no mu no siw.
• Retinal Inflammation / Uveitis: Aniwa no afã horow a ɛyɛ hyew, a retina ka ho.
• Retinitis Pigmentosa: Eyi yɛ awosu mu yare a ɛde nkakrankakra ma obi nhu ade yiye, titiriw anadwo aniwa ne aniwa a ɛwɔ akyi.
• Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Tebea a ebetumi aba nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn ntɛm so.
• Owia mu Aniwa mu Yare:Sɛ wohwɛ owia no tẽẽ (titiriw bere a owia atɔ) a wunhia ahobammɔ a, ebetumi asɛe retina no.
• Sɛ nhwɛso no, Aniwa Kokoram (Retinoblastoma) ne akisikuru afoforo a ɛnyɛ hu.
• Kɔla anifurae, sɛ nhwɛso no (Achromatopsia) - kyerɛ sɛ, wontumi nhu kɔla biara.

Nsuro sɛ wubehu saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi. Ɛnyɛ saa nneɛma yi nyinaa na ɛbɛto obiara. Nanso ɛho hia sɛ wuhu sɛ saa nneɛma yi wɔ hɔ.

Dɛn ne retina haw ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo retina no mu a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi. Sɛ wuhyia eyinom mu biara a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn:

• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu anaasɛ ɛyɛ kyinkyim: Ɛte sɛ nea nneɛma mu nna hɔ, anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea atrɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den.
• Peripheral vision loss / Tunnel vision: Te sɛ nea worehwɛ tube mu no, wo peripheral vision so tew.
• Anisoadehu abien (Diplopia).
• Aniwa a ɛhyerɛn/Photopsias.
• Sɛ wuhu nsensanee tuntum nketewa anaa nhama a ɛrehuruhuruw wɔ w’ani anim (Eye floaters / Myodesopsias). Hwɛ yiye titiriw sɛ eyinom dɔɔso mpofirim anaasɛ ɛsõ a.
• Hann ho nkate, hann a wontumi nhwɛ (Light sensitivity / Photophobia).
• Anifuraefo/scotomas anaasɛ aniwa mu sintɔ ahorow.
• Sɛ anisoadehu mu yɛ den nkakrankakra, mpofirim, anaasɛ ɛda adi pefee sɛ.

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Titiriw sɛ wofi ase mpofirim, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi anaa da koro anaa abien ntam a, ebetumi ayɛ nea egye ntɛmpɛ.

Dɛn ne sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde hwehwɛ retina no mu?

Sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ wo retina bere a wɔhwehwɛ w’ani mu no. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔde nnuru bɛtrɛw w’ani mu. Nhwehwɛmu titiriw a wɔyɛ de hwɛ wo retina no bi ne:

• Fundoscopy / Ophthalmoscopy: Oduruyɛfo no de kanea soronko ne aniwa ahwehwɛ (ophthalmoscope) hwɛ w’ani mu de hwehwɛ retina, aniwa ntini, ne mogya ntini mu.
• Slit Lamp Exam: Eyi nso te sɛ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete titiriw bi. Ebetumi ama aniwa no anim ne akyi ayɛ kɛse, a retina ka ho.
• Fundus Photography: Ɛtwe retina no mfonini. Eyi ho wɔ mfaso kɛse ma akyiri yi hwɛ ne ntotoho.
• Fundus Reflex / Red Reflex Testing: Eyi ho hia yiye bere a wɔrehwehwɛ mmofra nkumaa aniwa mu no. Sɛ wɔhyerɛn kanea bi wɔ aniwa no so a, wɔhwɛ sɛ ebia aniwa no yɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa.
• Visual Acuity Testing: Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a agye din a ɛma wutumi kenkan nkrataa fi akyirikyiri. Ɛsusu sɛnea wutumi hu ade pefee.
• Visual Field Tests: Hwɛ sɛnea w’aniwa a ɛwɔ akyi no te.

Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu sɛ ebia ɔhaw bi wɔ wo retina no mu anaa.

Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn abɔ yɛn retina ho ban?

Sɛnea yɛn aniwa som bo no, saa ara na yɛn retina nso som bo. Enti ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn nyinaa ani gye ho sɛ yɛbɛbɔ ho ban.

• Ma wɔnhwɛ w’ani daa: Sɛ́ ebia wobɛhyɛ ahwehwɛ anaasɛ woanhyɛ no, anyɛ yiye koraa no, kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn pɛnkoro afe biara, anaasɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no pɛnkoro wɔ mfe abien biara mu . Sɛ wowɔ tebea foforo a ebetumi aka w’ani te sɛ asikreyare a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔhwɛ w’ani pɛnkoro afe biara . Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ w’ani.
• Kura mu duru a ɛfata mu.
• Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ: Nnuannuru te sɛ vitamin A, C, E, ne zinc ye ma w’ani. Fa nhabannuru a ɛyɛ ahabammono, nnuaba, ne mpataa (titiriw mpataa a srade wom te sɛ salmon ne tuna) ka w’aduan ho.
• Hyɛ aniwa ho banbɔ bere nyinaa bere a woredi agumadi anaa woreyɛ adwuma a ebetumi ayɛ asiane ama aniwa (e.g., nnua adwuma, welding).
• Bɔ wo ho ban fi owia ho: Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ polarized a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi UV mframa ho bere a worekɔ abɔnten no. Mma nhwɛ owia no tẽẽ.
• Bɔ wo retina ho ban fi hann a ano yɛ den ho: Nhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ welding kanea anaa magnesium a wɔhyew (a wohu wɔ kwan ho ogyaframa ne camping ogya a wɔde fi ase mu) tẽẽ. Eyinom betumi asɛe ade daa.
• Mma w'ani ngu nsakrae a ɛba w'anisoadehu mu so: Sɛ nneɛma sesa nkakrankakra mpo a, nsusuw kɛkɛ sɛ, "Ɛno nyɛ hwee."

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so ara pɛ a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn, sɛ wususuw sɛ ɛyɛ ketewaa mpo a. Ebia bere aso sɛ wosesa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ. Anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ biribi a anibere wom kɛse. Ntwɛn mma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu nyɛ den.

Sɛ mpofirim ara w’ani so yera, anaasɛ mpofirim ara wunya nsakrae foforo wɔ w’ani so (sɛ nhwɛso no, hann a ɛhyerɛn, wuhu nneɛma pii a ɛsensɛn nsu so) (kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ simma kakraa bi anaa nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu) a, kɔ ayaresabea dan a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara.

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ama obi asɛe nneɛma a wontumi nsakra no ntɛm ara na onhu ade yiye, enti mmu w’ani ngu so da.

Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Okay, enti yɛaka retina ho asɛm pii nnɛ, ɛnte saa? Ebia wote sɛnea ɛho hia ma yɛn anisoadehu no ase. Retina no ne nea ɛkyerɛ hann a yehu no ase kɔ kasa bi a amemene no te ase mu. Sɛ ɛnyɛ saa a, anka yɛrentumi nhu wiase fɛfɛ yi.

Enti, wo retina a wobɛhwɛ so no yɛ akwan akɛse a wobɛfa so abɔ w’aniwa ho ban no mu biako. Sɛ wuhu biribi a "ɛyɛ soronko" anaasɛ "ɛsakra" wɔ w'ani so a, mma wonyɛ ɔkwasea sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa afa ho. Efisɛ dodow a wuhu yare bi ntɛm na wufi ase sa yare no, dodow no ara na hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛkwati nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den no yɛ kɛse. W’ani a wobɛbɔ ho ban no wɔ w’ankasa wo nsam!

` Retina, aniwa akwahosan, anisoadehu, aniwa mu nyarewa, macula, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu