So wunim nea endothelin wɔ wo nipadua mu ankasa? Hwɛ sɛnea ɛka yɛn mogya mmoroso!

So woate asɛmfua ‘Endothelin’ pɛn? Ebia woate sɛ oduruyɛfo bi rebɔ saa din yi akyerɛ wo anaa obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu bere a ɔreka nnuruyɛ ho asɛm no, anaasɛ ebia woahu wɔ baabi bere a worekenkan yare bi ho asɛm no. Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ ade ketewaa bi a wɔyɛ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ankasa de, nanso ɛyɛ adwuma kɛse de ma yɛn mogya mmoroso, anaa ‘nhyɛso’ sɛnea yɛn nyinaa nim no, kɔ so yɛ nea ɛfata. Nanso, sɛ endothelin yi dɔɔso wɔ nipadua no mu sen sɛnea ɛho hia a, akwahosan ho haw ahorow betumi aba. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea endothelin yi yɛ ne nea ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua no ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so a wubetumi ate ase.

Enti dɛn ne endothelin yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, endothelin yɛ protein ketewaa bi a ɛboa ma mogya ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no twetwe. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛyɛ peptide. Peptides yɛ protein nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn ntiantiaa a nneɛma nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no amino acids na ɛyɛ. Eyinom nso boa ma yɛyɛ protein akɛse wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Wunim onii a ɔyɛ saa endothelin yi? Nkwammoaa bi wɔ yɛn mogya ntini mu. Wɔfrɛ no endothelium. Eyi ne beae titiriw a ɛyɛ endothelin wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Dɛn ne endothelium? So wubetumi akyerɛkyerɛ mu kakra?

Susuw mogya ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu no ho sɛ nsu afiri a wɔde fa nsu mu. Nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ tratraa paa na ɛkata saa paipu no mu, ɔfã a mogya no sen fa so no. Wɔfrɛ saa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ afã horow no endothelium . Ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, wobu no nso sɛ ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua mu akwaa akɛse no mu biako !

Saa endothelial nkwammoaa yi yi nneɛma ahorow fi mu. Saa nneɛma yi na ɛhwɛ yɛn mogya ntini a wɔfrɛ no vascular tone , no trɛw na ɛtwetwe no so. Saa ntini mu nne yi na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn koma bɔ mogya denneennen ne sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwumaden na ama mogya akɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa.

Endothelium ne endothelin bom yɛ nnwuma afoforo pii a ɛho hia:

• Ɛboa ma mogya tu. Eyi ho hia yiye na ama woagyae mogyatɔw bere a woanya kuru no.
• Ɛhwɛ nsu ne nkyene (electrolytes) dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no so.
• Ɛboa nso ma wodi ɔfe so denam awuduru a ɛmma ɛnkɔ yɛn ntini mu no so.

Enti dɛn na endothelin yɛ nipadua no?

Yɛaka dedaw sɛ endothelin yɛ biribi a ɛboa ma mogya ntini mu yɛ den. Nokwarem no, endothelin ne ntini a ɛtwetwe ntini a ano yɛ den sen biara wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Momma yɛnkyekyɛ asɛmfua yi mu kakra:

• "Vaso" fã no kyerɛ mogya ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn koma ne ntini nhyehyɛe mu.
• "Constrictor" anaa "ahyɛnsode".Constriction kyerɛ sɛ mogya ntini no mu teateaa anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Eyi ma mogya no brɛ ase, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ɛma egyae.

Enti, nea endothelin yɛ ne sɛ ɛma yɛn mogya mmoroso yɛ kɛse. Sɛ mogya ntini mu yɛ den a, ɛsɛ sɛ koma no yɛ adwumaden kɛse na ama mogya no akɔ. Ɛno nti na nhyɛso no kɔ soro no.

Sɛ endothelin dodow kɔ soro a, dɛn na ɛba?

Mpɛn pii no, endothelin yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a mfaso wɔ so ma yɛn nipadua no. Nanso, sɛ biribi nti saa endothelin dodow yi kɔ soro wɔ nipadua no mu a, ebetumi de nyarewa ahorow bi asɛe yɛn koma ne yɛn ahurututu aba . Susuw nea ɛbɛba sɛ nsu afiri bi siw dodo a, hwɛ. Ɛte saa.

Tebea horow a ebetumi afi endothelin dodow a ɛkɔ soro mu aba no bi ne:

• Atherosclerosis (ntini mu yare): Wɔ eyi mu no, srade a ɛwɔ mogya ntini no mu boaboa ano , na ɛma ntini no mu yɛ teateaa .
• Broken heart syndrome : Koma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw esiane adwennwen a ɛba mpofirim nti.
• Kokoram ahorow pii wɔ hɔ .
• Cardiomyopathy : Koma ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Koma ne ntini (koma) yare ne koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Coronary artery disease , ne tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no endothelial dysfunction nso .
• Mogya mmoroso ne preeclampsia .
• Asaabo mu yare ne asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye .
• Ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne ahurututu mu mogya mmoroso .
• Scleroderma : Wora ne ntini a ɛka bom no a ɛyɛ den.

Fa no sɛ, Nimal anya mogya mmoroso bere tiaa bi. Oduruyɛfo no kae sɛ ne mogya ntini no mu atew kakra, na ebia ne endothelin dodow renya so nkɛntɛnso. Ɔbɔɔ kɔkɔ nso sɛ sɛ wannom n’aduru no yiye a, ebetumi ama wanya komayare. Enti, ɛnyɛ adwene pa sɛ wobɛfa saa endothelin ade yi adewa.

So endothelin ahorow bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, endothelin ahorow bi wɔ hɔ. Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmufo dii kan huu wɔn wɔ 1987. Endothelin ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ, a amino acid peptide anan na ɛyɛ. Wɔn baasa nyinaa yɛ vasoconstrictors.

Endothelin a abu so na ano yɛ den sen biara wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ne endothelin-1 (ET-1). Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara resua sɛnea endothelin-2 (ET-2) ne endothelin-3 (ET-3) ahorow abien a aka no ka yɛn nipadua no. Mprempren, wɔde adwene dodow no ara si ET-1 so.

Dɛn ne endothelin agyefo?

Ntini biara a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no wɔ endothelin receptors. Saa nneɛma a ɛma wogye nneɛma yi te sɛ apon ano nhama. Sɛ endothelin molecules ba bɛkyekyere saa receptors yi a, ɛde nkrasɛm kɔma saa nkwammoaa no sɛ wɔnyɛ biribi. Eyi ne ɔkwan a endothelin ne nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu di nkitaho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wosusuw endothelin dodow?

Sɛ nnuruyɛfo pɛ sɛ wohu sɛnea wo endothelin dodow te a, wɔbɛyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu . Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea endothelin-1 (ET-1) dodow te. Wohu wɔ mogya no fã bi a wɔfrɛ no plasma mu. Plasma yɛ mogya no fã a ɛyɛ nsu a ɛka bere a wɔayi mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no.

Wobetumi ayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi wɔ wo duruyɛfo adwumayɛbea, ayaresabea, anaa aduruyɛdan mu. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobesusuw endothelin ahorow afoforo wɔ mogya mu wɔ saa kwan yi so.

Ade a wɔde susuw endothelin ne picograms wɔ mililita biara mu (pg/mL).

• ET-1 dodow a ɛfata wɔ mogya mu wɔ ɔpanyin mu no bɛyɛ 1 pg/mL kosi 2 pg/mL.
• ET-1 dodow a ɛwɔ mmofra nkumaa mu no kɔ soro kakra.
• Afei nso, ebia nsonsonoe kakra bɛba saa gyinabea ahorow yi mu wɔ aman ahorow ntam.

Mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wɔwɔ koma anaa ahurututu mu yare ahorow bi te sɛ ahurututu mu ntini mu mogya mmoroso no ET-1 dodow kɔ soro. Afei nso, koma mu ayaresa ahorow bi te sɛ balloon angioplasty betumi ama endothelin dodow akɔ soro bere tiaa bi.

Dɛn ne Nnuru a Ɛko Tia Endothelin Receptor (ERA)?

Eyinom yɛ nnuru bi a wɔde ma bere a endothelin dodow kɔ soro no. Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (ERA) yɛ adwuma denam endothelin dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛtew so.

Eyinom yɛ ayaresa bi a wɔfrɛ no ``targeted therapy.`` Ɛne sɛ, saa nnuru yi kɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɛtow hyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ ɔhaw no nkutoo so, a ɛnsɛe nkwammoaa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden kɛse. Te sɛ obi a ɔtow tuo no, wɔbɔɔ nea wɔpɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔde ERA nnuru di dwuma titiriw de sa mogya mmoroso ahorow bi a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu (pulmonary arterial hypertension).

So nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ ERA nnuru yi so?

Te sɛ nnuru biara no, ERA nnuru betumi de ɔhaw ahorow bi aba.

• Ɛnsɛ sɛ mmea a wɔyem anaa mmea a wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobenyinsɛn no nom saa ERA nnuru yi. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ saa nnuru yi betumi ama abofra a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no awo mu dɛmdi. Eyi yɛ asɛm a ɛho hia paa.
• Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ saa aduru yi betumi asɛe mmerɛbo. Enti, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mfa nhwɛ wo mmerɛbo akwahosan daa.
• Nneɛma afoforo a ebetumi afi mu aba ne:
• Ayamtim.
• Anim a ɛho ahonhon (edema) anaasɛ ɛho ayɛ fĩ.
• Tipaeɛ .
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe.
• A koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm ne koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm.

Sɛ wote nka sɛ biribi te sɛ eyi a, ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a obetumi ayɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi saa asɛm yi mu? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Okay, yɛaka endothelin ho asɛm pii. Ne tiaatwa mu no:

• Endothelin yɛ protein a ɛho hia a wɔyɛ wɔ nipadua no mu a ɛboa ma yɛn mogya ntini mu yɛ den na ɛhwɛ mogya mmoroso so.
• Wɔde nkwammoaa bi a wɔfrɛ no endothelium a ɛyɛ yɛn mogya ntini no mu na ɛyɛ eyi.
• Sɛ endothelin dodow kɔ soro dodo a, mogya ntini betumi ayɛ mmerɛw dodo, na ɛde ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ mogya mmoroso, komayare, ne ahurututu mu yare aba .
• Wobetumi de mogya mu nhwehwɛmu asusuw endothelin-1 (ET-1) dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu .
• Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) yɛ nnuru bi a ɛtew endothelin dodow so. Wɔde di dwuma titiriw ma mogya mmoroso a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu.
• Sɛ worenom ERA nnuru a, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye titiriw wɔ nyinsɛn mu ne wo mmerɛbo akwahosan ho.

Enti, sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no wɔ Endothelin ho haw a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu. Mewɔ anidaso sɛ asɛm yi ama woanya nhumu bi. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Endothelin, mogya mmoroso, komayare, ahurututu mu yare, endothelium, peptides