So woasusuw nneɛma pii a yɛn aniwa yɛ a yenhu mpo ho pɛn? Ɛte sɛ nkonyaayi kakra. Ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔboa wo ma wuhu ade nko, na mmom wɔyɛ adwuma ankasa de bɔ w’ani ho ban nso. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no ``Eye Reflexes .'' Saa nneɛma yi si ara kwa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wudi so anaasɛ wususuw sɛ, "Saa na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ."
Dɛn ne aniwa a ɛma aniwa yɛ adwuma? Dɛn nti na ɛho hia?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, aniwa a ɛma aniwa no yɛ adwuma no yɛ nsakrae a ɛba w’ani so ara kwa. Wɔayɛ no titiriw sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛboa wo ma woahu ade yiye na abɔ w'aniwa ho ban na ansɛe . Susuw nea ɛbɛba sɛ wohwɛ hann bi a ano yɛ den mu mpofirim anaasɛ efĩ ketewaa bi kɔ w’ani so a, hwɛ. W’ani yɛ n’ade wɔ ho ansa na woasusuw ho mpo. Ɛno ne nea reflexes yɛ.
Yɛn aniwa yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ den yiye. Aniwa no afã horow pii bom yɛ adwuma de twe adwene si nea yehu no so na ɛde saa nsɛm a yehu no kɔ amemene no mu. Enti saa nneɛma a ɛma w’aniwa yɛ ade yi na ɛbɔ w’aniwa ho ban na ɛboa ma w’ani yɛ nsakrae wɔ hann tebea horow mu. Wɔboa ma w’ani nhu ade yiye bere mpo a wotutu w’ani ntɛmntɛm anaa bere a hann no sesa mpofirim no.
Nneɛma bi a ɛma w’aniwa keka wo ho anaasɛ ɛsakra de bua nneɛma a ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo ho no. W’ani no afã horow pii boa ma saa nsusuwii ahorow yi ba. Nhwɛsoɔ:
- Pupil : Eyi ne fã ketewaa a ɛyɛ tuntum a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛwɔ aniwa no mfinimfini.
- Cornea : Ntini a ɛda adi wɔ aniwa no anim.
- Tear System : Nhyehyɛe a ɛma nusu ba na eyi fi mu.
- Ocular Nerve : Ntini a ɛfa anisoadehu ho.
Afei nso, aniwa mu nneɛma bi ba bere a nsakrae a ɛba wo nipadua no afã afoforo mu ba no. Eyinom bi ne:
Sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wɔbɛhwɛ saa reflexes yi nso bere a wɔrehwehwɛ w’ani mu no. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ saa nkate pɔtee yi yiye, titiriw sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi anaasɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi wɔ w’ani anaa w’ani so a.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa nsusuwii ahorow yi yɛ adwuma? Ɛyɛ nwonwa!
Ntini mu nkwammoaa titiriw na ɛde aniwa mu nneɛma kɔ w’amemene no mu na ɛsan kɔ w’ani so.(`Nerve Cells`) kɔ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛfa wɔn mu. Fa no sɛ `woremia` `safoa` bi wɔ `kɔmputa keyboard` so. Sɛ wo `mia` `safoa` bi a, anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne bi fa waya bi so kɔ `kɔmputa` no so na ɛda no adi sɛ nkyerɛwde wɔ screen no so, ɛnte saa? Nanso nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha no nte sɛ nea wore `type` nkyerɛwde biara. Bere a wunnya bere mpo nsusuw nneɛma ho no, wɔrehyehyɛ w’ani bere nyinaa na wɔabɔ ho ban denam saa nsusuwii ahorow yi so.
Akwan a saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi fa so no yɛ nneɛma te sɛ:
- Sensors (`RECEPTORS`): Eyinom ne nea edi kan a wohu nneɛma a ɛkanyan.
- Afferent Neurons: Eyinom de nsɛnkyerɛnne fi nkatede mu kɔ amemene no mu.
- Efferent Neurons: Eyinom de nsɛnkyerɛnne fi amemene no mu san kɔ ntini anaa ntini a ɛfa ho no mu.
- Nneɛma a ɛma ntini no yɛ adwuma: Eyinom ne afã horow a awiei koraa no ɛyɛ ho biribi (e.g., ntini bi twetwe).
Fa no sɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde nhama ayɛ. Baako ntumi nyɛ adwuma a ɔfoforo nka ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ biribiara pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Dɛn ne nneɛma ahorow a ɛma aniwa no yɛ adwuma? Momma yɛnhwɛ.
Nneɛma atitiriw pii na ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa mu. Momma yɛnka wɔn ho asɛm mmiako mmiako.
- Pupillary Reflexes a Ɛwɔ Aniwa no Mu
- Aniwa mu Nneɛma a Ɛma Aniwa no Ho Nsusuwii
- Vestibulo-aniwa mu ntini a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma
- Oculocephalic Reflex (wɔsan frɛ no "Doll's Eye Reflex") .
- Palpebral Oculogyric Reflex (a wɔsan frɛ no Bell’s Reflex) .
Pupillary Reflexes a Ɛwɔ Aniwa no Mu
Wɔfrɛ ɔfã tuntum a ɛwɔ w'ani mfinimfini no sɛ aniwa no . Ebia woahyɛ no nsow sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ kɛse na ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a ɛyɛ ketewaa. Eyi yɛ nea wɔde hwɛ hann dodow a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu no so. Ntini a ɛwɔ w’aniwa fã a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow, iris no, na ɛhwɛ sɛnea w’aniwa no kɛse te. Saa reflex adeyɛ yi ma w’aniwa no sesa ne kɛse ankasa wɔ kanea tebea horow mu. Wɔsan frɛ eyi `pupillary accommodation`. Eyi yɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a w’aniso bɛkɔ so ayɛ nea ɛyɛ den wɔ tebea horow mu. Ɛne sɛ, ɛhwɛ hann dodow a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu na ɛtɔ ` retina` no so.
Iris no wɔ nneɛma pii a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma:
- Pupillary Hann a Ɛma Aniwa no Yɛ:Eyi ne nea ɛba bere a w’aniwa no twetwe (ɛyɛ ketewaa) wɔ hann a ano yɛ den mu no. Sɛ hann a ano yɛ den bɔ w’ani a, ntini a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no twetwe denneennen, na ɛpiapia aniwa no. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wufi baabi a owia bɔ kɛse ba mu mpofirim a, w’ani bɛte nka sɛ ɛyɛ bruu kakra, kosi sɛ w’aniwa no bɛtrɛw bio na ayɛ nsakrae wɔ sum no mu.
- Pupillary Dark Reflex: Eyi ne bere a w’aniwa no trɛw (ɛyɛ kɛse) bere a wokɔ baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ sum no. Eyi ma ntini a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no dwo, na ɛma hann pii hyɛn aniwa no mu.
- Ciliospinal Reflex: Eyi yɛ soronko kakra. Sɛ biribi bɔ w’anim anaa wo kɔn mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wote ɛyaw bi anaasɛ woka wo a, w’aniwa no trɛw.
Aniwa mu Nneɛma a Ɛma Aniwa no Ho Nsusuwii
Aniwa no yɛ w’aniwa no fã a ɛda adi na ɛte sɛ mfɛnsere. Wɔde ntini a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ. Sɛ aniwa no fã fitaa (a wɔfrɛ no sclera ) ka aniwa no ho a, ɛboa ma wobɔ w’ani ho ban. Aniwa no wɔ dwumadi abien:
- Blink Reflex: Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, eyi ne reflex a ɛma w’ani to mu ara kwa bere a biribi ka w’aniwa no. Fa no sɛ, wobɔ w’ani a wunnim bere a mfutuma ketewaa bi kɔ w’ani so no, ɛnte saa? Ɛno ne no.
- Tear Reflex (`Tear Reflex` / `Lacrimatory Reflex`): Eyi nso ba bere a biribi ka w’ani no. Afei wo nusu nhyehyɛe no de nusu foforo hyɛ w’ani ma, na ɛhohoro biribiara a akɔhyɛ mu.
Sɛ aniwa nhwi bi hwe w’ani mu a, wunya saa aniwa no mu ntini abien yi nyinaa. Ansa na wubehu no, w’ani to mu, na afei mpofirim ara nusu hyɛ w’ani ma, na ɛhohoro. Eyi nyɛ biribi a ɛto w’ani kɛkɛ, nanso mmere foforo nso wɔ hɔ a saa ani a ɛbɔ anaa nusu a ɛtwetwe yi kanyan. Nhwɛsoɔ:
- Hann a ɛhyerɛn
- Bere a wote awerɛhow anaa dadwen nka no
- Sɛ ɔfe ba a
- Bere a ɔrefe
- Bere a mframa a ɛyɛ nwini bɔ no
Vestibulo-aniwa mu ntini (Vor) .
Ntini asia a ɛma efi ɔfã biako kɔ ɔfã foforo, kɔ soro ne fam na ɛhwɛ yɛn aniwa so. Eyinom na ɛma yetumi hu sɛnea yɛpɛ. Saa ntini koro yi ara nso kanyan yɛn aniwa wɔ nea wɔfrɛ no `Vestibulo-ocular Reflex` mu. Sɛ wo ti tu a, w'amemene ne `Oculomotor Nerve` no yɛ nsakrae nketenkete wɔ w'ani ntini mu. Sɛ wunsusuw ho mpo a, wo ti retu bere nyinaa, titiriw bere a wonam, woretu mmirika, anaa woreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ foforo biara no. Enti, sɛ wo ti tu a, ɛyɛ saa vestibulo-ocular reflex yi na ɛboa ma w’ani kɔ so yɛ pɛ. Fa no sɛ, sɛ woannya saa reflex yi a, anka w’ani so bɛyɛ kusuu bere nyinaa, te sɛ nea woretu hyɛmma mu wɔ po a ɛyɛ basabasa mu.
Oculocephalic Reflex (Doll Aniwa a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma) .
Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a aniwa ho oduruyɛfo fa so hwɛ sɛnea w’atirim ntini no reyɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔsan frɛ no doll’s eye reflex . Eyi yɛ `accommodation eye test`, a ɛyɛ kankyee sɔhwɛ a wode hwɛ sɛnea w'ani yɛ nsakrae yiye. Sɛ oduruyɛfo no hwɛ wo `Doll's Eye Reflex` a, ɔbɛkura w'aniwa anim na wadan wo ti ntɛmntɛm afi ɔfã biako akɔ ɔfã foforo. Afei, ɛwom mpo sɛ wo ti keka de, nanso w’ani bɛsakra wo ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛhwɛ w’anim tẽẽ. Sɛ w’aniwa yɛ kɛse kɛse wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu, anaasɛ w’ani tu dodo a, ebia biribi rehaw ntini anaa ntini a ɛboa ma w’ani gyina hɔ pintinn no. Afei ɛho behia sɛ oduruyɛfo no yɛ nhwehwɛmu pii na ama wahu nea ɛreka w’ani ankasa.
Palpebral Oculogyric Reflex (Bell Ntini a Ɛma Nhumu) .
Eyi ne bere a obi bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔde ne nsa bɛka w’ani anaa ɔhyɛ no ma ɛto mu, na ɛma wuhuruhuruw w’ani a wompɛ. Wɔsan frɛ eyi Bell’s Reflex . Sɛ woabobɔw w’ani pɛn bere a wode ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade hyehyɛ mu anaasɛ wode aniwa aduru bɛhyɛ mu a, ebia woanya eyi mu osuahu. Nnipa binom mpo wɔ saa Bell’s Reflex yi bere a wɔhyɛ aduru a wɔde yɛ wɔn ho no.
Nea ɛnte sɛ aniwa mu nneɛma afoforo no, Bell’s Reflex no mmoa w’ani so denneennen anaasɛ ɛmmɔ w’ani ho ban. Abenfo gye di sɛ ɛyɛ ahobammɔ afiri a wɔde ahyɛ yɛn nipadua mu. Nnipa a wɔn anim ayɛ mmerɛw te sɛ Bell’s Palsy no nni Bell’s Reflex no. Nanso, sɛ wunni Bell’s Reflex no a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ w’ani so. Nokwarem no, nnipa dodow bɛyɛ 10% nni Bell’s Reflex no fi awosu mu.
Dɛn ne tebea horow ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtaa ba a ɛka aniwa mu ntini a ɛma aniwa no yɛ adwuma?
Biribiara a ɛsɛe w’ani, wo ntini, wo ntini, anaa w’amemene no betumi aka w’aniwa ahoɔden. Ɔhaw ahorow bi a ebetumi asiw w’ani a ɛyɛ adwuma no kwan ni:
- Aniwa mu Apirakuru
- Ntini mu yare
- Akisikuru a ɛma obi hwe ase
- Nnipa a wɔabubu
- Brown Syndrome a Ɛyɛ Fɛ
- Horner Yare a Ɛyɛ Fɛ
- Strabismus (ani a wɔatwa) .
- Nystagmus (aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw) .
Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae
W’ani yɛ ɔkwan a ɛho hia yiye a wobɛfa so ne wiase a atwa wo ho ahyia no adi nkitaho. Sɛ wunsusuw ho mpo a, w’ani bɔ ho ban na ɛnam reflexes so di so. Wɔma w’ani so hwɛ ade yiye ara kwa, wɔbɔ w’ani ntini ho ban na ansɛe, na wɔbɔ wo ho ban fi nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyi ho.
Sɛ woanhyɛ da anhyɛ eyinom so mpo a, sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ w'aniwa ntini no biako ho a, ebetumi ama w'ani ate nka sɛ "biribi asɛe," "ɛnyɛ nea ɛteɛ koraa."
Enti, sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani anaa w’ani so a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn . Afei wobetumi ahwehwɛ w’ani mu yiye na wɔde afotu biara a ɛho hia ama wo. Kae sɛ yɛn ani som bo paa!
` Aniwa mu nsunsuanso, aniwa akwahosan, aniwa, anisoadehu, anisoadehu, ntini nhyehyɛe, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu
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