So woate nsɛmfua ‘akisikuru agyiraehyɛde’ pɛn? Ebia woate sɛ wo duruyɛfo reka wɔn ho asɛm, anaa woahu wɔn wɔ atesɛm krataa mu anaa television so. Dɛn ankasa ne saa ‘akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow’ yi? Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛne kokoram wɔ abusuabɔ? Ebia wowɔ nsɛmmisa pii wɔ eyi ho. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka saa nneɛma a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den yi ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan tiawa bi so a wubetumi ate ase.
Dɛn ne akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, tumor marker yɛ biribiara a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu a ebetumi ama yɛanya kokoram ho nsɛm. Yɛtaa frɛ protein ahorow a kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ no sɛ akisikuru agyiraehyɛde. Nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ a ɛnyɛ kokoram nso betumi ayɛ saa agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi de ayɛ kokoram ho biribi. Nanso, saa akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi nso betumi akyerɛ nsakrae anaa nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛba wo DNA mu.
Sɛnea polisifo hwehwɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi akyi no, saa ara na nnuruyɛfo de nsɛnkyerɛnne yi a wɔfrɛ no ‘akisikuru agyiraehyɛde’ di dwuma de hwehwɛ kokoram ho nsɛm.
Edin afoforo a wɔde frɛ eyinom ne ‘kokoram agyiraehyɛde’ anaa ‘biomarkers’. Nanso, wɔ da biara da kasa mu no, yɛtaa de edin ‘tumor markers’ di dwuma.
Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow mu?
Ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, "Ɛyɛ, dɛn na nnuruyɛfo betumi asua afi eyinom mu?" Tumor markers ho hia yiye efisɛ, sɛ wɔde ka nhwehwɛmu afoforo ho a, ebetumi aboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔahu kokoram ahorow bi na wɔasa. Nea wobetumi ayɛ ni:
- Ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ebia kokoram ahorow bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
- Wɔboa wo duruyɛfo ma woyɛ w’ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe. Ne titiriw no, wɔboa wo ma wusi ayaresa ko a eye ma wo ho gyinae.
- Wobetumi asɔ ahwɛ sɛ ebia mprempren kokoram ayaresa no di yiye anaasɛ ɛnte saa. Ɛne sɛ, wobetumi ahu sɛ ebia ayaresa no ma kokoram no so tew anaasɛ ɛda so ara yɛ nea ɛte saa ara.
- So wubetumi ama manya hokwan ahorow a wowɔ sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo no ho adwene bi?
- Wɔde eyinom nso di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea kokoram ahorow bi san ba bio.
Nanso ade biako a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem ne sɛ akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow bi de kokoram pɔtee biako ho nsɛm nkutoo ma. Nanso, akisikuru agyiraehyɛde afoforo betumi ama wɔanya kokoram ahorow bɛboro biako ho nsɛm.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu saa akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi? Ɛhe na wɔwɔ?
Mpɛn pii no, akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:
1. Circulating Tumor Markers: Eyinom wɔ yɛn nipadua mu nsu mu.
2. Tumor Tissue Markers: Eyinom wɔ tumor no mu tẽẽ.
Baabi a wubehu Circulating Tumor Markers
Eyinom yɛ wo dea:
- Mogya
- Nsuo a wɔde gu mu
- Agyanan
- Nnompe mu ntini
- Nnompe a wɔde gu mu
Wubetumi ahu denam nneɛma te sɛ: Sɛ wuhia mogya a, oduruyɛfo bi bɛyɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu. Sɛ wuhia nsu, nnompe, anaa nsu a wɔde yɛ nsu a, wɔbɛkyerɛ wo sɛnea wobɛfa. Sɛ wuhia nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu a, ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu .
Baabi a wubenya tumor tissue markers
Eyinom ne:
- Wɔ kokoram akisikuru mu (wɔ wo nipadua mu ntini mu) .
Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, oduruyɛfo bi fa ntini a ɛka no no mu kakraa bi, a wɔfrɛ no biopsy , na ɔde kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ nyarewa ho nhwehwɛmu ma wɔyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu.
So wobetumi de akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahu kokoram nyinaa?
Dabi, eyi yɛ asɛm a nnipa pii bisa. Wɔnnya nhuu akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow wɔ kokoram nyinaa ho. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wontumi nsɔ kokoram ahorow pii nhwɛ sɛ ebia saa akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi wɔ hɔ anaa. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, wo duruyɛfo betumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo wɔ lab, te sɛ CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) anaa MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) .
Dɛn ne akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow a yɛtaa ka ho asɛm no?
Akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde sɔ kokoram ahorow hwɛ. Nea wɔtaa de di dwuma kɛse no bi ni:
- AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein): Nnuruyɛfo de wo mogya bi di dwuma de hwɛ eyi de hu mmerɛbo mu kokoram , awotwaa mu kokoram, ne mmoawa nkwammoaa akisikuru afoforo , na wohu sɛnea ayaresa no tu mpɔn.
- BCL2 awosu mu abɔde mu nkwaadɔm a wɔsan hyehyɛ: Wɔyɛ eyi denam wo mogya, nnompe mu ntini, anaa akisikuru a wogye na wɔhwɛ mu de hu kokoram te sɛ mogya mu kokoram ne lymphoma na wɔyɛ ho nhyehyɛe so .
- BRCA1 ne BRCA2 awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae: Wobetumi asɔ eyinom ahwɛ wɔ mogya, nnompe, anaa akisikuru nhwɛsode mu de aboa ma wɔahu nufu mu kokoram ne awotwaa mu kokoram , na aboa ma wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu ne ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe.
- CA 19-9: Wɔde mogya susuw eyi na wɔde hu kokoram a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu , akisikuru , bile duct kokoram, ne yafunu mu kokoram , na wɔde hwɛ sɛnea ayaresa no di yiye.
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): WoSɛ wowɔ kokoram wɔ wo dwensɔtwaa mu a, wogye mogya de hu sɛnea ayaresa no di yiye, sɛ ebia kokoram no atrɛw, anaasɛ asan aba bio.
- Fibrin/Fibrinogen: Wɔsɔ eyi hwɛ wɔ wo nsu mu nhwɛsode bi mu de hwɛ sɛnea akisikuru a wɔde sa akisikuru no di yiye.
- Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): Wɔsusuw eyi wɔ mogya mu na wɔde kyerɛ baabi a mogya mu kokoram , lymphoma , melanoma , neuroblastoma, ne mmoawa nkwammoaa mu akisikuru no wɔ anaasɛ wɔde hwɛ sɛnea ayaresa no di yiye.
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): Wɔsusuw eyi wɔ mogya mu na ɛboa ma wohu prostate kokoram , hu sɛnea ayaresa no di yiye, ne sɛ ebia asan aba anaa.
- Thyroglobulin: Sɛ woanya thyroid kokoram , wɔde mogya susuw eyi de hwɛ sɛnea ayaresa no atumi ayɛ yiye ne sɛ ebia kokoram no asan aba anaa.
- UGT1A1*28 variant homozygosity: Sɛ wowɔ colorectal cancer , wobetumi asɔ eyi ahwɛ wɔ mogya anaa anim swab mu de akyerɛ awuduru dodow a wubenya afi nnuru a wɔde sa yare Irinotecan mu .
Afei ebia woate sɛnea saa akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi gu ahorow, ne sɛnea ɛho hia no ase.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ tumor marker nhwehwɛmu?
Eyi gyina kokoram ko a wo duruyɛfo reyɛ ho nhwehwɛmu so. Mpɛn pii no, tumor marker nhwehwɛmu hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nea edidi so yi mu biako:
- Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu
- Nnompe mu nhwehwɛmu
- Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu
- Nsu mu sɔhwɛ
- Biopsy a wɔde hwehwɛ nipadua mu
Nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi de boa ma wohu kokoram, wɔyɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe, anaasɛ wɔhwɛ sɛnea wo mprempren ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma yiye. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia wubehia nhwehwɛmu a ɛboro tumor marker nhwehwɛmu biako.
Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔanya sɔhwɛ ho amanneɛbɔ no?
Eyi nso gyina nneɛma pii so, titiriw no tumor marker test ko a wo duruyɛfo hyɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ no. Ebia wubenya nea efi mogya, nsu, nsu, anaa nnompe mu nhwehwɛmu mu aba wɔ da koro anaa nnanu mu. Nanso, sɛ wuhia biopsy , ebetumi agye dapɛn biako anaa nea ɛboro saa ansa na woanya nea efi mu ba. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wunya abotare na wommɔ hu.
Dɛn ne gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛfata ma kokoram agyiraehyɛde ahorow?
Eyi nso yɛ biribi a nnipa pii bisa. Nokwarem no, esiane sɛ kokoram agyiraehyɛde ahorow pii wɔ hɔ nti, ɛsono nea ɛfata ma emu biara. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu pii fa tumor marker values a ɛwɔ kokoram pɔtee bi ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa.
Sɛ wɔma akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow kɔ soro a, dɛn na ɛkyerɛ?
Sɛ nea efi akisikuru agyiraehyɛde nhwehwɛmu mu ba kyerɛ sɛ agyiraehyɛde ahorow no akɔ soro a, ebetumi ama wɔagye adwenem naayɛ sɛ ebia kokoram wɔ hɔ. Anaasɛ, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ kokoram no anyin anaasɛ atrɛw akɔ mmeae afoforo (a akɔ mmeae afoforo) .
Nanso, ma eyi ntra w’adwenem: nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ akisikuru agyiraehyɛde bi akɔ soro ara kwa no nnɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ.
Sɛ wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba dɔɔso a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea akontaabu no kyerɛ mu. Wobetumi nso ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo.
Sɛ akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow so tew a, dɛn na ɛkyerɛ?
Mpɛn pii no, akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow a ɛso tew no betumi akyerɛ sɛ ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma. Eyi yɛ asɛmpa ankasa. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow tumi kɔ soro na ɛba fam wɔ ayaresa no nyinaa mu. Esiane eyi nti, ebetumi ayɛ den kakra sɛ wobɛsusuw wɔn daa. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo de tumor marker nhwehwɛmu di dwuma de ka nhwehwɛmu afoforo a wɔde hu yare ho no.
So wobetumi ama akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow akɔ soro a kokoram nka ho?
Yiw, ebetumi aba! Eyi nso yɛ asɛm a ɛho hia paa. Akwahosan tebea afoforo pii a ɛnyɛ kokoram nso betumi ama akisikuru agyiraehyɛde dodow akɔ soro. Wɔn mu bi ni:
- Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu
- Thyroid yareɛ
- Ovarian cysts (a ɛnyɛ bɔne, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ kokoram) .
- Asaabo mu yare
- Asaabo mu abo
- Hepatitis (mrɛbo mu yare) .
- Sarcoidosis ( ɔyare a ɛma obi ho hyehye no a ɛba nipadua no afã horow) .
Enti, mma wo ho nnpopo esiane sɛ akisikuru agyiraehyɛde bi akɔ soro nti. Wo duruyɛfo no behu nea ɛde ba ankasa na waka akyerɛ wo.
So adwennwen betumi ama akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow ayɛ kɛse?
Nnipa binom reka eyi nso ho asɛm. Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ adwennwen a enni sabea betumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ kokoram bɛsan aba nnipa a wɔadi kan asa wɔn kokoram no mu kɛse. Nanso, nhwehwɛmu foforo ho hia na ama wɔahu sɛ ebia adwennwen ma akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow yɛ kɛse tẽẽ anaa. Nanso, adwenemyare pa a wobɛkɔ so akura mu no ho hia wɔ nneɛma nyinaa mu.
Enti, nkrasɛm a etwa to a wɔde kɔ fie:
Okay, enti yɛaka tumor markers ho asɛm pii nnɛ, ɛnte saa? Misusuw sɛ woanya eyinom ho ntease pa. Nea etwa to no, ma nsɛntitiriw yi ntra w’adwenem:
- Tumor markers yɛ adwinnade a ɛho hia a ɛboa nnuruyɛfo ma wohu kokoram, sa, na wɔhwɛ so.
- Akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ kokoram ahorow. Ɛnyɛ kokoram nyinaa na ɛwɔ agyiraehyɛde ahorow.
- Esiane sɛ akisikuru agyiraehyɛde bi akɔ soro nti nnɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛma kokoram ayɛ nokware. Sɔhwɛ pii ho hia ma ɛno.
- Tumor markers nso betumi akɔ soro esiane tebea afoforo a ɛnyɛ kokoram nti.
- Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee wɔ nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen biara a wowɔ wɔ wo tumor marker nhwehwɛmu no mu aba ho. Wobetumi akyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata wo paa so.
Kae sɛ, nhumu ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so adi akwahosan ho haw biara ho dwuma. Yɛrepɛ sɛ mo akwahosan pa!
` Kokoram, akisikuru agyiraehyɛde, kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne, kokoram nhwehwɛmu, kokoram a wohu, kokoram ayaresa, akwahosan ho nimdeɛ
💬 Comments (0)
Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.
Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho