Momma yensua yɛn nipadua no ‘awɛmfo’ awosu mu nkwaadɔm (Tumor Suppressor Genes) a ɛde breki to kokoram so no ho ade!

So woasusuw pɛn sɛ awɛmfo nketenkete bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛboa ma kokoram ntumi nkɔ? Yiw, ɛyɛ nokware. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka awosu mu abɔde bi a ɛho hia yiye a ɛhwɛ kokoram nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu so ho asɛm. Eyinom te sɛ ‘awɛmfo’ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Dɛn ne saa ‘awosu mu nkwaadɔm a esiw akisikuru ano’ yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa ``Tumor Suppressor Genes`` yi yɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm kuw titiriw bi a ɛbɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban fi kokoram ho. Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ breki a ɛwɔ kar mu. Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi yɛ protein soronko bi. Saa protein ahorow yi ma nkwammoaa nnyin ntɛmntɛm dodo, a ebetumi ama obi anya kokoram, na ɛde "breki" to so.

Susuw nea ɛbɛba sɛ saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a esiw kokoram ano yi kɔ mu nsakrae bi mu , kyerɛ sɛ, nsakrae bi ba a. Afei ɛte sɛ nea woreyi breki afi kar bi so na woatiatia accelerator no so. Nkwammoaa nyin ntɛmntɛm mpofirim a wontumi nni so. Ɛno ne bere a asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no yɛ kɛse.

Ɔkwan bɛn so ankasa na saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi yɛ adwuma wɔ yɛn nipadua mu?

Sɛ yɛbɛte sɛnea saa ``Tumor Suppressor Genes'' yi yɛ adwuma ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yedi kan hu abusuabɔ a ɛda ``DNA'', genes, ne nkwammoaa ntam no kakra.

Nkwammoaa ɔpepepem pii a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no mu biara kura ``DNA''. Wɔ saa ``DNA'' yi mu no, awosu mu nkwaadɔm wɔ hɔ. Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi kyerɛ nea nkwammoaa no yɛ, bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu, ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wogyae mpaapaemu.

Afei fa no sɛ sɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa bi mu sesa , kyerɛ sɛ ɛsakra a, saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a wɔasakra no gyae protein yɛ, anaasɛ wofi ase yɛ protein a ɛnteɛ. Sɛ ɛba saa a, saa protein ahorow a ɛnteɛ no betumi agyae akwankyerɛ a wɔde ma nkwammoaa no, anaasɛ wobetumi de akwankyerɛ a ɛnteɛ ama. Wɔ kokoram mu no, akwankyerɛ foforo yi ma nkwammoaa mu paapae na ɛdɔɔso a wontumi nni so, na awiei koraa no ɛyɛ akisikuru .

Enti, nea saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a esiw kokoram ano yi yɛ ne sɛ wodi adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no nkwammoaa kyinhyia no so pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛyɛ:

• Ɛmma nkwammoaa mu mpaapae na ɛnnɔɔso ntɛmntɛm, na ɛma akisikuru ba. Eyi ho hia paa.
• Mpɛn pii no, nkwammoaa tra ase bere pɔtee bi na afei wowuwu. Yɛfrɛ eyi "nkwaboaa owu a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe / apoptosis." Ɛne sɛ, ɛboa ma nkwammoaa dedaw a asɛe no wuwu wɔ awosu mu.
• Esiesie DNA a ɛsɛe ade a ebetumi aba bere a nkwammoaa mu paapae ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea ɛte daa no.
• Ɛboa ma kokoram akisikuru ntrɛw wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛnyɛ ``ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo.''

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi na ɛma yɛhwɛ hu sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no reyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a wɔahyehyɛ so na wɔahyɛ so. Te sɛ kar akwan so polisini.

Dɛn nti na saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi sakra? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Nneɛma atitiriw abien nti na saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a esiw kokoram ano yi sesa.

1. Nkwammoaa mu nsakrae a wonya fi awo mu:

Nnipa binom nya saa awosu mu nsakrae yi fi wɔn awofo hɔ. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ na awosu mu abɔde a wɔayɛ no foforo no wɔ nkesua anaa mmadwoa nkwammoaa a ɛma wowoo wo no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Li-Fraumeni syndrome fi awosu mu awosu mu abɔde a ɛsakra a esiw kokoram ano a wonya fi ɔwofo hɔ.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, obi a wɔwo no a ɔwɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm biako a wɔasakra no betumi anya awosu mu nkwaadɔm foforo a wɔasakra no akyiri yi. Sɛ obi wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm abien a ɛte saa a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya kokoram ahorow bi te sɛ nufu mu kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wokae sɛ sɛ wunya saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi a, ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wubenya kokoram .

2. Nkwammoaa mu nsakrae a wonya:

Mpɛn pii no, bere a yɛrenyin no, saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia kokoram yi sakra. Yɛn nipadua te sɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ wɔyɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm foforo a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a mfomso betumi asi. Bere kɔ so no, sɛ wɔansiesie saa adeyɛ yi yiye a, saa mfomso ahorow yi betumi aboaboa ano. Ɛyɛ saa mfomso ahorow yi na ɛma awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia kokoram no gyae adwumayɛ.

Dɛn ne awosu mu nkwaadɔm ahorow a ɛsakra a ɛma akisikuru siw ano no? Ma yɛnhwɛ nhwɛso ahorow bi.

Mprempren aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmufo ahu awosu mu nkwaadɔm bɛboro 1,000 a wɔayɛ no foforo a esiw kokoram ano a ebetumi de kokoram aba. Nhwɛso atitiriw a yɛtaa te ho asɛm no bi ni:

• (p53) Awosu mu abɔde: Wɔahu sɛ nsakrae, anaa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae, a ɛba saa awosu mu abɔde yi mu no ne kokoram nyinaa mu bɛboro 50% wɔ abusuabɔ . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ eyi yɛ awosu mu abɔde a ɛho hia yiye.
• (RB1) awosu mu abɔde: Eyi ne nhwɛso a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsakrae bi aba awosu mu nkwaadɔm a esiw kokoram ano a ɛde kokoram ba. Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ saa ``(RB1)`` gene yi sesa wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram a ɛtaa ba te sɛ nufu mu kokoram ne prostate kokoram mu.
• (CDKN2a) awosu mu abɔde: Wɔsakra saa awosu mu abɔde yi wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ awosu mu melanoma (honam ani kokoram bi) ne dwensɔtwaa mu kokoram mu. Wohu nso wɔ kokoram a nnipa nya wɔ wɔn nkwa nna mu nyinaa mu 25% kosi 30% mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi ahu wɔ nufu mu kokoram, ahurututu mu kokoram, akisikuru, ne dwensɔtwaa mu kokoram mu.
• (BRCA1) ne (BRCA2) awosu mu nkwaadɔm: Ebia woate saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi ho asɛm. Nnipa a wɔwɔ nufu mu kokoram a wonya fi awo mu ne awotwaa mu kokoram, ne wɔn a wonya awotwaa mu kokoram akyiri yi wɔ wɔn nkwa nna mu no wɔ nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm ``BRCA1'' mu. Nnipa a wɔwɔ nufu mu kokoram a wonya fi awo mu nso betumi anya nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm ``BRCA2'' mu. Saa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae yi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya nufu, awotwaa, ne kokoram afoforo no yɛ kɛse. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya nufu anaa awotwaa mu kokoram a, wɔnyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu.
• (APC) awosu mu abɔde:Nnipa a wɔwoo wɔn a wɔwɔ awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ Gardner syndrome anaa Turcot syndrome no wɔ saa ``(APC)`` awosu mu abɔde mu nkwaadɔm yi a wɔayɛ no foforo. Nhwehwɛmufo de saa ``(APC)`` awosu mu abɔde a wɔayɛ no foforo yi abata kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu ne mmerɛbo mu kokoram ho.
• (PTEN) awosu mu abɔde: Wɔsakra saa (PTEN) awosu mu abɔde yi wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram ahorow te sɛ nufu mu kokoram, prostate kokoram, ti ne kɔn mu squamous carcinoma, ne follicular thyroid kokoram mu.

Eyinom yɛ nhwɛso kakraa bi pɛ. Awosu mu nkwaadɔm afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ɛte sɛ eyi.

So awosu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ hɔ de hu sɛ ebia wɔasakra awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi anaa?

Yiw, awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ahu awosu mu nsakrae ahorow bi, kyerɛ sɛ, awosu mu nsakrae ahorow bi a ɛwɔ saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a esiw kokoram ano yi mu. Nanso, ɛnyɛ obiara na ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi.

Hena na ɔfata sɛ wɔyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu?

Sɛnea Ɔman Kokoram Asoɛe kyerɛ no, nneɛma pii nti na wubetumi asusuw ho sɛ wobɛyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu ahu sɛ ebia wowɔ kokoram:

• Sɛ wunyaa kokoram ansa na woadi mfe 50 a.
• Sɛ woanya kokoram ahorow pii a.
• Sɛ wowɔ kokoram wɔ w’akwaa nhyehyɛe abien no nyinaa mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, kokoram wɔ asaabo abien no nyinaa mu, anaa kokoram wɔ nufu abien no nyinaa mu).
• Sɛ w’abusua mu abusuafo pii a wodi kan anya kokoram koro no ara a. Abusuafo a wodi kan ne w’awofo, wo nuanom, ne wo mma. Nhwehwɛmufo binom kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnsɔ abusuafo a wɔwɔ dibea a ɛto so abien ne abiɛsa nso hwɛ.
• Sɛ w’abusua mufo pii anya kokoram anaasɛ mprempren wɔwɔ bi a.
• Sɛ wowɔ kokoram pɔtee bi a ɛntaa nsi wɔ nnipa a wɔne wo bɔ tipɛn anaa wo bɔbeasu mu a. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mmarima nufu mu kokoram.
• Sɛ wowɔ nipadua mu nsakrae a ɛbata kokoram ho yare ahorow bi a wonya fi awo mu ho a. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Neurofibromatosis Type 1 yɛ kokoram a wonya fi awo mu a sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo te sɛ akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram a wɔfrɛ no neurofibromas ka ho.
• Sɛ wufi abusuakuw anaa abusuakuw bi mu a, wunim sɛ asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya kokoram bi a wonya fi awo mu, na wowɔ nneɛma a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ `(BRCA1/2)` awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae no abu so kɛse wɔ `(Ashkenazi Yudafo)` (nnipa a wofi Europa Mfinimfini ne Apuei fam Yudafo abusua mu).

So yebetumi ahu biribiara pɛpɛɛpɛ afi sɔhwɛ ahorow yi mu?

Eyi nso ho hia paa. Sɛ woyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram mpo a, ebia worennya mmuae a emu da hɔ.Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ awosu mu nsakrae a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wubenya kokoram. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ ebia asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya kokoram.

Sɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no haw wo a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn na woaka w’akwahosan nyinaa, w’asetra kwan, ne w’abusua aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm ho asɛm. Afei wo duruyɛfo betumi akamfo nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ kokoram a ɛfata wo akyerɛ wo. Ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi yɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Okay, enti nneɛma atitiriw a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fa ``Tumor Suppressor Genes'' a yɛkaa ho asɛm no ho ni:

• Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi yɛ adwuma sɛ kyɛm titiriw a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi kokoram ho .
• Wɔhwɛ sɛnea wo nkwammoaa no mu paapae ntɛmntɛm, kunkum nkwammoaa dedaw anaa asɛe, na wosiesie DNA a asɛe no.
• Sɛ saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi sesa , nkwammoaa tumi mu paapae na ɛdɔɔso a wontumi nni so, na ɛde kokoram akisikuru ba.
• Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmufo ahu awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛte saa a esiw kokoram ano bɛboro 1,000.
• Wɔyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu de hu saa awosu mu nsakrae yi, nanso ɛnyɛ nea ɛfata obiara.
• Sɛ wohaw wo ho anaasɛ wowɔ dadwen bi wɔ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ afotu. Afei wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo nea wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram so ne nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ebia wubehia.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ wuhui sɛ mfaso wɔ saa nsɛm yi so. Yɛbɛsan ahyia akwahosan ho afotu foforo a ɛho hia te sɛ eyi!

` Tumor Suppressor Genes, kokoram, awosu mu nsakrae, DNA, nkwammoaa, awosu mu nhwehwɛmu, kokoram ho asiane