So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ biribi asɛe wo nipadua, te sɛ nea wo hormone ahorow no asɛe? Ebia ɛyɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu nti. Sɛ saa ntini yi yɛ adwuma boro so a, ebetumi aka wo nipadua no dwumadi ahorow pii a ɛho hia te sɛ onyin, nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, ne awo. Ɛnnɛ yɛreka pituitary gland a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so, anaasɛ hyperpituitarism ho asɛm.
Dɛn ne Pituitary Gland no?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, pituitary gland no te sɛ master control center a ɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua no dwumadi so. Ɛyɛ ntini a ne kɛse te sɛ pea a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene no ase. Ɛyɛ yɛn endocrine nhyehyɛe no ti. Ɛno nti na ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ no "master gland". Ɛhwɛ ntini afoforo a ɛho hia te sɛ thyroid ntini, adrenal gland, ne gonadal glands dwumadi so.
Susuw thermostat a ɛwɔ yɛn fie no ho hwɛ. Ɛhwɛ ɔhyew a ɛwɔ fie hɔ bere nyinaa na ɛde nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔma ɔhyew afiri ne nwini a ɛma ɛyɛ hyew no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛkɔ so ayɛ pɛ, ɛnte saa? Pituitary gland nso yɛ adwuma saa ara. Ɛhwɛ sɛnea yɛn nipadua no yɛ adwuma bere nyinaa na ɛde nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔma akwaa ne ntini ahorow no wɔ adwuma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ, bere a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ, ne dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ ho. Saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no hormone .
Pituitary gland no ne yɛn amemene no fã bi a wɔfrɛ no hypothalamus wɔ abusuabɔ. Amemene no ka kyerɛ pituitary gland no sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ eyi hormone pɔtee bi a ɛboro so anaasɛ kakraa bi fi mu.
Nkwammoaa atitiriw bɛn na pituitary gland no yɛ?
Pituitary gland no wɔ afã atitiriw abiɛsa. Ɔfã biara ma nkwaadɔm a ɛsono emu biara ba. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ ne nea ɛto wɔn.
| Ntini no fã bi | Hormone a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma | Dwumadi titiriw |
|---|---|---|
| Anterior Lobe a Ɛwɔ Anim (Bɛyɛ 80% wɔ ntini no mu) . | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma yiye . | Ɛkanyan adrenal glands no, titiriw adwennwen hormone cortisol a ɛma mogya mmoroso ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma. |
| Nkwammoaa a Ɛma Onyin (GH) . | Ɛhwɛ nipadua no nyin (titiriw wɔ mmofra mu), nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, ne nipadua no mu nneɛma (srade, ntini) so. | |
| Ntini a Ɛkanyan Thyroid (TSH) . | Ɛkanyan thyroid gland no na ɛboa ma wɔyɛ thyroid hormone ahorow a ɛhwɛ nipadua no ahoɔden so. | |
| Gonadotropins (LH ne FSH) . | Wɔkanyan awotwaa ne mmadwoa ma ɛyɛ nna mu nkwaadɔm a ɛho hia ma awo. | |
| Prolactin a wɔde yɛ aduru | Ɛkanyan nufusu a ɛba wɔ awo akyi. | |
| Mfinimfini Lobe | Hormone a ɛkanyan melanocyte | Ɛka honam ani hwɛbea a ɛyɛ kɔla. |
| Akyi Akyi Ntini | Nnuru a ɛko tia nsu mu nsu (ADH) . | Ɛhwɛ nipadua no mu nsu ne electrolyte a ɛkari pɛ so. |
| Oxytocin a wɔde yɛ aduru | Ɛhwɛ awotwaa a ɛtwetwe ne nufusu a ɛba bere a wɔrewo no so. |
Nyarewa bɛn na ɛba bere a pituitary gland no yɛ adwuma boro so no?
Sɛ pituitary gland no yɛ adwuma boro so, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ ɛma hormone bi dɔɔso dodo a, aduruyɛ mu tebea horow betumi aba. Nea ɛde eyi ba titiriw ne akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram (a ɛnyɛ papa) a ɛba ntini no mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ pituitary adenoma .
Eyinom ne nyarewa atitiriw a ebetumi aba esiane eyi nti no bi:
- Cushing yare: Sɛ pituitary gland no yi ACTH pii fi mu a, adrenal glands no ma cortisol pii, na ebetumi asɛe nipadua no nipadua no mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ne nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no.
- Acromegaly: Tebea a ɛba bere a nipadua no mu nkwaadɔm a ɛma onyin (GH) dodow kɔ soro dodo no. Eyi ma nnompe ne ntini nyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so.
- Hyperthyroidism: Sɛ pituitary tumor ma TSH pii ba (eyi ho yɛ na kakra) a, thyroid gland no yɛ adwuma boro so. Eyi betumi ama nneɛma te sɛ nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ntɛmntɛm, koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm, ne dadwen aba.
- Prolactinoma: Akisikuru bi a ɛwɔ pituitary gland mu a ɛma hormone prolactin no fi nipadua no mu dodo. Eyi betumi aka awo nhyehyɛe wɔ mmea ne mmarima nyinaa mu.
Esiane sɛ tebea horow yi betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den nti, sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
Dɛn ne tebea horow yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
Ɛsono sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛbata tebea biara ho. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea eyinom yɛ. Hwɛ sɛ wo nso wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi anaa.
| Tebea | Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ebetumi Aba |
|---|---|
| Cushing yare a ɛma obi nya ɔyare no |
|
| Acromegaly a ɛma nipadua no yɛ kɛse |
*Sɛ eyi to mmofra a, wɔfrɛ no 'gigantism.' Wotumi nyin tenten wɔ ɔkwan soronko so. |
| Ntini a ɛma mogya tu a ɛboro so |
|
| Prolactinoma a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu | Wɔ mmea fam no:
Wɔ mmarima fam no:
*Wɔ afã abien no nyinaa: Tiyɛ ne aniwa mu haw betumi aba (esiane akisikuru no a ɛreyɛ kɛse na ɛremia aniwa ntini no so nti). |
Hyperpituitarism wɔ mmofra mu
Saa tebea yi ho yɛ na koraa wɔ mmofra mu. Sɛ ɛba a, mpɛn pii no, akisikuru ketewaa bi a ɛnyɛ kokoram a wɔfrɛ no pituitary microadenoma na ɛde ba. Tebea a wɔtaa hu wɔ mmofra mu ne prolactinoma.
- Wɔ mmeawa fam no: Ebia mmabunbere a ɛkyɛ ne brayɛ a wogyae (amenorrhea) bɛba.
- Wɔ mmarimaa fam: Bere a akisikuru no nyin na ɛmia ntini ahorow no, ebetumi ama obi ti ayɛ no yaw, aniwa nhu ade yiye, ne ɔhaw afoforo. Ebetumi nso de mmerantebere akyɛ anaa onyin ho haw ahorow aba.
Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?
Mpɛn pii no, akisikuru a ɛwɔ pituitary gland no mu na ɛde hyperpituitarism ba. Wonnim nea enti a saa akisikuru yi ba ankasa.
- Akisikuru a ɛnyɛ hu: Eyi ne nea ɛtaa de ba. Ɛdenam nkwammoaa ko a wɔde yɛ akisikuru no so no, efi ase yi hormone biako anaa abien pii fi mu.
- Awosu mu tebea horow: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) betumi de saa akisikuru yi aba.
- Kokoram: Ɛntaa mma sɛ kokoram akisikuru anaa hypothalamus yare bi betumi de eyi aba.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobehu tebea yi?
Afei, sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔwɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nkyɛn a, ɔbɛfa abakɔsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri na watie wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no. Ɛno akyi no, ebia wɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de si so dua sɛ wɔahu yare no.
- Mogya ne nsu mu nhwehwɛmu: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi susuw hormone dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya anaa wo nsu mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔhwɛ sɛnea prolactin, cortisol, ne onyin hormone dodow te.
- Mfonini a Wɔde Hwɛ: Sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ lab kyerɛ sɛ akisikuru bi wɔ hɔ a, wobetumi ayɛ scan de asi so dua. Eyi betumi akyerɛ baabi pɔtee a akisikuru no wɔ ne sɛnea ɛsõ.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan: Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so yɛ adwuma.
- CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: Sɛ wowɔ pacemaker a, wobetumi ayɛ CT scan efisɛ wontumi nyɛ MRI.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa?
Ɛdenam wo tebea so no, wobetumi de ayaresa kwan biako anaa nea ɛboro saa adi dwuma abom.
Nnuru a wɔde ma
Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wɔde nnuru ma de hwɛ sɛnea hormone dodow so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ prolactinoma fam no, wɔma nnuru a ɛbɛma prolactin dodow so atew na ama akisikuru no so atew. Ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a wɔde nnuru di dwuma de tew akisikuru akɛse so ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn.
Sɛɛgyiri
Wɔ tebea horow te sɛ acromegaly anaa Cushing syndrome mu no, wɔyɛ oprehyɛn yi akisikuru no fi hɔ. Wɔfrɛ oprehyɛn a wɔtaa yɛ sen biara no transsphenoidal adenomectomy . Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no twa hwene anaa anofafa a ɛwɔ soro no mu ketewaa bi, edu pituitary gland no mu, na oyi akisikuru no fi hɔ. Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ oprehyɛn a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye de, nanso sɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw yɛ oprehyɛn a, nkonimdi boro 80%.
Mframa a wɔde sa yare
Wɔ wɔn a wontumi nyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn, anaasɛ sɛ akisikuru no afã horow bi da so ara wɔ oprehyɛn akyi a, wɔde mframa a wɔde sa yare di dwuma. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den kɛse bi bɛto akisikuru no so na wɔasɛe nkwammoaa no.
Adwene no te dɛn?
Wɔ nnipa pii fam no, tebea yi ho anidaso ye. Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsa de, nanso sɛ wɔsa yare no yiye na wodi ho dwuma a, nnipa pii betumi adi wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so na wɔatra ase a apɔwmuden, anigye, na ɛsow aba. Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru anaasɛ wobɛtra oduruyɛfo hwɛ ase bere tenten. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkɔ so adi nkitaho daa na woama wahu nsakrae biara a ɛbɛba wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow mu.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Pituitary gland no te sɛ yɛn nipadua no "master controller". Nnuru a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no na ɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua no dwumadi ahorow pii a ɛho hia so.
- Sɛ saa ntini yi yɛ adwuma boro so a, nyarewa ahorow te sɛ hyperpituitarism, Cushing’s syndrome, ne acromegaly betumi aba.
- Sɛ wuhu nsakrae a ɛba mpofirim a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ nneɛma te sɛ nipadua mu duru, anim nsusuwii, honam ani hwɛbea, anaa brayɛ mu a, hwɛ yiye.
- Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Di kan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na nya afotu.
- Sɛ wohu yare no yiye na wɔsa yare a, wobetumi adi tebea horow yi mu pii so yiye na nkurɔfo atumi atra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ.
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