Mfoninitwa afiri titiriw bi a ɛhwɛ nipadua no mu: Biribiara a ɛfa Nuklea Aduruyɛ Mfoniniyɛ ho!

So woate sɔhwɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘Nuclear Medicine Imaging’ ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wotee ho asɛm bere a wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛte saa no. Sɛ wote din yi a, ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra ankasa, ɛnte saa? ‘Nuklea’ bere a woka no saa no. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka ho asɛm kɔ akyiri, wɔ Sinhala kasa mu a wubetumi ate ase, na ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Te sɛ nea wo ne w’adamfo bi rekasa ara pɛ.

Dɛn ne nea wɔfrɛ no Nuclear Medicine Imaging yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so hwɛ akwaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no. Nanso nea ɛnte sɛ scan afoforo no, eyi wɔ nsonsonoe kakra. Nea ɛba ni: Nea edi kan no, wɔma wo ‘radioactive tracer’ kakraa bi pɛ. Wɔtaa de eyi ma denam aduru a wɔde twitwiw ntini bi mu so. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔde ma sɛ anonne, a egyina sɔhwɛ a wɔreyɛ no so. Eyi nyɛ aduru anaa nsu a ɛma nipadua no kɔla, ɛnte saa? Sɛ wɔde eyi ma a, ɛnam yɛn mogya mu, kɔ akwaa anaa ntini a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛhwehwɛ mu no mu, na wɔde gu hɔ.

Afei, wɔde wo to mfoninitwa afiri soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘gamma camera’ ase, a ɛhu mframa a ɛnyɛ anifere a ade a wɔde hyɛɛ wo nipadua mu no de ba no. Saa mfoninitwa afiri yi yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Wɔde saa mframa a ɛbɔ ho nsɛm no kɔ kɔmputa so na wɔdan no mfonini ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ. Ɛte sɛ ‘map’ a ɛkyerɛ akwaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛyɛ saa mfonini ahorow no a wɔbɛhwɛ so na nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ ebia ɔhaw bi wɔ wo nipadua mu anaasɛ akwaa bi reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.

Afei ebia woresusuw sɛ, ‘Oo, radioactive, ɛyɛ hu, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ enye mma wo nipadua.’ Nanso nokwasɛm ne sɛ, mframa dodow a ɛwɔ ade a wɔde yɛɛ sɔhwɛ yi mu no sua koraa . Ɛne sɛ, ɛyɛ mframa dodow koro no ara a yɛtaa nya wɔ yɛn da biara da tebea mu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ɛba fam koraa. Afei nso, mpɛn pii no, saa nneɛma yi mfa ɔhaw biara mma. Woyi saa nneɛma yi fi nipadua no mu bere tiaa bi akyi. Enti biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro a ɛho nhia.

Dɛn nti na yehia sɔhwɛ a ɛte sɛɛ (Nuclear Imaging Test)?

Wiɛ, wɔde sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma titiriw de hu nyarewa ahorow. Ɛtɔ da bi nso a wɔde sa yare na wɔhwɛ sɛnea mprempren ayaresa no tu mpɔn. Susuw sɛnea sɔhwɛ yi betumi aboa yɛn nnuruyɛfo ma wɔahu no ho hwɛ. Nyarewa ne tebea horow a nhwehwɛmu yi betumi ahu no bi ni:

• Mogya mu nyarewa bi (e.g., mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ahorow bi, mogya a ɛtwetwe ho haw).
• Thyroid nyarewa, titiriw tebea horow te sɛ hypothyroidism, a thyroid ntini no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Komayare (e.g., mogya a ɛkɔ koma ntini no mu a ɛso tew, koma no sɛe wɔ komayare akyi).
• Nnyarewa a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, cholecystitis, bile duct a ɛsiw).
• Ahurututu mu haw (e.g., mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ ahurututu mu, ahurututu mu dwumadi a ɛso tew).
• Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nnompe ho, te sɛ nnompe mu yare, akisikuru a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu, ne sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa atrɛw akɔ nnompe no mu anaa.
• Sɛ nhwɛso no, asaabo mu nyarewa, asaabo mu yare, akuru, ne nsu a ɛsiw.
• Kyerɛ kokoram ahorow ahorow na hwɛ baabi a kokoram no atrɛw akodu (staging).

Eyi akyi no, sɛnea madi kan aka no, wɔde saa ``Nuclear Medicine Imaging'' mfiridwuma yi nso di dwuma ma akwan a wɔfa so sa yare. Nhwɛsoɔ ne ``Radioimmunotherapy'' ayaresa kwan no. Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den ne nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ka bom, na wɔde mframa a wɔde ma no kɔ baabi a wɔde wɔn ani asi so, te sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa ara pɛ, ma wɔsa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi atew nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden a wɔsɛe no no so.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda eyi ne radiologic nhwehwɛmu afoforo ntam?

Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛte ase. Afoforo `(Radiologic tests)` anaa sɛnea yenim no ``X-ray``, ``(CT scan)`` titiriw hwɛ sɛnea yɛn nipadua akwaa te , kyerɛ sɛ, wɔn nsusuwii, kɛse, density, nhyehyɛe, ne nea ɛkeka ho Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi hwɛ ``anatomy`` akwaa bi.

Nanso saa ``Nuclear Medicine Imaging'' sɔhwɛ yi hwɛ sɛnea akwaa ahorow no reyɛ adwuma titiriw . Ɛne sɛ, sɛ ebia akwaa no reyɛ adwuma yiye, sɛ ebia wɔn nnuru a wɔde di dwuma no rekɔ so yiye, sɛ ebia mogya no di akɔneaba yiye, ne sɛ ebia nsakrae bi wɔ nkwammoaa mu anaa.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, bere a scan afoforo twa akwaa bi ‘mfonini’ no, Nuclear Medicine Imaging te sɛ ‘wɔrehwɛ sɛnea saa akwaa no yɛ adwuma no tee’.

Mfaso kɛse a ɛwɔ so sɛ obi tumi hu akwaa bi dwumadi wɔ saa kwan yi so ne sɛ wotumi hu nyarewa bi denam nsakrae a ɛba wɔn dwumadi mu ansa na nsakrae akɛse aba wɔn nhyehyɛe mu. Afei nnuruyɛfo betumi anya yare no ntɛm na wɔafi ase sa yare no ntɛm. Eyi ma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ayaresa no bɛyɛ yiye no yɛ kɛse.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ yesiesie yɛn ho ansa na sɔhwɛ yi aba?

Eyi nso yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu no yiye. Nanso esiane sɛ ``Nuclear Medicine'' sɔhwɛ ahorow pii wɔ hɔ nti, ɔkwan a ɛsɛ sɛ wofa so siesie wo ho ma emu biara no nyɛ pɛ. Ɛbɛyɛ soronko wɔ sɔhwɛ biara a wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛyɛ no mu.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow bi mu no, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ nnidi anaa nnom biribiara gye nsu nnɔnhwerew anan kosi asia ansa na sɔhwɛ no aba kosi sɛ sɔhwɛ no bɛba awiei (mmuadadi). Wɔ nhwehwɛmu afoforo mu no, wobetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae nnuru bi a wobɛnom nna kakraa bi ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Nanso ebia sɔhwɛ afoforo renhia ahosiesie titiriw biara.

Enti, adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ, sɛ wɔkyerɛw wo nhwehwɛmu te sɛ yei a, ɛsɛ sɛ wobisa wo duruyɛfoɔ anaa ayaresabea no dwumadibea a ɛfa ho a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no sɛdeɛ wobɛsiesie wo ho ama no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔbɛma wo akwankyerɛ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne nea ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ ho. Saa akwankyerɛ ahorow no a wubedi akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ no ho hia yiye na ama woanya sɔhwɛ no mu aba a edi mu.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yehu da a yɛbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Nneɛma nketenkete kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wode sie w’adwene mu da a wobɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Eyinom nyɛ nneɛma akɛse, nanso eye sɛ wubehu.

• Nea edi kan koraa no, kwati sɛ wode wo nneɛma a ɛsom bo (te sɛ agude, nhwene), sika pii, ne credit card bɛba ayaresabea. Efisɛ sɛ wɔyera a, ɛno yɛ ɔhaw foforo. Ɛwom mpo sɛ mpɛn pii no, mmeae a wɔde nneɛma gu mu wɔ hɔ de, nanso eye sɛ woremfa mmra.
• Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ hyɛ ayaresabea atade soronko bi. Eyi bɛma sɔhwɛ no ayɛ mmerɛw.
• Mfiridwuma ho abenfo a wɔatete wɔn titiriw na wɔakyerɛw wɔn din na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi. Afei Nuklea Radiologists ne nnuruyɛfo hwehwɛ mfonini ne nsɛm a wonya fi sɔhwɛ no mu no mu na wohu sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ. Enti, wubetumi anya awerɛhyem sɛ wowɔ nsa a ahobammɔ wom mu.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛkɔ so wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu. Sɛ wɔde wo kɔ sɔhwɛ dan mu wie a, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ da mpa so wɔ ``Gamma mfoninitwa afiri no ase.'' Saa mfoninitwa afiri yi sõ kakra, nanso ɛrenka wo nipadua, enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro.

Mfoninitwa afiri no ti bɛfa wo nipadua fã a wɔrehwehwɛ mu no so nkakrankakra, anaasɛ ɛbɛtra baabi biako, na atwa mfonini ahorow a ɛtoatoa so. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛtra hɔ dinn bere tenten wɔ saa bere yi mu. Ɛte sɛ nea worekura wo home mu bere a woretwa mfonini no. Sɛ wotu a, ebia mfonini ahorow no mu nna hɔ, na ebia ebehia sɛ wosan yɛ sɔhwɛ no bio. Enti bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛtra hɔ dinn sɛnea adwumayɛfo no kyerɛ no. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ siw wo home mu kakra.

Ahwehwɛ titiriw a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri no ti mu no fa mframa a ɛnyɛ anifere a efi radioactive tracer a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no mu ba no. Afei wɔyɛ mfonini ahorow wɔ kɔmputa so. Nnuruyɛfo hwehwɛ mfonini ahorow yi mu de hu wo tebea no.

Bere tenten ahe na sɔhwɛ yi gye?

Bere a egye ma eyi no gu ahorow gyina sɔhwɛ ko a woreyɛ so. Mpɛn pii no, egye bɛyɛ simma 30 kosi 60 na wɔde mfoninitwa afiri no ayɛ scan no ara kwa, a bere a egye na wɔde radioactive tracer no ama na wɔatwe no yiye no nka ho.

Nanso, nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi wɔ hɔ, te sɛ nnompe mu nhwehwɛmu, a ebetumi agye nnɔnhwerew abien kosi abiɛsa ansa na radioactive tracer no akɔ nipadua no mu koraa. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, wɔbɛma wo tracer no, wɔbɛma wo ahomegye bere tiaa bi (ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ nom nsu wɔ saa bere yi mu), na afei wɔaka akyerɛ wo sɛ san bra mmra scan no wɔ bere a wɔahyɛ no mu.

Mmere bi wɔ hɔ a ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ `(Nuclear Medicine)` sɔhwɛ ahorow bi wɔ nna pii mu. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, ebia mmerɛ bi wɔ hɔ a wɔma wo `(tracer)` nnɛ, na afei wobɛtumi anya scan baako nnɛ, na scan foforɔ ɔkyena. Wobedi kan abɔ eyinom nyinaa amanneɛ.

Asiane ne mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ eyi so?

Nnipa pii ho popo kakra bere a wɔte asɛmfua ‘radioactive’ no, na ɛno yɛ ade a ɛfata. Nanso sɛnea madi kan aka no, tracers a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu no nyɛ nnuru, na mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ nea ɛde ɔhaw ahorow ba. Afei nso, mframa dodow a wunya bere a woreyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyi no sua koraa, enti enhia sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ nneɛma te sɛ kokoram ho asiane ho.

Nanso, ɛntaa mma koraa, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ ɔha biara mu kakraa bi pɛ mu no, nnipa binom betumi anya akisikuru wɔ `(Radioactive tracer)` no ho. Ɛno kyerɛ biribi te sɛ akisikuru anaa ɛyaw wɔ nipadua no so. Enti, sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo hyew wɔ biribiara ho (te sɛ nnuru, nnuan, mfutuma) a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wudi kan ka ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ne nnipa a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Afei wɔbɛyɛ aso atie.

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ so. Saa `(Nuclear Medicine)` scans yi betumi ama yɛanya nsɛm a ɛho hia paa na ɛyɛ soronko a yentumi nnya mfi sɔhwɛ afoforo mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobetumi de scan te sɛ eyi ahu biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ma oprehyɛn kɛse (`exploratory surgery`), a ɛrempira nipadua no kɛse (`least-invasive`). Ɛne sɛ, eyi boa kɛse ma sɛnea wohu yare no na wɔsa no yiye. Mpɛn pii no, etumi hu nyarewa nso wɔ ne mfiase, mpo wɔ anifere kwan so a nhwehwɛmu afoforo ntumi nnye. Eyi ma wonya hokwan kɛse sɛ wobefi ayaresa ase ntɛm.

Sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ sɔhwɛ no ba awiei a, wubetumi asan akɔ wo dwumadi ahorow a woyɛ daa no so, adi na woanom w’aduan a wotaa yɛ no. Ahomegye soronko biara ho nhia. Ɛtɔ da bi a oduruyɛfoɔ no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ nom nsuo kakra, na aboa ``(tracer)`` no ma wafiri wo nipadua mu ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ ɛnyɛ ɛno a, biribi titiriw biara nni hɔ. Oduruyɛfo no ne wo bɛka ho asɛm bere a woanya wo nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ no.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, yɛaka ``Nuclear Medicine Imaging'' ho asɛm pii seesei. Misusuw sɛ woanya ho ntease pa. Nneɛma atitiriw a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ni:

• Nuklea Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri yiye, ahobammɔ wom, na etu mpɔn a wɔfa so hu nyarewa pii na wɔsa ebinom.
• Eyinom mfa ɔhaw anaa ɛyaw pii mma nipadua no (`least-invasive`). Mframa a ɛbɔ no nso sua koraa.
• Sɛ wo duruyɛfo ka nhwehwɛmu a ɛte sɛɛ ho asɛm kyerɛ wo a, wo ne no nkasa mfa ho. Bisa no nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm biara a ɛhaw wo. Mma nkura biribiara mu.
• Di akwankyerɛ ahorow no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ, titiriw wɔ ahosiesie a wobɛyɛ ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no ho.

"Kae sɛ, ɛnam sɛ aduruyɛ ho nyansahu renya nkɔso nti, nhwehwɛmu a ɛte sɛɛ boa kɛse wɔ yɛn akwahosan ho banbɔ ne nyarewa a yehu ntɛm mu. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ yehu nsɛm a ɛteɛ na yedi aduruyɛ mu afotu akyi a yɛremma ehu a ɛho nhia mma."

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu biribi foforo biara a, hwɛ hu sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Nuklea aduruyɛ, mframa a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu, diagnostics, tracers, gamma cameras, akwahosan, aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu