So na wunim saa nneɛma yi fa w’ahurututu ho? Momma yɛnkasa!

So woasusuw sɛnea ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ yɛhome no ho pɛn? Ɛwom sɛ yɛhome kɛkɛ de, nanso asɛm kɛse bi wɔ akyi. Eyi fi akwaa bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛno ne yɛn ahurututu. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka yɛn adamfo a wɔfrɛ no ahurututu no ho asɛm ? Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔyɛ adwuma, nyarewa bɛn na obetumi anya, na ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ no? Momma yɛmfa nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den nkasa.

W’ahurututu te dɛn?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, w’ahurututu ne akwaa atitiriw abien a ɛboa wo ma wohome. Wɔyɛ wo home nhyehyɛe no fã a ɛho hia yiye. Ɔhome nhyehyɛe no yɛ akwaa ahorow a ɛka bom wɔ adeyɛ a ɛma yɛgye mframa, yi nneɛma a yehia fi mu, na yeyi nneɛma a yenhia no fi hɔ no nyinaa ano.

Wowɔ ahurututu abien , biako wɔ wo moma so nifa na biako nso wɔ benkum. Wo koko ne baabi a ɛda wo kɔn ne wo yafunu ntam. Wɔde ade a ɛbɔ ahurututu abien no nyinaa ho ban a wɔfrɛ no pleural tissue akata so . Ɛte sɛ nhoma bi a ɛwɔ anim.

Nifa ahurututu ne benkum ahurututu - te sɛ anuanom baanu!

Ɛwom sɛ saa ahurututu abien yi te sɛ nea ɛne ne ho di nsɛ kakra de, nanso nsonsonoe nketenkete bi wɔ mu.

• Nifa ahurututu: Wɔakyekyɛ mu abiɛsa. Yɛfrɛ wɔn soro fã `(Superior lobe)`, mfinimfini fã `(Middle lobe)`, ne ase fã `(Inferior lobe)`. Ɛyɛ tiaa kakra sen benkum ahurututu, nanso ɛtrɛw.
• Benkum ahurututu: Ɛwɔ ntini abien. Wɔn ne soro fã `(Superior lobe)` ne ase fã `(Inferior lobe)`. Wususuw sɛ dɛn nti na benkum so de no sua? Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛma wo koma nya baabi. Koma no wɔ benkum so. Ɛno nti na benkum ahurututu no wɔ notch kakra `(Cardiac notch)` a ɛbɛma koma no anya baabi. Afei nso, benkum ahurututu no wɔ ntrɛwmu kakra wɔ soro a wɔfrɛ no `(Lingula)` , a nifa ahurututu no nni.

Ɔsom bɛn na ahurututu no de ma yɛn?

Ahurututu no dwumadi titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛma yɛn nipadua no anya mframa pa a ehia na ɛpam carbon dioxide a enhia no. Eyi si bɛyɛ mpɛn 12 kosi 20 simma biara, bere mpo a yegyina hɔ ara kwa no. Fa no sɛ, adwuma yi nnyae bere a yɛada mpo!

Akwantuo a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛfa ahomegye ho

Sɛ wofa wo hwene anaa w’ano home a, mframa no di kan kɔ wo menewa akyi, hwene mu. Afei ɛfa ahurututu (yɛn nne adaka) no mu na ɛkɔ ahurututu mu (mframa kwan).

Saa mframa afiri yi mu paapae yɛ mmienu, te sɛ nkyerɛwde Y. Wɔfrɛ wɔn ahurututu mu ntini atitiriw. Tube biako kɔ ahurututu benkum mu, na biako nso kɔ ahurututu nifa mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ mframa kwan yi bue bere nyinaa, na ɛho ntew anaasɛ nsu a ɛyɛ nwini biara nni mu. Ɛno ansa na ahurututu no betumi ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Afei mframa kwan atitiriw yi mu paapae yɛ no nsukorade nketewa. Wɔfrɛ eyinom ahurututu mu ntini. Eyinom mu kyekyɛ kɔ so yɛ nkorabata nketewa, a wɔfrɛ no bronchioles . Saa ahurututu yi ba awiei wɔ mframa kotoku nketenkete a ɛte sɛ bobe akuwakuw mu. Wɔfrɛ eyinom alveoli .

Oxygen a ɛkɔ mu, carbon dioxide fi mu!

Ɛyɛ saa ntini ahorow yi mu na nsakrae a ɛyɛ nwonwa ba. Oxygen a ɛwɔ mframa a yɛhome no mu no fa saa ntini ahorow yi mu kɔ mogya no mu. Afei mogya a oxygen pii wom no kɔ koma no mu, na ɛhɔ na wɔde fa nipadua no mu nyinaa. Eyi ne ɔkwan a nkwammoaa biara nya oxygen.

Sɛ nkwammoaa de mframa pa yi di dwuma de yɛ adwuma a, carbon dioxide na ɛba sɛ ade a wɔsɛe no. Afei wɔsan de saa carbon dioxide no kɔ mogya no mu na wɔde kɔ ahurututu no mu. Sɛ yɛtwe mframa, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ yɛhome a, mframa bɔne yi fi nipadua no mu.

Ahurututu mu ahwɛfo

Yɛn home nhyehyɛe no ye paa sɛ ɛbɛma nneɛma a epira nipadua no ankɔ ahurututu mu.

• Nwi a ɛwɔ hwene mu : Eyinom yɛ adwuma te sɛ nneɛma a wɔde yi mframa mu a ɛho tew. Wɔkyere mfutuma akɛse ne nkoekoemmoa, ne nea ɛkeka ho, wɔ hwene no mu pɛɛ.
• Nsuo: Saa nsuo yi ma mframa kwan no kɔ so yɛ nwini. Ɛkyere mfutuma ne mmoawa nso .
• Cilia : Eyinom te sɛ mpopaho. Wɔboa ma wɔpia nsuo no kɔ soro na wɔboa ma wɔpam no. Ade biako nti a sigaretnom yɛ asiane kɛse ne sɛ saa cilia yi ntumi nyɛ adwuma bio. Eyi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya ahurututu mu yare no yɛ kɛse.

Ahurututu ho nokwasɛm ahorow bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa!

Afei, hwɛ nokwasɛm ahorow yi. Ebia wontee eyinom da.

• Wubetumi atra ase a wɔayi w’ahurututu no fã bi afi hɔ. So ɛno nyɛ nwonwa? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wubetumi de ahurututu biako pɛ atra ase.
• Ahurututu nkutoo ne akwaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛsensɛn nsu mu bere a wɔde ahyɛ nsu mu no!
• Sɛ woteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu a, wubetumi ama w’ahurututu mu ahoɔden a ɛyɛ mframa dodow a wubetumi ahome no ayɛ kɛse.
• Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ ɔpepem 300 kosi 500 na ɛwɔ ɔpanyin bi ahurututu mu! Ɛyɛ nea wontumi nnye nni, ɛnte saa?

Ɛhe na w’ahurututu wɔ? Wɔte sɛn?

W’ahurututu no wɔ ahurututu no mu. Wɔde wɔn ho to ntini kɛse bi a wɔfrɛ no diaphragm so .

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu a ɛte apɔw no yɛ kɔla a ɛyɛ pink-akuturuku. Ebia woahu wɔn a wɔnom sigaret ne wɔn a wɔnnom sigaret nyinaa ahurututu ho mfonini. Ahurututu a sigaretnom sɛe no yɛ kɔla a ɛyɛ fitaa tuntum, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛwɔ nsensanee tuntum. Ahurututu no yɛ ahinanan, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔka ho asɛm sɛ ɛte sɛ asono aso.

Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɔpanyin ahurututu mu duru bɛyɛ kilogram biako. Ne tenten bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 9 bere a ɔrehome sɛnea ɛsɛ no, na ɛtrɛw kɔ bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 10.5 bere a ɔrehome kɔ akyiri no.

Nyarewa bɛn na ebetumi aka yɛn ahurututu?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, yɛn ahurututu nso tumi nya nyarewa ahorow . Ebinom yɛ nketewa na wɔn ho tɔ wɔn ntɛmntɛm. Nanso ebinom yɛ aniberesɛm kɛse na etumi tra hɔ kyɛ. Nyarewa a ɛtaa ba no bi ni:

• Asbestosis: Ahurututu ne ahurututu mu ntini a ɛyɛ akuru a efi asbestos nhama a wɔhome mu ba.
• Akisikuru: Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den esiane mframa kwan a ɛyɛ teateaa nti.
• Bronchiectasis: Ahurututu mu ntini a ɛho ahonhon, na ɛma ɔfe a ɛyɛ flegmy na ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome.
• Bronchitis: Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne ɔfe. Eyi betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den, a ɛba mpofirim na ɛyɛ yiye, anaasɛ nea enni sabea, a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ.
• COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): Ɔhome mu yare a ɛkɔ so nya nkɔso a wontumi nsakra.
• Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`: Saa ɔyare mmoawa yi tumi de ɔhome mu yareɛ a emu nyɛ den kɔsi nea emu yɛ den aba.
• Croup: Ɔhome mu yare a ɛka mmofra nkumaa a wonnii mfe 5.
• Cystic Fibrosis: Awosu mu yare a ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ nnam na ɛyɛ den boaboa ano wɔ ahurututu ne akwaa afoforo mu.
• Influenza: Ahurututu mu yare a mmoawa bi de ba.
• Ahurututu mu Kokoram: Sigaretnom ne ade kɛse a ɛde eyi ba.
• Mesothelioma: Eyi nso yɛ kokoram bi. Asbestos nhama a wɔhome titiriw na ɛde ba.
• Ahurututu mu yare: Ahurututu mu yare. Ebetumi ama nsu ahyɛ ahurututu no ma na ebia ebehia sɛ wɔde no kɔ ayaresabea.
• Pulmonary Fibrosis: Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome esiane akuru a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu nti. Wɔrentumi nsa eyi.
• Pulmonary Nodules: Akuru a ɛba ahurututu mu. Mpɛn pii no, eyinom nyɛ kokoram (benign).
• RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): Ɔhome mu yare a ebetumi aka mmofra nkumaa ne mpanyimfo nyinaa.
• Nsamanwaw: Eyi ka ahurututu titiriw, nanso ebetumi aka nipadua no afã afoforo nso.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Woyɛ dɛn hu no?

Ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ:

• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den: Sɛ ɔbɔ mmɔden kakra mpo a, ɔte nka sɛ ɔhome yɛ den.
• Koko mu yaw: Koko mu yaw bere a ɔrehome anaa ɔrefefe.
• Ɔfe: Titiriw ɔfe a ɛkɔ so, ɔfe a ɛde mogya ba a nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ wom.
• Ɔbrɛ: Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka ara kwa.
• Wheezing: Nnyigyei a ɛyɛ abɛn a ne koko yɛ bere a ɔrehome.
• Asen ne anan a ɛho ahonhon.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛ ahurututu no te apɔw anaa?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɔbɛhwɛ wo na wahu nneɛma bi.

Sɛnea oduruyɛfo no hwehwɛ wo mu

• Wɔde afiri a wɔde tie asɛm tie ahurututu no de hwɛ sɛ nnyigyei biara a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so, te sɛ ``Crackles/Rales'' (nnyigyei nketewa a ɛrepue), ``Wheezing'' (nnyigyei a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ hu), ne ``Stridor'' (nnyigyei a ɛkɔ soro a wɔde home).
• Ɔhome ahorow no kan mpɛn dodow a wohome wɔ simma biako mu.
• Wɔbɛtie w’ahurututu na wɔahwɛ sɛ nsakrae bi aba wo nne mu anaa.
• Pulse oximeter yɛ afiri ketewaa bi a wɔde bata nsateaa ho na ɛkyerɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu.

Wɔ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu yi akyi no, oduruyɛfo no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo.

Mfonini a wobɛtwa de ahwɛ mu - Imaging Tests

Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ma oduruyɛfo no hu sɛnea tebea no te wɔ ahurututu no mu.

• Koko so X-ray a wɔyɛ
• CT scan `(Kɔmputa so Tomography scan)`
• Ultrasound a wɔde yɛ nneɛma
• MRI scan `(Magnetic Resonance Imaging nhwehwɛmu)`

Pulmonary Function Tests (Nsɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ahurututu no reyɛ adwuma yiye) .

Wɔsan frɛ eyinom ahurututu mu dwumadi ho sɔhwɛ ahorow. Wɔhwɛ sɛnea w’ahurututu tumi home yiye na ɛkura mframa mu.

• Spirometry a wɔde susuw nneɛma ho
• Nipadua mu Plethysmography a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma
• Diffusion Sɔhwɛ a Wɔyɛ
• Nitric Oxide a Wɔhome a Wɔyɛ Ho Sɔhwɛ
• Ahurututu mu Nneden Ho Sɔhwɛ
• Methacholine a Wɔhome Sɔhwɛ
• Simma Nsia Nantew Sɔhwɛ

Ebia nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi nso wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde mfoninitwa afiri hyɛ ahurututu no mu de hwɛ mu (Bronchoscopy), wɔfa ntini bi na wɔhwehwɛ mu (Lung Biopsy), anaasɛ wɔyɛ ahurututu no mu twa.Ebia ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu/ayaresa a ɛfa wo koko a wobue ho, te sɛ wo koko x-ray. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa ahurututu mu nyarewa?

Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a, w’ayaresa no begyina tebea ko a wowɔ ne w’akwahosan nyinaa so. Ebia ayaresa a wobetumi apaw bi ne nnuru, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, nnwinnade titiriw, ne oprehyɛn.

Nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnuru

Wobetumi de eyinom ama sɛ aduru a wɔde home, sɛ nsu a wɔde hyɛ nebulizer, sɛ nnuru a wɔde ano nom, anaasɛ sɛ nnuru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua mu.

• Steroid brɛ mframa kwan no mu ahonhon ase.
• Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa ɔyare mmoawa.
• Bronchodilators a ɛma mframa kwan no trɛw. Eyinom ba wɔ akwan tiawa ne nea ɛyɛ bere tenten mu.
• Mucolytics boa ma nsu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ mmerɛw na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛfefe.
• Fa Oxygen Therapy ma oxygen dodow nkɔ anim .
• Fa nnuru ne/anaasɛ mframa a wɔde sa kokoram sa kokoram .
• Vaccines a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban fi nyarewa ho.

Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ne nneɛma a wɔde boa

• Akwan titiriw a wɔfa so home, sɛ nhwɛso no (Pursed Lip Breathing) ne (Diaphragmatic Breathing) .
• Airway Clearance Devices , te sɛ Vest Therapy, boa ma nsu a ɛyɛ nwini fi mframa kwan no mu.

Sɛɛgyiri

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, oprehyɛn ho hia.

• Ahurututu bi fã bi a woyi fi hɔ (Lobectomy) .
• Ahurututu mu ntini abien a woyi fi hɔ (Bilobectomy) .
• Thoracentesis yɛ adeyɛ a wɔde yi nsu fi ahurututu mu.
• Ahurututu biako a woyi fi hɔ koraa (Pneumonectomy) .
• Ahurututu a Wɔde Si Ahurututu Mu .

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ na ama yɛn ahurututu atra apɔw? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Okay, enti eyi ne ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ na ama yɛn ahurututu ayɛ yiye, anaasɛ sɛ yɛwɔ bi a, yɛadi ahurututu mu yare ho dwuma.

• Ade a edi kan na ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom sɛ woyɛ saa a. Saa ara na ɛte wɔ vaping ho. Eyi ne akyɛde kɛse a wubetumi de ama w’ahurututu.
• Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkɔ so ayɛ wo mu duru a ɛfata. Nnipa a wɔn mu duru boro so no ntaa nnya ahurututu mu haw.
• Yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa. Nanso kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ansa na woafi apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ biara ase.
• Di nnuan a ahoɔden wom, wɔ dodow a ɛfata mu.
• Nom nsu pii (gye sɛ wo duruyɛfo no asiw nsu a wobɛnom ano).
• Nya nnuru a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban a oduruyɛfo no akyerɛw ama wo no wɔ bere ano.Sɛ nhwɛso no, influenza vaccine, ahurututu mu yare ho vaccine.
• Hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii na hohoro wo ho yiye. Eyi betumi aboa ma woabɔ wo ho ban afi nyarewa ho.
• Twe wo ho fi nnipa a wɔyare ho sɛnea wubetumi biara.

Kae sɛ, ɛwom sɛ yɛn home nhyehyɛe no wɔ akwan a ɛbɛbɔ yɛn ho ban de, nanso yɛn ahurututu betumi ayare. Ebinom ho tɔ wɔn ntɛmntɛm. Nanso ebinom yɛ aniberesɛm na ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a, wo duruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo nyinaa so de wo bɛkɔ ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn . Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubedi akwankyerɛ a w’aduruyɛfo kuw no de ama no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Afei wubetumi ahome ntɛm sɛnea wubetumi.

` Ahurututu, Ɔhome Nhyehyɛe, Ɔhome, Oxygen, Ahurututu mu Yare, Ahurututu a Ɛwɔ Apɔwmuden, Ahurututu