So wubetumi nso anya n’adwene bio bere a woreyɛ oprehyɛn no? (Anesthesia Awareness) Momma yɛnka ho asɛm!

Ɛtɔ da bi a, yɛte ehu nka kakra ansa na yɛakɔ oprehyɛn bi mu, kyerɛ sɛ, yɛbɛyɛ oprehyɛn, ɛnte saa? Ehu kɛse biako a ebinom suro ne sɛ, "Na sɛ mesan nya m'adwene mpofirim bere a mewɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu nso ɛ?" Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ ade a ɛntaa nsi ankasa de, nanso ɛho hia yiye sɛ me ne wo hu eyi. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ.

Dɛn ne Anesthesia Awareness?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Anesthesia Awareness yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma obi ntumi nhu hwee koraa bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa ase , na afei obi san n’adwene bio bere tiaa bi. Nanso eyi ne ‘ɔsɔre’ kɛkɛ nyɛ ade koro. Ɛyɛ osuahu soronko kakra. Ebetumi ate nka sɛ ɛsono nnipa ahorow. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so:

• Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea wubetumi ate nnyigyei a nnipa a wɔrekasa atwa wo ho ahyia ne nnwinnade a ɛwɔ oprehyɛn dan mu no nnyigyei.
• Ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea worehu dae, te sɛ nea wowɔ dae wiase bi mu.
• Ebia wobɛsɔre mpofirim na woahu sɛ wuntumi nkeka wo ho anaasɛ wuntumi nkasa. Eyi betumi ayɛ osuahu a ɛyɛ hu.
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nipadua no te nhyɛso nka, na ɛntaa nsi koraa sɛ, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛte ɛyaw nka.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ saa tebea a ɛne `(Anesthesia Awareness)` yi ba wɔ oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ wɔ `(General Anesthesia)` ase nkutoo mu. Eyi nsi wɔ akwan foforo a wɔfa so de aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ mu, kyerɛ sɛ, `(Local Anesthesia)` a ɛma wo nsa ne wo nan yɛ mmerɛw, `(IV Sedation)` a ɛma wote nka sɛ woabow kakra, anaa `(Twilight Sleep)` akwan. Efisɛ, `(General Anesthesia)` ne bere a nneɛma a ɛkɔ so ara kwa wɔ wo nipadua mu te sɛ ahome mpo, mfiri na ɛhwɛ so. Wɔ akwan foforo so no, wowɔ nhumu pɔtee bi, w’ankasa wubetumi ahome, na sɛ ɛho hia mpo a wubetumi ne nnuruyɛfo kuw no akasa.

Eyi betumi aba akodu he?

Afei ebia woredwene sɛ, "Wow, so eyi to nnipa pii?" Dabi, ɛnte saa koraa. Nokwarem no, aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ a ɛte sɛɛ no ​​ho yɛ na yiye. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode akontaabu pɔtee bɛma. Efisɛ ebia nnipa binom renkae nea esii no pɛpɛɛpɛ kosi sɛ wɔyɛɛ oprehyɛn no akyi dapɛn biako anaa abien. Ebia afoforo nso benya saa osuahu yi ntɛm ara, nanso ebia wɔrenka ho asɛm nkyerɛ wɔn nnuruyɛfo.

Nanso sɛnea nhwehwɛmu pii kyerɛ no, osuahu a ɛte sɛɛ ba wɔ oprehyɛn 1,000 biara mu 1 anaa 2 pɛ mu (ennu 0.2%) . Enti wunya adwene no, ɛnte saa? Ɛyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi koraa ankasa.

Dɛn nti na eyi rekɔ so? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Wɔahu sɛ nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa nti na ebia saa aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ yi ba:

1. Nnuru a wɔmfa mma sɛnea ɛsɛ:Eyi ne bere a oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ no mfa nnuru a ɛma obi dwensɔ a ɛdɔɔso mma no. Eyi taa ba bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn a egye ntɛmpɛ no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a wɔreyɛ koma oprehyɛn a egye ntɛmpɛ, cesarean sections , anaa oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm wɔ akwanhyia a emu yɛ den akyi. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ebia bere a wɔde bɛhwɛ sɛnea nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no te no sua, efisɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wogye ɔyarefo no nkwa.

2. Ahorow a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nnuru a ɛma obi dwensɔ: Eyi ne bere a oduruyɛfo a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ kyerɛw nnuru dodow a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ, nanso ɛsono dodow a onipa no hia. Ɛnyɛ obiara nipadua na ɛyɛ pɛ. Eyi taa ba nnipa a wɔn ho yeraw wɔn kɛse ( wosuro kɛse ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn no), wɔn a wɔwɔ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ho haw, ne wɔn a wɔadi kan anya aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ.

3. Afiri a wɔde ma akisikuru no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye: Eyi betumi asi sɛ mfiri a wɔde kum nipadua no a ɛwɔ oprehyɛn dan no mu no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, anaasɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfo no anhwɛ nnwinnade no mu yiye ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn no a. Nanso, eyi nso yɛ ade a ɛntaa nsi koraa , efisɛ ayaresabea ahorow hwɛ yiye kɛse wɔ saa nnwinnade yi a wɔhwɛ so no mu.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane mu kɛse?

Ɛwom sɛ mpɛn pii no asiane yi sua ma obiara de, nanso ebia nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu kakra sɛ wobenya aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ. Eyi fi nneɛma te sɛ:

• Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret a .
• Sɛ wowɔ ayaresa tebea a enni sabea bɛboro biako (ayaresa tebea horow pii) (e.g. asikreyare, mogya mmoroso).
• Sɛ wowɔ ɔhome mu haw a (e.g. ɔhome mu nyarewa te sɛ ayamtu, ahurututu mu yare).
• Sɛ wowɔ abakɔsɛm a ɛfa nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ho haw (SUD) ho ansa na .

Afei nso, asiane yi betumi ayɛ kɛse kakra asen afoforo wɔ oprehyɛn titiriw bi a ɛnyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho sɛ wɔde nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa bedi dwuma no mu. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Oprehyɛn a wɔde twa oprehyɛn (C-sections): Wɔde ahwɛyiye hwɛ sɛnea wɔde aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no te no so na ama ɛna no ne akokoaa no nyinaa anya ahobammɔ.
• Koma mu oprehyɛn: Eyinom yɛ oprehyɛn a emu yɛ den.
• Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ no ntɛm de sa ahodwiriw anaa mogya a wɔhwere: Eyi te saa efisɛ ɔyarefo no nkwa a wobegye ne ade titiriw wɔ ha.

So wote ɛyaw nka bere a worehu aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no?

Eyi ne asɛmmisa a nnipa pii suro. Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ ɛntaa nsi koraa sɛ wobɛte ɛyaw nka bere a wɔrehu aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no.Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ eyi nyɛ nea entumi nyɛ yiye. Bere a nnipa pii kae nneɛma te sɛ nnyigyei a wɔte a atwa wɔn ho ahyia ne nkɔmmɔbɔ a wɔte no, ebia ebinom bɛkae menewa a ɛyɛ yaw a efi afiri a wɔde fa nsu mu no mu anaasɛ baabi a ɛyɛ yaw a wɔatwa esiane oprehyɛn nti.

So eyi betumi anya nkɛntɛnso a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ?

Ɛnyɛ obiara a obenya aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ na obenya nkɛntɛnso a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Nanso, wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ osuahu no yɛ hu yiye a, nnipa binom betumi anya adwene mu tebea horow yi:

• Brɛ
• Hahaahayɔ
• Dae mu haw te sɛ dae bɔne a wɔtaa da (Dightmare disorder) .
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) : Eyi yɛ adwene mu tebea a ɛba bere a asɛm bi a emu yɛ den asi akyi.

Ebia nnipa a wɔwɔ saa nsɛnnennen yi bɛte nka sɛ wontumi nyɛ hwee. Ne saa nti, ebia wɔbɛkwati ayaresa a wɔbɛkɔ akɔhwɛ mpo. Eyi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya akwahosan ho haw afoforo no yɛ kɛse. Sɛ woanya saa osuahu yi pɛn a, mmoa a wobɛhwehwɛ afi adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo anaa adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo hɔ no betumi ama woanya ahotɔ kɛse na ama w’asetra atu mpɔn.

So nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu eyi? Bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no?

Bere a nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ wɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ, anaasɛ wɔama wo aduru a ɛma wo ho dwo wo , ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na wobetumi ahu no yiye sɛ ebia w’adwene mu da hɔ koraa, anaasɛ wunnim hwee .

Anesthesiologists bɛkɔ so ahwɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛho hia – te sɛ mogya mmoroso , home rate , ne pupil size – de ahu wo sedation dodow. Nanso nhumu a wobesusuw no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra. Esiane sɛ nnuru a wɔde yɛ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa ka wo autonomic nervous system (a ɛhwɛ biribiara a ɛkɔ so wɔ wo nipadua mu so) nti, worentumi nkɔ baabiara anaasɛ worentumi nkasa. Enti, ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛsusuw nhumu te sɛ nea wobɛsusuw sɛnea aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no te no.

Nanso, ɛdenam mfiridwuma a ɛkɔ anim so no, mfiri titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi asusuw anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no na aboa ma woanya w’adwene mu nsusuwii.

Nea edi kan no, ebia wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ w’amemene no electroencephalogram (EEG) . Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wɔde nneɛma nketenkete a ɛma wohu nneɛma gu wo ti honam ani.Wɔde dodow bi abata ho. Saa nneɛma a ɛma wohu nneɛma yi nya anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne fi w’amemene mu. Wɔde saa (EEG) aba yi ka akwan foforɔ a wɔfa so hwɛ nneɛma so de si gyinaeɛ. Akwan yi bi ne:

• Bispectral IndexTM monitoring (BIS): Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ eyi yɛ nnwinnade a wotumi de ho to so sen biara a wɔde susuw sɛnea wɔama wo aduru a ɛma wo ho dwo wo yiye no mu biako. Ɛkyerɛw wo EEG akenkan na ɛma wunya nɔma a ɛwɔ zero kosi 100. Dodow a dodow no sua no, dodow no ara na aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu dɔ . Botae a ɛwɔ nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu nyinaa ne sɛ wɔbɛma dodow yi akɔ so ayɛ 40 kosi 60.
• Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP) monitor: Saa afiri yi kyerɛw anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi a ɛwɔ w’amemene ntini ne w’amemene mu ntini mu no na ɛhwehwɛ mu . Oduruyɛfo no de afiri a wɔde bɔ asom hyɛ w'aso mu na ɔbɔ nnyigyei ahorow bi . Afei afiri no hwehwɛ sɛnea w’amemene no yɛ n’ade mu na ɛma wunya nɔma bi fi zero kosi ɔha. Ɛha nso, dodow a dodow no sua no, dodow no ara na aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu dɔ.
• Narcotrend®: Te sɛ BIS no, Narcotrend de wo EEG aba no di dwuma de bu sɛnea aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu dɔ no ho akontaa. Ɛde nkyerɛwde asia (A kosi F) ne akontaahyɛde (zero kosi ɔha) nsenia na ɛkyerɛ nea efi mu ba no. Nea efi mu ba no betumi afi "nyane" so akosi "anyinam kommyɛ" (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ amemene no dwumadi kakraa bi pɛ).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu eyi wɔ oprehyɛn akyi?

Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so ahu sɛ ebia woanya osuahu a ɛfa aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho ne sɛ wo duruyɛfo bebisa wo nsɛm afa ho bere a wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn no awie no. Ɔkwan a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a wɔfa so yɛ eyi ne Brice Nsɛmbisa . Ebisa nsɛm ntiantiaa kakraa bi te sɛ eyinom:

• "Dɛn ne ade a etwa to a wokae ansa na oprehyɛn no refi ase?"
• "Dɛn ne ade a edi kan a wokae wɔ oprehyɛn no akyi?"
• "Wokae biribi wɔ oprehyɛn no mu?"
• "So wosoo dae bi wɔ oprehyɛn no mu?"

Nnuruyɛfo betumi agyina nsɛmmisa yi ho mmuae a wode bɛma so anya adwene bi.

So biribi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de asiw nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ ano?

Yiw, sɛ wohaw wo wɔ Anesthesia Awareness yi ho a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo anesthesia hwɛfo bɛkasa afa ho. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ nneɛma a wubetumi atu na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ eyi bɛba no so atew mu akyerɛ wo. Nneɛma bi nso wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ:

• Nnuru a wonom nyinaa (nea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo ne nea wotɔ fi nnurutɔnbea no nyinaa), nnuru a wɔde ka hoKa nnuru biara a wɔde ka aduan ho (te sɛ vitamin, Ayurvedic nnuru) ho asɛm kyerɛ oduruyɛfo no.
• Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm a edi mũ (nyarewa a atwam, oprehyɛn, akisikuru, ne nea ɛkeka ho) ho kɔ akyiri.
• Bisa wɔn nsɛmmisa anaa adwenem naayɛ biara a wowɔ. Mma w’ani nnye ho.
• Nea ɛho hia sen biara: Sɛ woanya aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ pɛn a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
• Kwati asiane ahorow a wonim ( s.e. sigaretnom) sɛnea wubetumi biara.

Kae sɛ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ nyɛ biribi a woayɛ bɔne. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛba, na abenfo da so ara reyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ nea enti a ɛte saa no ho.

Na sɛ mewɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ nso ɛ?

Fa no sɛ woanya osuahu a ɛte saa. Sɛ wuhu ho asɛm ara pɛ a, ka ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo (akwahosan ho ɔyarehwɛfo) anaa ɔyarehwɛfo. Ka nsɛm a wokae nyinaa kyerɛ wɔn (nea wotee, nea wotee nka). Afei oduruyɛfo no betumi akyerɛw asɛm a esii no agu w’aduruyɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ mu, na sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wosan ma wo aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ daakye a, hwɛ yiye titiriw na yɛ nneɛma bi na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛte ase no so atew.

Dɛn ne wɔn a wɔanya aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ no daakye?

Egyina tebea horow ne sɛnea nea efi mu ba no mu yɛ den so ankasa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia obi a ɔkae asɛm bi fã bi bere a wɔreyɛ no oprehyɛn no rennya ɔhaw biara a ɛde ɔhaw ba. Nanso, obi a ɔte ɛyaw nka anaasɛ onim nneɛma a atwa ne ho ahyia no yiye betumi anya adwene mu nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den kɛse a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ .

Nanso, ayarefo dodow no ara a wɔanya aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ no betumi anya aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no bio dwoodwoo daakye. Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛsan asi bio no sua koraa. Nnuruyɛfo yɛ ahwɛyiye kɛse efisɛ wonim osuahu a atwam no ho asɛm.

Sɛ woahyia biribi a ɛte sɛɛ a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee mfa sɛnea ɛreka wo da biara da asetra ho. Wobetumi de wo akɔma adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo anaa adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo , a obetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia na ɔde afotu ne ayaresa a ɛfata ama wo.

Adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛsɔre bere a wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn no yɛ hu araa ma wɔayɛ sini ahorow pii mpo afa ho. Ɛwom sɛ nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho nimdeɛ yɛ ade a ɛntaa nsi de, nanso suro a wosuro wɔ ho no abu so wɔ nnipa pii mu, na ɛyɛ biribi a ɛwɔ yɛn adwene mu. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wobu adwene mu nkɛntɛnso a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ɛde ba no adewa. Na, ɛnyɛ adwene pa nso sɛ wobɛkwati sɛ wobɛyɛ oprehyɛn a wuhia no esiane saa ehu no nti. Nnuruyɛfo a wɔde nnuru a ɛma obi dwensɔ di dwuma de nnwinnade a ɛkɔ akyiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma so di dwuma na amma eyi ansi.na. Afei nso, nyansahufo kɔ so reyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ nea enti a eyi to nnipa binom na ɛnyɛ afoforo so. Se woanya saa osuahu yi - anaase woredwen se ebia ebeto wo a - wo ne wo aduru a wode dwene wo ho no nkasa. Ebia wobetumi ama w’adwene adwo.

Nneɛma bɛn na ɛho hia paa a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛde kɔ fie fi saa asɛm yi mu?

Okay, enti nneɛma bi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu ni:

• Anesthesia Awareness yɛ ade a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Nsuro no a ɛho nhia.
• Ansa na wobɛyɛ wo oprehyɛn , hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo oduruyɛfo a ɔma aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ no bɛka w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm nyinaa, nnuru a wonom, ne ehu anaa dadwen biara a ebia wowɔ ho asɛm.
• Sɛ woanya saa osuahu yi pɛn a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ka kyerɛ me. Mfa nsie.
• Bere a wɔde aduru a wɔde kum wo no, nnuruyɛfo de nnwinnade soronko di dwuma de hwɛ wo tebea no so.
• Sɛ woanya osuahu bi a ɛte sɛɛ da, na ɛka adwene mu nkɛntɛnso a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ adwenemyare ho afotu. Ɛbɛboa wo paa.
• Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubenya ayaresa anaa oprehyɛn a wuhia no esiane ehu yi nti. W’aduruyɛfo kuw no dwen w’ahobammɔ ho kɛse.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi ho bɛba wo mfaso. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Anesthesia, anesthesia awareness, oprehyɛn, oprehyɛn, ahotɔ, oprehyɛn, anesthesiologist