So wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa no adi sɛ wo srade a ɛwɔ wo mu no dɔɔso kakra? Anaasɛ wohaw wo ho kakra esiane sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ srade a ɛwɔ mogya mu nti? Yɛn mu pii suro ankasa bere a yɛte asɛmfua ‘cholesterol’ no. Nanso sɛ yɛte ase yiye na yɛhwɛ so yiye a, ɛyɛ biribi a yebetumi adi so. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wohu eyi efisɛ ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya nyarewa a emu yɛ den te sɛ komayare ne akisikuru no yɛ kɛse. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka sɛnea wobedi saa srade yi so ho asɛm.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn apaw ɔkwan a wɔfa so sa yare a ɛfata wo?
Cholesterol nyɛ pɛ mma obiara, enti ayaresa nyɛ pɛ mma obiara. Wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfa wo pɔtee ho a egyina nneɛma pii so, a nea ɛka ho ne:
- Cholesterol dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu ho amanneɛbɔ: Sɛnea wo mogya mu srade dɔɔso.
- Mfe a woadi ne abusua abakɔsɛm: Mfe a woadi, sɛ́ ebia obiara wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ srade a ɛdɔɔso anaa komayare no.
- Ayaresa mu tebea afoforo a ɛwɔ hɔ mprempren: So wowɔ nyarewa te sɛ asikreyare, mogya mmoroso, anaasɛ wo mu duru boro so?
- Nea wopɛ: Nnipa binom ani gye ho sɛ wobedi wɔn aduan so, bere a afoforo nso pɛ sɛ wɔnom aduru bi da biara da. W’ankasa nea wopɛ nso ho hia wɔ ha.
- Komayare ho asiane: Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya komayare, komayare, anaa akisikuru wɔ mfe 10 a edi hɔ no mu.
- Komayare a woadi kan anya: Sɛ wowɔ komayare dedaw anaasɛ woadi kan anya komayare anaa akisikuru a.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, srade a ɛwɔ nipadua mu a wɔbɛsa no te sɛ nea wɔrepam atade. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no ma ɛne obiara susudua hyia.
So yebesua srade ahorow yi ne dodow a ɛma apɔwmuden yi ho ade?
Wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔfrɛ no "lipid profile." Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ebetumi asusuw srade ahorow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu ne ne dodow pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔde sɔhwɛ yi nso di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea w’ayaresa no tu mpɔn.
Sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden srade dodow yɛ ni:
| Cholesterol a ɛwɔ nipadua mu no su | Akwahosan dodow (wɔ mg/dL mu) . |
|---|---|
| Cholesterol a Ɛyɛ Nyinaa | Sɛ wunnii mfe 19 a, ɛsɛ sɛ wunnu mfe 170. Wɔ ɔpanyin fam no, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ 125-200 ntam. |
| LDL srade (srade bɔne) . | Sɛ wunnii mfe 19 a, ɛsɛ sɛ ennu 110. Wɔ ɔpanyin fam no, ɛsɛ sɛ ennu 100. |
| HDL srade (srade pa) . | Ɛsɛ sɛ mmarima boro mfe 40. Ɛsɛ sɛ mmea boro mfe 50. |
| Nnuru a wɔfrɛ no triglycerides | Ɛsɛ sɛ mpanyimfo nyinaa nnu mfe 150. |
Nanso kae sɛ, sɛ wowɔ ayaresa mu tebea afoforo a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo botae a ɛba fam. Nhwɛsoɔ:
- Sɛ wunni komayare na asiane nnim a, ebia wo LDL botae no nnu 100 mg/dL .
- Sɛ wowɔ komayare anaa asikreyare a, ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo LDL botae no nnu 70 mg/dL .
Anamɔn a edi kan: Sesa w’asetra kwan
Mpɛn pii no, wo duruyɛfo no remma wo nnuru kɛkɛ. Ade a edi kan a wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo ne sɛ wobɛyɛ nsakrae a ɛbɛma woanya koma pa. Sɛ wo srade dodow yɛ hye so ara kwa a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae ahorow yi. Sɛ saa nneɛma yi boa ma wo srade a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so a, ebia ɛho renhia sɛ wonom nnuru koraa.
Sɛ wonom nnuru mpo a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛtoa saa suban yi so. Afei wubetumi atew aduru no dodow so.
Dɛn ne asetra mu nsakrae ahorow yi?
- Aduan a ɛma koma nya ahoɔden: Tew nnuan a srade pii wom so . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛtew nam kɔkɔɔ (nantwinam, mprako nam), nufusu a srade wom, ne nnuan a srade wom so. Mmom no, di nnuan a omega-3 srade ne fiber a ɛtumi nwura mu pii wom. Fa mpataa, oats, nnuaba, nhabannuru, ne nnuaba ka w’aduan ho. Twe wo ho fi nnuan a wɔakyekyere ne nneɛma a wɔato a asikre ne trans srade pii wom ho .
- Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Anyɛ yiye koraa no nnafua 5 dapɛn biara, pɛnkoro da biaraFa wo ho hyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ te sɛ nantew a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm, mmirikatu, anaa asuguare mu anyɛ yiye koraa no simma 30.
- Kwati sigaretnom: Gyae sigaretnom ne vaping koraa. Ɛnyɛ papa nso sɛ wobɛka obi foforo a ɔnom sigaret (sigaret a ɛto so abien) ho.
- To nsa ano hye: Ma mmea nnom nsa biako da biara na mmarima nnom nsa abien da biara.
- Tew wo mu duru so: Sɛ wo mu duru boro so a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛtew so. Sɛ wo mu duru nyinaa so tew 10% pɛ mpo a, ebetumi anya wo srade dodow so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.
Tebea bɛn mu na nnuru ho hia?
Sɛ woayɛ nsakrae wɔ w’asetra mu nanso wontumi nni wo srade dodow so a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw wo nnuru. Ɛda adi sɛ wofi ase de nnuru di dwuma wɔ nsɛm te sɛ eyinom mu:
- Sɛ wo LDL srade dodow yɛ 190 mg/dL anaa nea ɛboro saa a.
- Sɛ woadi mfeɛ 45-70, wowɔ asikreyareɛ, na wowɔ LDL dodoɔ a ɛyɛ 70 mg/dL anaa nea ɛboro saa.
- Sɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wubenya komayare na LDL dodow yɛ 70 mg/dL anaa nea ɛboro saa a.
- Sɛ woanya komayare, akisikuru, anaa ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no yare dedaw a.
Nnuru ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de atew srade so.
| Nnuru ahorow a wɔde di dwuma | Sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma ne nhwɛso ahorow |
|---|---|
| Statin ahorow | Eyinom ne nnuru ahorow a wɔtaa de di dwuma. Wɔtew srade a mmerɛbo no yɛ so. Sɛ nhwɛso no: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin. |
| Ezetimibe na ɔkyerɛwee | Wɔtew srade a ɛtwe fi nnuan a yedi mu no so. Wɔtaa de statin ma. |
| Nnuru a Ɛkyekyere Bile Acid | Ɛkyekyere bile acid a ɛwɔ aduan mu na ɛma mmerɛbo no de srade a ɛboro so di dwuma. |
| Fibrates a wɔde yɛ nneɛma | Ɛboa titiriw ma triglycerides so tew na ɛma srade pa (HDL) kɔ soro. |
| Niacin a wɔde yɛ nnuru | Eyi yɛ vitamin. Nanso nnom da a wunnya wo duruyɛfo afotu. |
| Nnɛyi nnuruyɛ | Nnuru foforo nso wɔ hɔ te sɛ PSCK9 inhibitors, ACL inhibitors, ne siRNA ayaresa (e.g. Inclisiran). Wɔtaa de eyinom ma nnipa a wɔwɔ srade a wonya fi awo mu (e.g. HeFH) anaa wɔn a ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔde nnuru afoforo bedi wɔn so. |
Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na woahu nea efi mu ba?
Sɛ wufi ase yɛ nsakrae wɔ w’asetra mu pɛ a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo daa. Bɛyɛ adapɛn 12 akyi no , wɔbɛsan ahwɛ wo srade mu srade na wɔasi gyinae sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae foforo biara wɔ w’aduan anaa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nhyehyɛe mu anaa.
Sɛ wo srade dodow ankɔ fam wɔ ɛno akyi a, ebia wobetu wo fo sɛ fi ase nom nnuru. Sɛ wohyɛ nnuru ase wie a, wɔbɛsan asɔ wo mogya ahwɛ wɔ adapɛn 4-8 mu ahwɛ sɛ aduru no reyɛ adwuma anaa. Ɛno akyi no, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo srade dodow bɛyɛ pɛnkoro afe biara.
Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkɔ so adi nkitaho. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi a, bisa nsɛm, na ka nsɛm biara a ɛhaw wo wɔ w’ayaresa ho no ho asɛm.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Cholesterol a ɛdɔɔso nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro, ɛyɛ biribi a wobetumi adi ho dwuma yiye.
- Ade a edi kan ne nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛfa asetra kwan a ɛma koma pa so. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ yebedi aduan pa, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, na yɛakwati subammɔne.
- Ɛnyɛ wo srade dodow nko na wɔkyerɛw ma, na mmom w’akwahosan nyinaa ne asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya komayare nso.
- Mfi ase anaasɛ nnyae nnuru a ɛma mogya mu srade nom da a wonkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaasɛ esiane sɛ obi ka kyerɛ wo nti kɛkɛ.
- Wubetumi anya apɔwmuden denam wo duruyɛfo a wobɛkɔ so adi nkitaho daa na woakɔhwɛ wo daa no so.
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