So wowɔ anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu nso wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn wo? Momma yensua biribiara fa hyperopia ho!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wuhu sɛ nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo, sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wokenkan atesɛm krataa, wohwɛ nkyerɛwee nketenkete wɔ wo fon so, anaa wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wode asaawa bɛfa asaawa mu a, ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kakra? Nanso nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, sɛ wuhu biribi wɔ akyirikyiri a, wutumi hu no pefee a ɔhaw biara nni ho, ɛnte saa? Sɛ ɛte saa a, ebia wowɔ tebea a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ no nso, a wɔfrɛ no "akyirikyiri" anaa `(Hyperopia)`. Mma ɛnhaw wo, eyi abu so yiye, na wobetumi asa.

Dɛn ne hyperopia? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ade a ɛhwɛ akyirikyiri yɛ aniwa mu yare a abu so. Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no, ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubehu nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo pefee , nanso nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri (mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ mita 6, anaa bɛyɛ anammɔn 20) da adi pefee . Fa no sɛ, sɛ wonam abɔnten a, wutumi hu sotɔɔ bi din pefee wɔ akyirikyiri, nanso sɛ wohwɛ sika a ɛwɔ wo nsam no a, ɛte sɛ nea nkyerɛwde no ayɛ basaa. Saa na ɛte.

Nanso, sɛ nnipa binom hwɛ akyirikyiri kakra a, ebia wobehu nneɛma a ɛbɛn ne akyirikyiri nyinaa. Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, eyi nyɛ aniwa yare. Ɛyɛ nsakrae ketewaa bi a ɛba ɔkwan a aniwa no fa so de n’adwene si hann so no mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ entumi mfa n’adwene nsi hann so yiye . Ade titiriw nti a ɛte saa ne ɔkwan a w’ani fa so yɛ no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ aniwa no tenten fi anim kosi akyi (axial tenten) ne ɔfã a ɛda adi wɔ aniwa no anim a wɔfrɛ no cornea no a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa. Worentumi nni ɔkwan a w’ani no yɛ so. Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ, eyi yɛ tebea a wobetumi asiesie .

Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubehu nneɛma abɛn a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyaw nnim de ahwɛ sɛ w’ani hia mmoa kakra anaa. Ano aduru wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de adi dwuma, a ahwehwɛ, ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade, ne oprehyɛn mpo ka ho. Wo duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woapaw nea ɛfata wo.

Akyirikyiri a wohu abu so dɛn?

Eyi abu so koraa ankasa. Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛ no, ebia mmofra bɛyɛ 4.6% ne mpanyimfo 30.9% wɔ wiase nyinaa na wohu ade akyirikyiri. Nanso, saa dodow yi betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ adesua biara mu, efisɛ ɛsono akwan a wɔfa so susuw.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔde nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 40 ka nhwehwɛmu bi ho a, saa ɔha biara mu nkyem yi betumi akɔ soro kɛse mpo. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, sɛ nnipa pii di mfe 40 akyi a, ɛda adi sɛ wobenya tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Presbyopia``, a ɛyɛ anisoadehu a ɛbɛn a wɔhwere bere a wɔrenyin no . ``Presbyopia`` nso ma aniwa a ɛbɛn aniwa no yɛ nea wontumi nhu, nanso nsakrae a ɛba aniwa no mu bere a obi nyin no na ɛde ba. Eyi yɛ ade soronko a ɛde ba sen sɛ obi hwɛ akyirikyiri.

So wowɔ nneɛma a wotumi hu ade akyirikyiri? Hwɛ yiye wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ho:

Ebia mfiase no worente nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo yaw biara, nanso sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ w’ani ntini yɛ adwumaden kɛse na ama woahu ade yiye a, ., ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ eyinom:

• Anisoadehu a wontumi nhu bere a worehwɛ nneɛma a ɛbɛn, titiriw nneɛma a ɛbɛn anim no.
• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu anaa aniwa a ɛbrɛ anadwo.
• Akenkan a ɛyɛ den. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ nhoma bi mu no resaw na emu nna hɔ.
• Anisoadehu abien bere a worekenkan ade.
• Ɛyaw a wɔte nka wɔ aniwa no mu.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ den .
• Mmɔden a wobɛbɔ sɛ wobɛkenkan a w’ani ayɛ ketewaa (a wobɛbɔ w’ani so) .

Sɛ mmofra nkumaa nhu ade akyirikyiri a, wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi akyi no, ebia wɔbɛtaa apete wɔn ani anaasɛ wɔn ani nnye akenkan ho kɛse . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛwom mpo sɛ ebia abofra kumaa besusuw sɛ adesua afono wɔn de, nanso ebetumi aba ankasa sɛ esiane sɛ wonhu nkyerɛwde no yiye nti.

Dɛn nti na saa adwene a enhu ade yi ba? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Nneɛma atitiriw abien na ɛma obi tumi hu ade kɔ akyiri:

• Aniwa no a ɛyɛ tiaa kakra. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ aniwa no axial tenten so tew fi anim kɔ akyi.
• Aniwa no ani a ɛyɛ tratraa sen sɛnea na wɔhwɛ kwan.

Ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, "Enti sɛ aniwa no yɛ tiaa kakra na aniwa no yɛ petee kakra a, dɛn na ɛba?" Mmuae no wɔ ɔkwan a w’ani fa so dannan hann (kotow) no so.

Fa w’ani no sɛ mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi. Aniwa no te sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri no anim no. Ɛha na hann a ɛhyɛn aniwa no mu no di kan dannan, ɛkɔ aniwa no mu, na ɛtɔ aniwa no akyi retina no so tẽẽ. Mpɛn pii no, ani a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa no yɛ nea ɛkɔ akyiri kakra, na saa kurukuruwa no ne nea ɛma hann no kɔ retina no so tẽẽ.

Nanso, sɛ w’aniwa no yɛ petee, anaasɛ kwan a ɛda w’anim kɔ akyi no yɛ tiaa dodo a, saa kari pɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yi yera. Dɛn na ɛba saa bere no? Sɛ hann hyɛn w'ani mu a, ɛntɔ `(Retina)` no so tẽẽ. Mmom no, hann hann no twe adwene si `(Retina)` no akyi. Ɛno nti na nneɛma a ɛbɛn ho no te sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw no. Ɛtɔ da bi a aniwa no afã afoforo betumi `(agye)` eyi akodu baabi. Nanso sɛ wuhu ade akyirikyiri a, w’ani hia mmoa, te sɛ ahwehwɛ, na ama hann no akɔ so yiye.

Wɔsan frɛ akyirikyiri a obi hu ade no sɛ refractive error. Mfomso a ɛma aniwa no dannan hann no yɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ anisoadehu mu a ɔhaw ahorow a ɛba wɔ ɔkwan a aniwa no fa so dannan hann no mu. Wɔtaa yɛ kɛse na wotumi di ho dwuma. Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwɛ w’ani na woahu nea wuhia ankasa.

So ade a wohu akyirikyiri fi awosu mu?

Yiw, nhwehwɛmufo gye di sɛ ade a wohu akyirikyiri wɔ awosu mu nkɛntɛnso.. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm a wunya fi w’awofo hɔ no betumi aka asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nneɛma a wubehu akyirikyiri no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, awosu mu nkwaadɔm bi nya ɔkwan a aniwa no fa so nyin, titiriw aniwa no tenten (`(axial length)`). Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara reyɛ sɛnea awosu mu nkwaadɔm ka eyi ho nhwehwɛmu ankasa.

Nnipa binom nso betumi anya hyperopia esiane awosu mu tebea horow bi nti, te sɛ `(Achromatopsia)`, `(Down syndrome)`, ne `(Fragile X syndrome)`.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi tebea yi mu aba?

Sɛ wohwɛ akyirikyiri a, ebetumi ama woanya sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛnyɛ dɛ te sɛ tiyɛ, na ama ayɛ den sɛ wobɛyɛ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow.

Titiriw wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu no , sɛ wotumi hu ade kɔ akyiri dodo a, wobetumi anya tebea horow te sɛ amblyopia (baabi a aniwa biako a wohu ade no ntumi nkɔ yiye) anaa strabismus (baabi a aniwa abien no nyinaa nkyerɛ ɔkwan koro so). Eyi nti na ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’ani wɔ wo mmofraase no. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu mfomso ahorow a ɛma wotumi hu ade te sɛ akyirikyiri a wohu ansa na abɛyɛ nsɛnnennen.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu no yiye sɛ wowɔ akyirikyiri? Dɛn ne sɔhwɛ ahorow no?

Ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so ahu no yiye ne sɛ wobɛyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ a ɛnyɛ den a ɛnyɛ yaw . Aniwa ho oduruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho oduruyɛfo na ɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi.

Wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu no, oduruyɛfo no de nnuru nketenkete (`(ani so nsu)`) bɛhyɛ w’ani so na ama w’aniwa (`(aniwa)`) ayɛ kɛse . Eyi ma hann pii hyɛn aniwa no mu na ɛma oduruyɛfo no hu aniwa no akyi afã horow te sɛ `(retina)` yiye.

Afei oduruyɛfo no de nnwinnade ahorow hwehwɛ w’ani mu, na ɔde hann a ɛhyerɛn kɔ so, de hwɛ sɛ aniwa no akwahosan te. Ɛnyɛ sɛ eyi hwɛ aniwa mu mfomso ahorow te sɛ akyirikyiri a wohu nko, na mmom aniwa tebea afoforo pii te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nso.

Sɛ wohyia ɔhaw biara anaasɛ w'aniwa nhu ade yiye a, nsusuw kɛkɛ sɛ, "Eyi yɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ den ara kwa," na yɛ w'ani mu nhwehwɛmu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, aniwa a ɛyɛ kusuu betumi ayɛ tebea bi a emu yɛ den kɛse a ehia sɛ wɔsa no ntɛm ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

So aduru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa nneɛma a ɛhwɛ akyirikyiri? Mɛyɛ dɛn asiesie eyi?

Aane! Pɛpɛɛpɛ. Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa so asiesie akyirikyiri:

• Aniwa ahwehwɛ: Eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na wɔtaa fa so. Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ aniwa no sesa ɔkwan a hann fa so hwɛ aniwa no so. Sɛnea wuhu ade akyirikyiri no na ɛbɛkyerɛ ahwehwɛ ko a wuhia ne bere tenten a ebehia sɛ wode hyɛ.
• Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade:Eyinom yɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ so. Wɔteɛ ɔkwan a hann fa so hyɛn aniwa no mu. Nanso, ɛyɛ nketewa sen ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade, na wɔde hyɛ aniwa no ani. Mpɛn pii no, ahobammɔ ne ahotɔ wom. Nanso, ebia nnipa binom rentumi nhyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade esiane ɔhaw ahorow te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa aniwa mu yare nti.
• Oprehyɛn: Sɛ wopɛ a, wubetumi nso ayɛ wo oprehyɛn de asiesie sɛnea wuhu akyirikyiri no. Oprehyɛn ahorow wɔ hɔ a egyina sɛnea wutumi hu ade akyirikyiri so.
• Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔkwan bi a wɔfrɛ no LASIK aniwa oprehyɛn betumi aboa nnipa a wontumi nhu akyirikyiri kakra. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode laser bedi dwuma de asan ayɛ w’aniwa no.
• Refractive lens exchange (IOL) oprehyɛn betumi aboa nnipa a wotumi hu ade akyirikyiri dodo. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wuyi w’abɔde mu ahwehwɛ no na wode ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ (intraocular lens / IOL) si ananmu.

So ɛsɛ sɛ obiara a ohu ade akyirikyiri hyɛ ahwehwɛ?

Ɛsɛ sɛ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo na ɔkyerɛ eyi. Ɛtɔ da bi a w'ani betumi ``agye'' akodu baabi a wunni ahwehwɛ. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow anaasɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛyɛ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ wo dɛ sɛ wobɛhyɛ ahwehwɛ. Contact lenses yɛ ɔkwan foforo a wobɛfa so.

Wo duruyɛfo bɛboa wo ma woapaw ɔkwan a wɔfa so teɛteɛ w’ani so a ɛfata wo yiye, a egyina w’ani ahiade ne w’asetra kwan so.

So ade a wohu akyirikyiri no bɛtu mpɔn ara kwa?

Dabi, sɛ wɔnyɛ oprehyɛn a, sɛ obi hwɛ akyirikyiri a, ɛrentu mpɔn ara kwa. Nanso wɔ oprehyɛn akyi mpo no, bere kɔ so no, w’ani betumi asesa. Eyi yɛ adebɔ mu adeyɛ a ɛba bere a worenyin no.

Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a, w’ani si w’ani so na w’ani si hann so yiye. Nanso sɛ wuyi fi hɔ ara pɛ a, ebia w’ani a wubehu akyirikyiri ho sɛnkyerɛnne no asan aba bio. Afei nso, bere kɔ so no, w’ani betumi ayɛ mmerɛw na ayɛ kusuu. Ebia wubehu sɛ ahwehwɛ a wohyɛ mprempren no mmoa sɛnea na ɛte kan no.

Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohyɛ w’aniwa ahwehwɛ anaa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ bere nyinaa sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no . Ɛho hia nso sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa de hwɛ sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wosesa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no ahoɔden anaa.

So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa so asiw akyirikyiri a wohu ade no nkɔso ano?

Sɛ yɛbɛka nokware a, ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔada no adi sɛ wɔbɛfa so asiw akyirikyiri a obi nhu ade no ano, efisɛ mpɛn pii no ɛne ɔkwan a wɔfa so hyehyɛ aniwa no wɔ abusuabɔ.

Nanso, suban ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa wo ma woakura w’aniwa akwahosan nyinaa mu. Bere a ebia eyinom rensiw nneɛma a wobɛhwɛ akyirikyiri kwan no, ebetumi aboa ma w’ani ayɛ yiye:

• Di aduan a ahoɔden wom.Nnuannuru te sɛ vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, ne lutein boa ma wobɔ w’ani so. Sɛ wubenya eyinom a, fa nnuaba te sɛ akutu, bobe, ne strawberry, ne nhabannuru a ɛyɛ ahabammono te sɛ spinach ne collard greens ka w’aduan ho.
• Yɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ahu aniwa mu haw ansa na woanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne mpo.
• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ owia, wɔ nna a mununkum wɔ mpo mu. Paw awia ahwehwɛ a esiw owia no mu mframa a ɛyɛ hu a wɔfrɛ no ultraviolet (UV) no 99% anaa nea ɛboro saa kwan.
• Ma w’ani nnye w’ahome daa. Sɛ obi hwɛ kɔmputa anaa telefon so nnɔnhwerew pii a, ebetumi ama w’ani ayɛ wo yaw. Eyi betumi ama tebea horow te sɛ ``Computer vision syndrome.'' Ɛdenam nsakrae nketenkete a wobɛyɛ wɔ wo da biara da dwumadi mu so no, wubetumi asiw saa ɔhaw ahorow yi ano anaasɛ wobɛtew so.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu?

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wutumi hu ade wɔ akyirikyiri anaa n’ani so haw afoforo a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu betumi ayɛ ɔhaw ahorow ho kɔkɔbɔ sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ nnuruyɛfo afotu na ama woahu nea ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no reba.

Sɛ wunni aniwa mu haw biara mpo a, ɛho da so ara hia sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa. Sɛnea Amerika Aniwa Ho Nhwehwɛmu Fekuw kyerɛ no, mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nnipa a wonni yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no hwɛ wɔn aniwa ni:

• Nkokoaa: Ansa na wɔadi awoda a edi kan (ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wodi asram 6 kosi 12).
• Mmofra nkumaa: Anyɛ yiye koraa no, sɔhwɛ biako a wɔadi fi mfe 3 kosi 5, afei pɛnkoro afe biara.
• Mpanyimfo a wɔadi fi mfe 18 kosi 64: Anyɛ yiye koraa no pɛnkoro wɔ mfe abien biara mu.
• Mpanyimfo a wɔadi mfe 65 ne akyi: Pɛnkoro afe biara.

Ɛdenam w’ani akwahosan ne asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya aniwa mu yare so no, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔtaa hwɛ wo mu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woba mu Hwɛ hu sɛ wubedi saa akwankyerɛ ahorow no akyi na woakɔhwɛ wo wɔ nna a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ no mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a egye ntɛmpɛ? (Putupuru)

Sɛ mpofirim ara, mpofirim ara, wuhu ade yiye anaasɛ wunhu ade yiye , frɛ 911 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara. Eyinom betumi ayɛ tebea horow a emu yɛ den a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ayaresa ntɛm ara ho sɛnkyerɛnne, te sɛ ``Stroke'' anaa ``Retinal Detachment''.

Nea etwa to no, ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message):

Sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo a, ebetumi aka w’adwuma ne w’anigyede ahorow. Ɛho nhia sɛ wuhu amane wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ne abasamtu a ɛde ba no ho. Sɛ w’aniwa nhu ade yiye, w’aniwa yɛ mmerɛw bere a worekenkan ade, anaasɛ wo ti yɛ wo yaw a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Wubetumi de sɔhwɛ kakraa bi a ɛnyɛ den a ɛnyɛ yaw ahu sɛ ebia wuhu ade wɔ akyirikyiri anaa. Afei wo duruyɛfo no bɛteɛteɛ w’ani so sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ahu ade yiye na ɛnyɛ den. Enti, mma nsuro anaa w’ani nnwu, tu anammɔn a ɛbɛma woahwɛ w’ani nnɛ. Ɛda no nkɔ yie mma wo!

` Akyirikyiri, Hyperopia, Aniwa a wohu, Nhumu a ɛbɛn, Ahwehwɛ, Aniwa mu Nyarewa, Aniwa mu Nhwehwɛmu