So akisikuru bi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wo hwene mu? Momma yensua Jaw Cysts ne Tumors ho ade pɛpɛɛpɛ!

So woahu akisikuru anaa akisikuru ketewaa bi wɔ w’ano anaa w’anom mu pɛn na woasusuw nea ɛyɛ ho pɛn? Anaasɛ woasuro pɛn bere a ntini ho oduruyɛfo bi hwɛɛ wo X-ray na ɔkae sɛ, "Biribi ketewaa bi wɔ ha"? Ɛwom sɛ nokwarem no, saa nneɛma yi ntaa nsi koraa de, nanso ebetumi ato obiara. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka Jaw Cysts ne Tumors ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne saa anom ntini ne akisikuru yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyinom yɛ nyin a ebetumi ayɛ w’ano mu, w’anom nnompe (a wo sẽ ka ho), anaa ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so. Jaw cyst yɛ kotoku a nsu anaa ade a ɛyɛ nsu fã ahyɛ mu ma. Fa no sɛ akisikuru ketewaa bi, nanso ɛba ntini mu. Nanso akisikuru de, ɛyɛ ntini a ɛyɛ den a nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so na ɛwom. Saa nyini abien yi nyinaa taa yɛ nea ɛnyɛ hu, anaasɛ ɛnyɛ kokoram. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi anyin ayɛ akɛse, aka w’anim ne w’ano ntini ahorow, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛntrɛw nkɔ wo nipadua no afã afoforo.

Nanso, ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ saa akisikuru anaa akisikuru a ɛfa anom yi betumi abɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ hu, anaasɛ kokoram. Nnuruyɛfo nso frɛ eyi anom kokoram . Sɛ wɔansa saa akisikuru ne akisikuru a kokoram wom yi a, ebetumi atrɛw akɔ akyiri asen wo hwene akɔ wo nipadua no afã afoforo.

Enti, sɛ wuhu sɛ biribi foforo bi anyin wɔ wo hwene mu anaa w’ano mu a, ɛho hia sɛ wode kyerɛ oduruyɛfo. Sɛ akisikuru anaa akisikuru bi nyɛ hu mpo a, ahorow bi betumi ama obi ate yaw, asɛe anom dompe, anaasɛ mpo atutu sẽ.

Dɛn ne anom ntini ne akisikuru ahorow?

Ntini ne akisikuru ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛfa anom ho. Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ wɔn mu sɛ ɛnyɛ bɔne anaasɛ ɛyɛ hu, ne sɛ ebia wofi ase wɔ ntini ahorow a ɛfa sẽ nyin ho (odontogenic cysts ne tumors) anaa ntini afoforo (nonodontogenic cysts and tumors) mu.

Anom akisikuru ne akisikuru ahorow a ɛnyɛ hu a ɛtaa ba

Mpɛn pii no, eyinom nyɛ kokoram, kyerɛ sɛ, akisikuru ne nyin ahorow a ‘ɛnyɛ bɔne’. Momma yɛnhwɛ emu atitiriw no:

• Ameloblastoma: Eyi yɛ akisikuru a enyin brɛoo, na ɛma ntini no fi ntini a ɛyɛ sẽ no mu. Ɛtaa ba wo hwene a ɛwɔ fam no mu, wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn w’akyi sẽ (molars). Ɛwom sɛ ɛtaa nyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho de, nanso bere kɔ so no, ameloblastoma ahorow bi betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ hu. Ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ akisikuru a ɛnyɛ hu de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a etumi nyin kɛse ma ɛsakra wo hwene no nsusuwii anaasɛ ɛsɛe wo sẽ.
• Central giant cell granuloma: Nkwammoaa akɛse a ɛwɔ mfinimfini:Eyi ne akisikuru a ‘ɛyɛ bɔne’ a ɛnyɛ odontogenic a ɛtaa ba. Ɛtaa ba wɔ anom a ɛwɔ fam no anim. Nanso, ebetumi aba wɔ anom a ɛwɔ soro no nso mu. Akisikuru dodow no ara ma anom a ɛho ahonhon a ɛnyɛ yaw nkutoo. Nanso, akisikuru a enyin ntɛmntɛm no betumi ama ne sẽ ahonhon a ɛyɛ yaw na ama ne sẽ atu.
• Dentigerous cysts: Eyi ne odontogenic cyst a ɛto so abien a ɛtaa ba, na efi ntini a ɛyɛ sẽ no mu. Eyinom yɛ akisikuru a enyin brɛoo a ɛtwa ntini a ɛwɔ sẽ a ɛnpaapae wɔ ano no ho hyia. Wɔtaa ba wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn w’akyi sẽ (molars). Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobetumi ahu wɔn nso wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn akraman a ɛwɔ soro no, a ɛyɛ sẽ a ɛwɔ w’anim sẽ no afã abien no nyinaa.
• Odontogenic keratocysts: Eyinom nso yɛ akisikuru a enyin brɛoo. Wɔtaa ba wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn akyi sẽ (molars). Mpɛn pii no, keratocyst nketewa nyɛ yaw, nanso cyst akɛse betumi ama obi ho ahonhon a ɛyɛ yaw. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa akisikuru yi betumi ayɛ tebea bi a wonya fi awo mu a wɔfrɛ no Gorlin syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne . Saa tebea yi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya odontogenic keratocysts ne honam ani kokoram ahorow bi no yɛ kɛse.
• Odontogenic myxoma / myxofibroma: Eyi yɛ akisikuru a ɛnyɛ hu na enyin brɛoo. Nanso, saa akisikuru yi betumi anyin ayɛ kɛse araa ma asɛe wo hwene na atu wo sẽ.
• Odontoma: Eyi ne akisikuru a ɛtaa ba a ɛnyɛ hu, a ɛma odontogenic. Ɔkwan biako taa ba wɔ anom a ɛwɔ fam no mu na ɛwɔ nneɛma pii a ɛte sɛ sẽ (`compound type`). Ɔkwan foforo no taa ba wɔ soro anom na ɛwɔ ntini a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a ɛnte sɛ sẽ (`complex type`).
• Periapical cysts: Eyi ne anom akisikuru a ɛtaa ba. Wɔnam ɔfe a efi ɛse bi a ɛyɛ hu so na ɛba.

Anom Cysts ne Tumors a Ɛyɛ Hu a Ɛntaa Nni

Nea eye ne sɛ, kokoram, anaasɛ ‘ɛyɛ bɔne’, anom akisikuru ho yɛ na koraa. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ni:

• Kokoram: Eyi yɛ kokoram bi a efi ase wɔ ntini ahorow a ɛhyehyɛ akwaa ahorow, akwan a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu, ne honam ani no mu.
• Sarcoma: Eyi yɛ kokoram a efi ase wɔ nnompe anaa ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a atwa ho ahyia no mu.
• Carcinosarcoma: Eyi yɛ kokoram ahorow abien no nyinaa a wɔaka abom, `(Carcinoma)` ne `(Sarcoma).`

Saa akisikuru ne akisikuru a ɛfa anom yi abu so dɛn?

Nokwarem no, akisikuru ne akisikuru a ɛfa anom ho no ntaa mma saa. Nanso, kokoram ahorow a ɛyɛ hu anaa kokoram ho yɛ na koraa.

Nanso, nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ mmeae bi no taa nya bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ Amerika Atifi fam no, nyin a ɛnteɛ wɔ ano no mu 1% pɛ na ɛyɛ odontogenic tumors. Nanso, wɔ Afrika aman bi mu no, saa dodow yi boro 20%.

Sɛ mewɔ akisikuru anaa akisikuru wɔ me hwene mu a, dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Mpɛn pii no, saa akisikuru ne akisikuru yi nyin nkakrankakra na ɛmma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne mma. Ebia wunnim mpo sɛ wowɔ bi gye sɛ wohu wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ nsensan X-ray anaa mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ ti ne kɔn ho haw foforo.

Nanso, sɛ nnua a enyin no yɛ akɛse, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ efi ase hyɛn ntini a ɛte apɔw a ɛbɛn hɔ no mu a, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bɛda adi. Eyinom bi ne:

• Ɛyaw, ɛyɛ den, anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ anom no fã.
• Ɔhonhon (eyi betumi ayɛ yaw anaasɛ ebetumi akɔ).
• Nsakrae a ɛba w’anim hwɛbea mu.
• Akuru foforo a ɛwɔ anom dompe no mu (eyi betumi ayɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw).
• Nsakrae a ɛba ɔkwan a sẽ no fa so hyia mu (Changing bite).
• Nse a wɔyam.

Dɛn na ɛde saa anom ntini ne akisikuru yi ba?

Anom akisikuru ne akisikuru dodow no ara nyin efisɛ nkwammoaa a ɛboa ma sẽ yɛ wɔn ade wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so, na ɛyɛ akisikuru anaa kotoku a nsu ahyɛ mu ma (cysts). Eyi ne nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ``odontogenic`` nyin mu. Nanso, enhia sɛ nkwammoaa de wɔn ho hyɛ sẽ a wɔhyehyɛ mu na ama anyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so.

Mpɛn pii no, nsakrae a ɛba DNA mu (awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae) na ɛma nkwammoaa nyin a ɛnteɛ . Sɛnea wunim no, DNA ne mmara a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea yɛn nkwammoaa no nyin ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ egyae. Sɛ ɔhaw ahorow wɔ saa mmara yi mu a, ɔkwan a wɔfa so kyekyɛ nkwammoaa mu no betumi akɔ so anyɛ yiye, na ɛde onyin a wɔmpɛ aba.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa a wɔwɔ Gorlin syndrome (wɔnkwati basal cell carcinoma syndrome) no wɔ nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae a ɛma nkwammoaa kɔ so kyekyɛ bere mpo a ɛsɛ sɛ wogyae no. Ne saa nti, nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi taa nya odontogenic keratocysts pii. Wɔn nso wɔ asiane a ɛkɔ soro sɛ wobenya basal cell carcinoma, honam ani kokoram a abu so sen biara.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu saa anom ntini ne akisikuru yi?

Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, na wayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu betumi akyerɛ sɛ akisikuru anaa akisikuru wɔ wo hwene mu ne nea atwa ho ahyia. Eyinom bi ne:

• X-ray a wɔde yɛ adwuma.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a wɔde yɛ adwuma.
• Kɔmputa so mfoninitwa (CT scan).

Nea ɛka ho no, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu . Wɔ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu mu no, oduruyɛfo bi fa nsu anaa ntini bi fi nea enyin no mu. Ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ nhwɛsode no mu hwɛ nkwammoaa ahorow a ɛwɔ mu. Saa nsɛm yi betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu:

• Cyst anaa tumor bɛn na wowɔ?
• So ɛyɛ ‘nea ɛnyɛ bɔne’ anaasɛ ‘ɛyɛ bɔne’?
• So ɛyɛ brɛoo anaasɛ ɛyɛ basabasa?

Saa nneɛma yi nyinaa boa wo duruyɛfo ma osi ayaresa a eye ma wo ho gyinae.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa saa anom ntini ne akisikuru yi?

Ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa pii nam oprehyɛn so yi akisikuru anaa akisikuru bi . Wɔ nyin a woyi fi hɔ akyi no, ebia wo oprehyɛn duruyɛfo no beyi ntini a asɛe no nso afi hɔ. Ebia eyi bɛka sẽ a asɛe, anaasɛ anom a ɛwɔ fam anaa anom a ɛwɔ soro no afã horow. Wɔfrɛ oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ de yi anom a ɛwɔ fam no afã horow mandibulectomy , na wɔfrɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde yi anom a ɛwɔ soro no nyinaa anaa ne fã bi no maxillectomy .

Sɛ woyɛ oprehyɛn wie a, ebia wubehia ayaresa te sɛ eyinom na ama woasan akyekye wo hwene na aboa wɔ ayaresa no mu:

• Oprehyɛn a wɔde san yɛ: Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wo hwene ayɛ te sɛ nea na ɛte ansa na akisikuru no reyɛ no, wo duruyɛfo betumi de dompe bi a efi wo nipadua no fã foforo (te sɛ w’asen, wo mmati, anaa wo nan ase) adi dwuma.
• Nsõ a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu: Ebia ebehia sɛ wode sẽ a wɔde nsa ayɛ hyehyɛ mu de si sẽ a wo duruyɛfo ayi afi hɔ no ananmu.
• Ɔkasa mu ayaresa: Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛkasa anaa wobɛbɔ nsɛmfua din pefee wɔ oprehyɛn akyi a, ɔkasa ne kasa mu ɔyare ho ɔbenfo (SLP) betumi aboa wo.
• Aduandi ho akwankyerɛ: Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi te sɛ aduan ho ɔbenfo anaa aduannuru ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu wɔ nnuan a asiane biara nni ho sɛ wubedi bere a wo ho retɔ wo no ho.

Sɛ wowɔ anom kokoram a, ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkamfo kokoram ayaresa te sɛ mframa a wɔde sa yare ne/anaasɛ nnuru a wɔde sa yare akyerɛ wo . Ayaresa a eye sen biara ma wo no begyina akisikuru anaa akisikuru ko a wowɔ so.

Sɛ mewɔ anom akisikuru anaa akisikuru a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Wobetumi de oprehyɛn asa anom akisikuru ne akisikuru dodow no ara koraa. Nanso, egyina ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no so no, ebia ebehia sɛ wokɔ so yɛ nsrahwɛ ahorow a wodi akyi de hwɛ sɛ ebia nkɔso foforo aba anaa.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, mpɛn pii no, periapical cysts, odontomas, ne dentigerous cysts nsan mma bio wɔ oprehyɛn akyi. Nanso, nkwammoaa akɛse a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no granuloma, odontogenic myxoma, ne odontogenic keratocysts betumi asan aba bio. Ameloblastoma san ba bio wɔ bɛyɛ 20% mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu?

Sɛ wo hwene mu yɛ wo yaw anaasɛ wohon, anaasɛ wuhu sɛ wo ho yɛ fɛ te sɛ wo hwene mu akisikuru anaa wo sẽ a ayɛ mmerɛw a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Ebetumi ayɛ akisikuru, akisikuru, anaa nsensan mu yare foforo a oduruyɛfo betumi asa ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Ɛho hia titiriw sɛ wobɛkɔ so akɔ wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Nsõ X-ray a wɔyɛ no daa no betumi ahu akisikuru anaa akisikuru bere a ɛda so ara yɛ ketewaa na ɛmfa sɛnkyerɛnne biara mma no.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Nsɛmmisa bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo ni:

• Akisikuru anaa akisikuru bɛn na mewɔ?
• So ɛnyɛ bɔne anaasɛ ɛyɛ hu?
• So ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ me oprehyɛn?
• Hokwan ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ eyi bɛsan asi bio wɔ oprehyɛn akyi?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ me ho bere a merenya ahoɔden afi oprehyɛn mu no?

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw me wɔ akisikuru bi a ɛwɔ anom?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama akisikuru a ɛwɔ anom no mu aba. Wɔn mu dodow no ara nyɛ aniberesɛm araa ma ɛyɛ hu. Ebetumi afi nneɛma te sɛ akisikuru ne akisikuru na ɛde aba, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ biribi a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ akisikuru anaasɛ ntini a ɛho ahonhon .

Ɛfata sɛ yɛma ɛtra w’adwenem sɛ onyin a ɛnyɛ hu dodow no ara te nka sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw na sɛ woka a, wotumi tu. Sɛ onyin bi yɛ kokoram a, ɛda adi sɛ ɛbɛyɛ den. Nea ɛka eyi ho nkutoo ne kokoram a wɔfrɛ no liposarcoma , a ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ akisikuru a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na etumi tu.

Sɛ wo nya akisikuru foforɔ a, ɛrenkɔ, ɛyɛ yaw, na ɛresiw wo hwene no kwan - ɛnde ɛyɛ berɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfoɔ nkyɛn.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛwom sɛ anom akisikuru ne akisikuru dodow no ara nyɛ nea asiane biara nni ho, anaasɛ ɛnyɛ kokoram de, nanso ɛtaa ba sɛ wobɛte abasamtu nka bere a wuhu sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn no. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ woyi fi hɔ ansa na wɔde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛtra ase, te sɛ ɛyaw ne ano a ɛho ahonhon aba. Sɛ worehu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi dedaw a, oprehyɛn betumi aboa ma woayi afi hɔ koraa. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ne nea ebetumi afi mu aba wɔ wo cyst anaa akisikuru pɔtee no ho. Mmu w’ani ngu biribiara a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ w’anom anaa w’anom so da. Nyansa wom sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi.

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