So wufi ase nso fefe bere a wode wo nsa ka mfutuma ketewaa bi no? Anaasɛ sɛ ntɛtea anaa nwansena keka wo a, baabi no yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛho ahonhon, na ɛyɛ wo yaw a wuntumi nnyina ano? Yɛn mu pii anya osuahu a ɛte saa ara. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka obi titiriw bi a ɔde saa adeyɛ yi a ɛba yɛn nipadua mu wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu no ba ho asɛm. Ɛno ne "Mast Cells ".
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, henanom ne saa mast cells yi?
Mast cells yɛ asraafo titiriw wɔ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Sɛnea yɛn man no wɔ asraafo dɔm a wɔbɔ ho ban no, saa ara na yɛn nipadua nso wɔ nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛbɔ ho ban. Saa mast cells yi ne awɛmfo wɔ saa nhyehyɛe no mu, na wɔma wɔn ani da hɔ bere nyinaa.
Wɔyɛ saa nkwammoaa yi wɔ yɛn nnompe mu. Afei wɔfa mogya no mu kɔtra yɛn nipadua no mu ntini ahorow mu. Ɛhɔ na wɔn adwuma no fi ase. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛbɔ yɛn ho ban afi ahunahuna ahorow a ɛbɛba nipadua no so no ho.
Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa mast cells yi yɛ adwuma boro so. Ɛno na ɔhaw ahorow no fi ase. Wobetumi ama obi ayɛ n’ade kɛse wɔ nneɛma a asiane biara nni ho te sɛ mfutuma anaa aduan mpo ho. Yɛfrɛ saa tebea horow yi ‘allergies’ anaa ‘allergic asthma’. Wɔ tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den mu no, saa mast cells yi dwumadi betumi ama obi anya akisikuru a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no anaphylaxis, a ebetumi de nkwa ato asiane mu.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa mast cells yi yɛ adwuma? Momma yɛnte ‘alarm nhyehyɛe’ yi ase!
Fa wo nipadua no sɛ abankɛse kɛse. Mast cells te sɛ kɔkɔbɔ nhyehyɛe bi a wɔde ahyɛ saa abankɛse no afasu ho baabiara. Saa alarm nhyehyɛe yi ayɛ krado bere nyinaa sɛ ɛbɛbɔ nipadua no ho ban afi atamfo a wofi akyi, kyerɛ sɛ, ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa, ne awuduru te sɛ ɔwɔ awuduru ne wasp awuduru ho.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ mast cells nkɔ tẽẽ nkɔko tia mmoawa. Nea wɔyɛ ne sɛ "wɔde alarm no si hɔ" bere a ɔtamfo bi aba na wɔde nkra akɔma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nkae (mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa afoforo).
Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea saa adeyɛ yi kɔ so no nkɔ akyiri kakra:
1. Ɔtamfo no a Wobehu: Nea edi kan no, sɛ ɔyare mmoawa foforo anaa ade a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew hyɛn wo nipadua mu a, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã bi a wɔfrɛ no B-cells hu.
2. Akode titiriw a wɔyɛ: Bere a B-nkwaboaa ahu ɔtamfo no akyi no, wofi ase yɛ nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa bi a ɛyɛ saa ɔtamfo no pɔtee. Wɔfrɛ saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi immunoglobulin E (IgE) .
3. Akode a wɔde bɛhyɛ awɛmfo:Saa IgE antibodies a wɔayɛ yi kɔ na ɛbata mast cells, yɛn asɛm no mu abran no ani. Ɛte sɛ nea wode akode ama ɔwɛmfo.
4. Alarm no bɔ: Seesei mast cells no de wɔn IgE akode ahorow no ayɛ krado kɛse. Bere foforo a ɔtamfo koro no ara (i.e. ɔyare mmoawa anaa allergen koro no ara) bɛsan akɔ nipadua no mu bio no, IgE a ɛbata mast cells no ho no bɛkyere no. Ɛno ne bere a mast cells no ``yɛ adwuma''.
5. Histamine ntua: Sɛ mast cells no yɛ adwuma a, ɛma nnuru pii a wɔde asie wɔ mu no fi adi prɛko pɛ. Nnuru yi mu nea ɛho hia sen biara ne histamine .
Momma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛba yɛn nipadua mu bere a nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no histamine fi adi no.
| Dɛn na ɛba esiane histamine nti? | Nea efi mu ba (sɛnea wote nka) . |
|---|---|
| Ɛtrɛw mogya ntini mu, na ɛma nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no tumi du beae hɔ ntɛm. | Wora a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɔhyew ne beae a ɛho ahonhon. |
| Ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛba no yɛ kɛse. | Hwene a ɛretu, ahurututu, ɔfe. |
| Ɛma ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ ɔhome kwan ne aduan mu ntini mu no twetwe. | Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (te sɛ ayamtu), yafunu mu yaw, ɔfe, anaa akisikuru. |
| Ɛkanyan ntini ahorow a ɛba awiei. | Wora a ɛyɛ wo yaw, akisikuru (hives). |
Seesei wote nea ɛba nipadua no so bere a yɛwɔ allergy no ase, ɛnte saa? Ɛwom sɛ wɔyɛ eyinom nyinaa de bɔ yɛn ho ban de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa mmuae yi mu yɛ den dodo.
Ɛhe na saa mast cells yi dɔɔso sen biara wɔ nipadua no mu?
Saa awɛmfo yi mu dodow no ara gyina apon atitiriw a mmoawa ne nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew a efi abɔnten kɔ yɛn mu no so. Ɛyɛ:
- Ɔhome kwan ne ahurututu: Bɔ wo ho ban fi nneɛma a ɛka mframa a yɛhome no ho.
- Digestive system (GI tract): Bɔ wo ho ban fi mmoawa a ɛka nneɛma a yedi ne nea yɛnom ho.
- Wora: Bɔ wo ho ban fi nneɛma a ɛfa honam ani hwɛbea no ho.
- Saa nkwammoaa yi nso wɔ mogya ntini ne ntini ahorow ho .
Dɛn ne nyarewa a ebetumi aba sɛ ɛbata mast cells ho?
Sɛ mast cells ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, nyarewa ahorow betumi aba. Ebinom abu so na wonim no yiye.
| Aduruyɛ mu tebea | Nnianim asɛm tiawa |
|---|---|
| Tebea horow a ɛtaa ba |
|
| Tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi |
Hwɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi yiye.
Mast cell yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ:
- Wora a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛyɛ wo yaw, ɔhyew a wɔte nka.
- Nipadua no afã horow a ɛho ahonhon (edema).
- Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
- Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew a emu yɛ den (anaphylaxis).
Sɛ wotaa hu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ afotu sen sɛ wobɛsa wo ho yare.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu saa tebea horow yi? Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?
Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ mast cell yare bi a egyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so a, obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow.
- Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu
- Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu
- Allergy honam ani nhwehwɛmu
- Ɛtɔ da bi a, wɔfa nnompe mu ntini anaa honam ani hwɛbea ketewaa bi de yɛ nhwehwɛmu (`biopsy`).
Ɛsono ayaresa a wobetumi apaw wɔ ɔyarefo biara mu na egyina tebea no su so. Ebia ayaresa a wɔtaa de di dwuma no bi ne:
- Kwati nneɛma a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew: Nea wo ho yɛ wo hyew a wubehu na woatwe wo ho afi ho.
- Nnuru: Nnuru a wɔde ma de siw yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ano. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne nnuru a ekum histamine ne montelukast.
- Mast cell stabilizers: Saa nnuru yi yɛ adwuma denam nnuru te sɛ histamine a efi mast cells mu no a wogyae so.
- Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ntɛm: Nnuru te sɛ epinephrine a wɔde sa anaphylaxis a emu yɛ den.
Kae sɛ, oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo mu no na osi ayaresa yi nyinaa ho gyinae. Enti, di n’akwankyerɛ akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Awiei koraa no, so mast cells ye anaasɛ enye?
Nnipa dodow no ara te mast cells ho asɛm bere a wɔwɔ tebea bi a ɛhaw adwene te sɛ allergy nkutoo, enti ebia wobesusuw sɛ ɛyɛ ade bɔne. Nanso nokwarem no, mast cells yɛ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe no fã a ɛho hia na ɛho hia yiye.
Mpɛn pii no, wɔbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ne mmoawa ho. Ɛyɛ bere a wɔn ani gye dodo kakra no na yɛn ho yɛ yɛn yaw. Te sɛ awɛmfo kuw bi a wɔyɛ nsi dodo a wɔde ogya too akuraa no nyinaa ase sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkyere owifo ketewaa bi.
Enti, bere foforo a wobɛfefe anaasɛ wobɛtwetwe wo ho no, fi komam da saa mast cell nketewa yi ase. Efisɛ wɔyɛ adwumaden paa de bɔ wo ho ban!
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Mast cells yɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛho hia wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa mu a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi mmoawa ho.
- Tebea horow te sɛ akisikuru, ayamtu, ne honam ani akisikuru ba bere a saa mast cells yi yɛ wɔn ade boro so wɔ nneɛma a asiane nnim mpo ho na ɛma nnuru te sɛ histamine fi adi no.
- Sɛ wotaa nya akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne anaasɛ emu yɛ den (te sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, w’anim a ɛho ahonhon) a, mmu w’ani ngu so.
- Wɔ tebea biara a ɛte saa mu no, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔfata nkyɛn na woanya afotu ne ayaresa a ɛfata, sen sɛ w’ankasa wubesi gyinae.
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