So wo mogya mu nkwammoaa ntumi nhyehyɛ yiye? Momma yensua Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) ho ade!

So wote nka sɛ woabrɛ na woabrɛ bere nyinaa? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛhome bere a woayɛ adwuma kakra mpo awie no? Anaasɛ wuhu akuru ne mogya a ɛretu wo nipadua no baabiara? Ɛwom mpo sɛ wususuw sɛ eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛfata de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebia ntease bi wɔ eyi akyi a ɛsɛ sɛ wodwen ho kakra. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tebea a ɛte saa biako ho asɛm, a ɛne myelodysplastic syndrome.

Dɛn ne myelodysplastic yare (MDS)?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nea Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) yi yɛ. Nnipa binom nso frɛ no Myelodysplasia. Nnansa yi ara, wɔsan frɛ no Myelodysplastic Neoplasm. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ kokoram bi . Nanso nea ɛba wɔ eyi mu ne sɛ nkwammoaa atitiriw a ɛyɛ mogya wɔ yɛn nipadua mu – yɛfrɛ no (hematopoietic stem cells) – nnyinii yiye, kyerɛ sɛ, ennyin yiye. Saa nkwammoaa yi wɔ yɛn nnompe mu. Enti ɔhaw no fi ase bere a saa nkwammoaa atitiriw yi nnyin yiye na ɛbɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw no.

Sɛ wo nipadua no nni mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛdɔɔso a, wubetumi anya tebea horow a emu yɛ den te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu. Wubetumi nso anya nyarewa mpɛn pii na mogya atɔ wo mpɛn pii. Wɔ nnipa binom fam no, MDS betumi asɛe na abɛyɛ kokoram a wɔfrɛ no acute myeloid leukemia (AML) .

Saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no MDS no ho yɛ na koraa . Wɔ United States no, ɛka nnipa bɛyɛ baanan wɔ nnipa 100,000 biara mu afe biara. Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ MDS a, wo nnuruyɛfo bɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma yare no akɔ so brɛoo, adi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so, na wɔasa ɔhaw biara a ebetumi aba.

MDS ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?

Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ MDS tebea yi mu ahorow pii. Wɔhwɛ nea efi sɔhwɛ ahorow pii mu ba. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea saa sɔhwɛ ahorow no hwehwɛ:

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ne fitaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow: Sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no sua a, yɛfrɛ no mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woabrɛ paa na wo home ayɛ wo yaw.
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa a ennyinii, anaa mpaapaemu: Saa nneɛma a ɛpae yi te sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ennyinii. Wogye baabi a ɛdɔɔso dodo wɔ nnompe mu, na ɛma ɛyɛ den ma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw sɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ. Sɛ wunni mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛdɔɔso a, ebia wubenya nyarewa mpɛn pii. Na sɛ wunni mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma apɔwmuden a ɛdɔɔso a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wubegyae mogya a ɛretu wo.
• Sideroblasts a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu:Eyinom yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ennyinii. Nea ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wɔn ho ne sɛ sɛ́ anka wɔde dade bɛyɛ hemoglobin no, wɔkora dade so. Wunim, hemoglobin yɛ protein a ɛboa yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ma ɛde mframa pa kɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa. Dade ho hia ma eyi. Enti, sɛ nyarewa ho animdefo hu saa sideroblasts yi a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo hemoglobin no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Nkwammoaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnteɛ: Chromosomes yɛ yɛn nkwammoaa no afã horow a awosu mu nkwaadɔm wom. DNA na ɛyɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm. Sɛ nneɛma bi a ɛnteɛ wɔ saa chromosomes yi mu a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ biribi aka wo DNA na ama nsakrae aba chromosomes a ɛwɔ wo mogya nkwammoaa mu no mu.

Dɛn ne myelodysplastic syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Kae sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebia wowɔ MDS a worenkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, wohu tebea no wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa no. Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw a nnipa pii hu ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛba fam, anaa mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu. Nanso, mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne MDS ho sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ayɛ te sɛ tebea afoforo a ɛnyɛ den pii de.

Enti, sɛ wuhu nsakrae a ɛwɔ ase ha no bi, titiriw sɛ ankɔ wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi akyi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wuntumi nhome a (yɛfrɛ eyi dyspnea).
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ woayɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ woabrɛ kɛse , na ɔbrɛ no ano ntew bere a woagye w’ahome pii mpo a.
• Sɛ wuhu sɛ wo honam ani yɛ mmerɛw sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ a. Ebia sɛ wo honam ani yɛ tuntum a, oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ sɛ kɔla bi ayera wɔ w’aniwa ase, w’ano mu, ne wo hwene mu anaa.
• Sɛ wopirapira anaa mogya tu wo ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ a.
• Sɛ wuhu nsensanee kɔkɔɔ nketenkete a ɛyɛ pin-point wɔ wo honam ani a, eyinom betumi ayɛ petechiae, mogya ntini nketenkete a ɛwɔ honam ani.
• Sɛ wotaa nya atiridiinini ho nyarewa a .

Dɛn na ɛde MDS ba?

Ɛte sɛ nea akwan atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so nya MDS. Biako ne sɛ wode wo ho bɛhyɛ dwumadi ahorow bi mu a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya saa yare yi yɛ kɛse no so. Ɔfoforo no nam awosu mu tebea horow bi a wonya fi awo mu so.

Dwumadi ahorow a wobetumi de abata MDS ho

• Bere a wɔanya nnuru anaa mframa a wɔde sa yare wɔ kokoram bi a atwam ho. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi sɛ MDS a ɛfa ayaresa ho (tMDS). Mpɛn pii no, tMDS ho sɛnkyerɛnne da adi bɛyɛ mfe anum kosi ason wɔ ayaresa akyi.
• Nneɛma bi a ɛma kokoram, a tawa wusiw, nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawa, ne nnuru a wɔde siw kokoram te sɛ benzene ka ho a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu.
• Dade a emu yɛ duru te sɛ mercury anaa kɔbere a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu.

Tebea horow a wonya fi awo mu a ebia ɛne MDS wɔ abusuabɔ

Nnipa a wɔwɔ yare no mu 4% kosi 15% anya awosu mu tebea horow a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya yare no yɛ kɛse. Tebea horow a ɛtete saa no bi ne:

• Fanconi mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu: Eyi yɛ awosu mu tebea a ɛntaa nsi a wo nnompe mu ntini ntumi mma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛdɔɔso.
• Dyskeratosis congenita: Eyi yɛ awosu mu tebea foforo a ɛntaa nsi. Ɛha nso, wo nnompe mu ntini no ntumi mma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛdɔɔso.
• Diamond-Blackfan mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu: Eyi yɛ mogya mu yare a ɛntaa nsi a wo nnompe mu ntini ntumi mma mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛdɔɔso.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya myelodysplastic syndrome?

Nnuruyɛfo di anammɔn pii akyi de hu MDS tebea yi:

• Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC) ne nsonsonoe nhwehwɛmu: Wogye mogya fi wo hɔ na wɔyɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ne fitaa mu nhwehwɛmu. Ɛsan nso kan mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow biara dodow.
• Peripheral blood smear: Eyi hwɛ sɛ nsakrae aba mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no kɛse, ne su, ne nsusuwii, ne ne kɛse mu, ne sɛ ebia wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no wɔ iron pii anaa.
• Nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu: Aduruyɛ mu ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ mogya mu hwɛ mogya bi hwɛ sɛ nsakrae bi aba wo mogya nkwammoaa mu nkwaadɔm mu anaa.
• Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi a, ɔde ade a ɛyɛ tokuru hyɛ w’asen dompe mu, gye nnompe mu ntini, mogya, ne dompe bi, na ɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu.

Dɛn ne myelodysplastic syndrome no fã ahorow?

Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ tebea no mu afã horow a egyina asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yare no bɛkɔ so abɛyɛ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) so. Wɔde nhyehyɛe bi a wɔde kyerɛ asiane a wɔfrɛ no International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) di dwuma . Nneɛma bi a nnuruyɛfo susuw ho ni:

• Sɛ́ ebia wowɔ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, mogya a ɛretu, anaa ɔyare mmoawa ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi.
• Wowɔ asiane mu sɛ wubenya mogya mu kokoram.
• Nsakrae bi a ɛba wo chromosomes mu.
• Sɛ́ ebia wunyaa MDS bere a woanya nnuru anaa mframa a wɔde sa kokoram akyi no.
• Wo mfe a woadi ne w’akwahosan nyinaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa myelodysplastic syndrome?

Nnuruyɛfo susuw nneɛma pii ho bere a wɔreyɛ MDS ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe no:

• MDS ko a wowɔ.
• Sɛ́ ebia wowɔ tebea horow te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, mogya a ɛtɔ, anaa ɔyare mmoawa a efi MDS mu ba no.
• Sɛ́ ebia wunyaa MDS bere a woanya nnuru anaa mframa a wɔde sa kokoram akyi no.
• wo mfe a woadi.
• W’akwahosan nyinaa.

Ebia nea ɛka myelodysplastic syndrome ayaresa ho ne ɔhwɛ a ɛboa ne ayaresa a ɛsɛe mogya nkwammoaa a enni apɔwmuden .

Ɔhwɛ a Ɛboa

Ebia eyi bi ne:

• Mogya a wɔde ma anaa mogya a wɔde ma: Sɛ mogya atɔ wo a, wubetumi de mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ama wo. Sɛ mogya tu ho haw wo a, wubetumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu.
• Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA): Saa ayaresa yi ma wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛho akokwaw dodow kɔ soro.
• Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa: MDS betumi aka wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, na ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔyare mmoawa no ayɛ kɛse. Enti, wobetumi de nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ama.

Ayaresa a wɔde beyi mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ papa afi hɔ

Ebia eyi bi ne:

• Nnuru a wɔde sa yare: Nnuru a wɔde sa acute myeloid leukemia (AML) no ara na wobetumi de adi dwuma ama eyi.
• Aduru a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Wɔde saa ayaresa yi di dwuma ma MDS ahorow nketenkete bi. Saa ayaresa yi siw nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so no ano na ebetumi aboa ma mogya a wɔde ma no so atew.
• Stem cell transplant: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode stem cells besi w’ankasa wo mogya mu nkwammoaa ananmu, sɛ́ ebia efi wo anaa obi a ɔde ma no. Wogye saa ntini mu nkwammoaa yi fi wo mogya anaa wo nnompe mu. Wɔde saa nkwammoaa yi sie frigye mu bere a worenya nnuru no, afei wɔma ɛyɛ nwini na wɔsan de kɔ wo nipadua mu denam ntini a wɔde fa mu so. Afei wɔma saa nkwammoaa yi nyin wɔ wo nipadua mu na ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa foforo.

Saa ayaresa yi mu biara betumi anya nsunsuanso bɔne ne nsɛnnennen ahorow. Sɛ woresusuw ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo no nsunsuanso bɔne ne nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ ɔkwan biara so no ho asɛm.

Ebia nnipa a wɔwɔ myelodysplasia no benya mfaso afi ayaresa a wɔde brɛ wɔn ho ase mu . Saa ɔhwɛ yi betumi aboa ma wɔadi MDS ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nea efi ayaresa mu ba no ho dwuma. Na nea ɛho hia no, ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi adwennwen a ɛwɔ yare a enni sabea a ɛte saa a wobɛtra mu no ho dwuma.

So wobetumi asa myelodysplastic yare no?

Ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobetumi afa so asa MDS koraa ne sɛ wɔde ntini mu nkwammoaa bɛma obi foforo a edi mu . Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, ɛnyɛ obiara na obetumi anya saa ayaresa yi. Bisa wo duruyɛfo sɛ ebia nipadua foforo a wɔde bɛma wo yi fata wo na sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho anaa.

Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ myelodysplastic syndrome nkwa nna?

Myelodysplastic syndrome yɛ akwahosan ho haw a emu yɛ den a ebetumi de tebea horow a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu aba.Afei nso, eyi yɛ akwahosan ho asɛm a emu yɛ den yiye, na ɛsono sɛnea ɛka obiara. Wo duruyɛfo ne nea eye sen biara a obenya nsɛm a ɛfa w’ankorankoro tebea ne nea ɛbɛba daakye ho.

So wobetumi asiw myelodysplastic syndrome ano?

Dabi, nanso sɛ wɔte nneɛma a ɛde MDS ba no ase a, ebetumi aboa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔahu MDS na wɔasa no ntɛm. Myelodysplastic syndrome ne nnuru a wɔde sa yare ne mframa a wɔde sa yare, ne nnuru ne dade a emu yɛ duru bi a wɔde di dwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm ne nnuru ne dade a emu yɛ duru biara a ɛbɛn wo bere tenten ho asɛm. Wobetumi aboa wo ma woasusuw asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ ankasa ho.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Ɛsono sɛnea MDS ka obiara. Nnipa binom wɔ MDS nanso wonni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Sɛ eyi te saa wɔ wo fam a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu asram abiɛsa biara mfa nhwɛ nsakrae a aba wo mogya mu nkwammoaa mu. Sɛ wowɔ MDS na worenya ɔhwɛ a ɛboa, te sɛ mogya a wɔde ma a, ebia wubehia ayaresa foforo na ama mogya a wɔde ma no so atew. Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ de aboa w’ayaresa no ni:

• Sɛ wode tawa ho nneɛma (a sigaretnom ne vaping ka ho) di dwuma a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde gyae tawanom ho asɛm.
• Kura mu duru a ɛfata mu ma wo ho.
• Hwehwɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a w’ani gye ho na yɛ no mpɛn pii sɛnea wubetumi.
• Kae sɛ MDS yɛ yare a enni sabea, na nnuruyɛfo betumi asa nanso wɔrensa. Ɛnyɛ obiara na ɔbɛte nea worefa mu no ase. Sɛ wo ne afoforo a wɔafa nneɛma koro no ara mu a wo ne wɔn bɛkasa a, wubetumi aboa. Wo nnuruyɛ kuw no betumi aboa wo ma woanya nhyehyɛe ne nneɛma a ɛte sɛ eyinom.

Ɛwom sɛ MDS yɛ yare a enni sabea de, nanso ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotra ase a wunni anidaso. Ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi tebea no so.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a egye ntɛmpɛ?

Myelodysplastic syndrome betumi de mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, mogyatɔw ho haw ahorow, ne ɔyare mmoawa aba. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ mu sɛ wowɔ:

• Sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew digrii Celsius 38.3 (digrii Fahrenheit 100.4) anaa nea ɛboro saa a, atiridii yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia woanya ɔyare mmoawa.
• Sɛ mogya retu wo a wuntumi nni so a.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Esiane sɛ myelodysplastic syndrome yɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi nti, ebia wubenya nsɛmmisa pii wɔ ho. Nsɛmmisa bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo ni:

• So MDS yɛ kokoram?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na MDS ka me?
• So me MDS no de akwahosan ho haw a emu yɛ den bɛba? Sɛ saa a, ɛnde dɛn?
• Minni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de akyɛ tebea horow a ɛfa MDS ho no nkɔso?

Nkrasɛm a Etwa To a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Sɛ wowɔ myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) a, ɛyɛ kokoram bi a ɛyɛ yare a enni sabea. Yare biara nni hɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nanso sɛ wo ne yare a enni sabea bɛtra ase a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wubedi nkate mu nkɛntɛnso a ebetumi anya no ho dwuma. Nanso MDS a wobɛtra no nkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wugyae anidaso. Ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi MDS so. Ebia wobɛfata ama ayaresabea sɔhwɛ a ɛrehwehwɛ ayaresa foforo a wɔde sa myelodysplastic syndrome. Nneɛma bi nso wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ ama wo ho. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no asetra mu nsakrae te sɛ adidi pa ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho. Saa nneɛma yi betumi aboa wo ma woanya apɔwmuden sɛnea wubetumi biara. Nsuro da, na mma wo nkutoo nhu amane. Ka biribiara ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo, na nya mmoa a wuhia.

` Myelodysplastic syndrome, MDS, myelodysplasia, mogya mu kokoram, nnompe mu ntini, mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, mogya mu nkwammoaa