So wo ba no koma reyɛ nnyigyei soronko bi? Momma yɛnka PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus) ho asɛm .

Ɛna anaa agya a ɔwɔ akokoaa a wɔawo no foforo betumi ate ehu nka kɛse sɛ wohu nsakrae ketewaa bi wɔ wɔn ba no mu mpo a. Enti sɛ oduruyɛfo no hwehwɛ akokoaa no mu na ɔka sɛ, "Koma mu nwiinwii ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ" a, anka wobɛhaw wo ho dɛn? Nanso mma nsuro. Ɛnnɛ yɛreka komayare bi a wɔtaa hu wɔ nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ eyi Patent Ductus Arteriosus, anaa PDA sɛnea wɔfrɛ no wɔ nnuruyɛfo mu tiawa no.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne saa PDA yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, momma yɛnsan nkɔ bere a akokoaa no wɔ ɛna no awotwaa mu no so. Fa no sɛ, akokoaa no nhome bere a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no. Akokoaa no nam ɛna no awotwaa mu hama so nya mframa pa a ohia. Enti, akokoaa no ahurututu ntumi nyɛ adwuma saa bere no. Enti, ɔkwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ, te sɛ ‘bypass’ nkitahodi, wɔ ntini titiriw a ɛde mogya fi koma no mu kɔ nipadua no mu (aorta) ne ntini a ɛde mogya kɔ ahurututu mu (ahurututu mu ntini) ntam. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no wɔ aduruyɛ mu `(ductus arteriosus)`. Ne dwumadi ne sɛ ɛbɛfa ahurututu a entumi nyɛ adwuma no ho, na ɛde mogya akɔ nipadua no fã a aka no mu.

Sɛ wɔwo akokoaa no na ɔhome nea edi kan a, ahurututu no fi ase yɛ adwuma. Afei ɛho nhia sɛ wɔfa saa ‘bypass’ kwan no. Enti mpɛn pii no wɔ akokoaa no awo akyi nna kakraa a edi kan no mu no , mogya ntini yi bɛtew na n’ankasa ato mu.

Nanso wɔ nkokoaa binom mu no, mogya ntini a wɔfrɛ no ``ductus arteriosus'' yi ntumi ntoto yiye. Egyaw tokuru ketewaa bi. Ɛno nti na yɛfrɛ no Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa PDA tebea yi ka akokoaa no?

Afei, dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔanto saa bypass no mu no? Mogya a ɛwɔ ntini titiriw a ɛde mogya kɔ nipadua no mu, aorta, mu no yɛ kɛse. Nhyɛso a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛde mogya kɔ ahurututu mu, ahurututu mu ntini no mu no sua. Enti, fa tokuru yi mu no, mogya dodow bi a ɛho nhia sen fi baabi a nhyɛso kɛse kɔ baabi a nhyɛso a ɛba fam, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛkɔ ahurututu mu.

Eyi de ɔhaw atitiriw abien ba:

1. Adwuma pii ma koma ne ahurututu: Ɛsɛ sɛ akokoaa no koma ne n’ahurututu yɛ adwumaden kɛse na ama wɔatumi abɔ mogya a ɛboro so yi nyinaa.

2. Ahurututu a ɛsɛe: Sɛ tebea yi kɔ so a wɔansa a, mogya mmoroso a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu no betumi akɔ soro, na ɛde tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu mogya mmoroso aba. Eyi nso betumi asɛe mogya ntini a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu no.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya saa PDA yi?

Ɛwom sɛ tebea yi betumi aba akokoaa biara so de, nanso nkokoaa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu.

• Nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn ntɛm:Eyi ne asiane kuw titiriw. Dodow a adapɛn kakraa bi na wɔwo akokoaa no, dodow no ara na ɛda adi sɛ obenya PDA. Nkokoaa a wɔwo wɔn ansa na wɔadi adapɛn 28 no mu bɛyɛ 80% tumi hu saa tebea yi.
• Nkokoaa a wɔyɛ mmea: Saa tebea yi taa ba nkokoaa a wɔyɛ mmea mu sen nkokoaa mmarima.
• Awosu mu nneɛma a ɛde ba: PDA betumi aba wɔ awosu mu yare ahorow bi ho.
• Rubella yareɛ a ɛba ɛna no so wɔ nyinsɛn mu: Sɛ ɛna no nya German akisikuru wɔ nyinsɛn mu a, asiane kɛse wom sɛ akokoaa no benya PDA.

Dɛn ne PDA ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne no gu ahorow gyina PDA no kɛse so. Ebia PDA ketewaa bi renkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne biara . Ebia koma mu nwiinwii bi a oduruyɛfo no betumi de afiri a wɔde tie asɛm ate nkutoo na ɛbɛba. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ PDA a ɛkɔ fam kosi kɛse a, ebia wubehu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyi, Oduruyɛfo?

Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi wɔ wo ba no mu a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ oduruyɛfo no rehwɛ wo ba no a, obetumi ate ``mfiri nwiinwii`` wɔ koma no mu. Eyi ne bere a wosusuw sɛ PDA bi wɔ hɔ.

Afei, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobesi eyi so dua no, wɔde wo bɛkɔ Mmofra Koma Ho Oduruyɛfo nkyɛn . Obetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a edidi so yi:

• Echocardiogram (Echo): Eyi ne nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia na ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen biara . Ɛte sɛ koma no mu nhwehwɛmu. Etumi hu biribiara pefee te sɛ sɛ ebia PDA no wɔ hɔ anaa, sɛnea ɛsõ, ne mogya dodow a ɛresen fa mu. Eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ yaw.
• Chest X-ray: Chest X-ray tumi hwɛ sɛ koma no ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ mogya pii sen kɔ ahurututu no mu dodo.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛnea koma no anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma a, wobetumi ahu sɛ ebia koma no ayɛ basaa dodo anaa.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa PDA?

Wɔnam mfe a akokoaa no adi, ne mu duru, n’akwahosan tebea, ne PDA no kɛse so na ɛkyerɛ ayaresa. Ɛnyɛ PDA nyinaa na wɔsa bere koro mu.

1. Twɛn a Wɔwɛn

Sɛ ɛyɛ PDA ketewaa bi pɛ, na ɛnsɛe akokoaa no a, ebia oduruyɛfo no besi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛtwɛn kakra. Efisɛ wɔn mu binom wɔ wɔn ankasa mu na wɔto mu. Nanso ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ so kɔ oduruyɛfo ayaresabea hɔ kɔhwɛ wɔn wɔ saa bere yi mu.

2. Nnuru a wɔde sa yare

Titiriw ma nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn ntɛm , wɔde nnuru bi (e.g., Ibuprofen, Indomethacin) ma denam nnuru a wɔde twitwiw wɔn so de bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛto PDA yi mu. Saa nnuru yi boa ma mogya ntini no twetwe na ɛto mu. Eyi di yiye wɔ adapɛn kakraa a edi kan wɔ akokoaa no awo akyi nkutoo.

3. Koma mu Catheter a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu

Eyi nyɛ oprehyɛn. Wɔma akokoaa no aduru koraa, na wɔde afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa paa (catheter) fa mogya ntini bi a ɛwɔ ne srɛ mu mu na ɛkyerɛ no kwan kɔ koma no mu. Afei, wɔde afiri ketewaa bi (anaasɛ coil) fa tube no mu na wɔto PDA tokuru no mu. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi ma nkokoaa a wɔn mu duru boro so kakra a wɔadi asram kakraa bi. Mfaso a ɛwɔ saa kwan yi so ne sɛ, ɛho nhia sɛ wɔkyekyere akokoaa no, enti akokoaa no tumi ho tɔ no ntɛm na wakɔ fie.

4. Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, titiriw wɔ nkokoaa a wɔmfata sɛ wɔde catheter gu wɔn mu anaasɛ sɛ PDA no sõ yiye a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn. Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no twa ade ketewaa bi wɔ koko no nkyɛn, wɔ abasa no ase, na ɔde nhama anaa dade ketewaa bi to PDA no mu.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ ayaresa akyi?

Sɛ wɔsa akokoaa no yare na wɔto PDA no mu wie a, mogya no san kɔ sɛnea na ɛte kan no. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no de nkakrankakra yera koraa.

Sɛ wɔsa wo yare wie a, oduruyɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa bɛyɛ asram 6 na amma woasiw komayare (endocarditis) ano. Ɛho hia paa nso sɛ wobɛkɔ ayaresabea bere ano na wode akyerɛ akokoaa no.

Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu ntɛm ara

Sɛ wunim sɛ wo ba no wɔ PDA a, sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne foforo biara ba a, frɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara (e.g., nufusu a ɔnom so tew, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome).

Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo ba no sɛ ɔbɛhome mpofirim anaasɛ n’ano dane bruu a, fa no kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn no no Dwumadibea a Ɛhwɛ Nneɛma a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) a ntwentwɛn ne nan ase.