Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ahu aniwa ahwehwɛ dodow pɔtee? Momma yɛnka Retinoscopy ho asɛm!

So wɔayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn? Sɛ wokɔ a, oduruyɛfo no bisa wo sɛ, "So eyi mu da hɔ?", "So eyi ye sen kan no?" Mmuae a yɛde ma no na ɛkyerɛ yɛn ahwehwɛ dodow. Nanso so woasusuw sɛnea wobɛhwehwɛ ahwehwɛ dodow bi ama akokoaa ketewaa bi a ontumi nkasa yiye, anaasɛ obi a onyin esiane onyin nti ntumi nkae ade no ho pɛn? Ɛno nti na sɔhwɛ a yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ a wɔfrɛ no `Retinoscopy` no ho hia yiye.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne `Retinoscopy`?

Retinoscopy yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a ɛma aniwa ho oduruyɛfo tumi susuw mfomso a ɛwɔ w’ani a ɛma wotumi hwɛ ade mu no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔde adwinnade titiriw bi a wɔde nsa di dwuma ne hann a ɛsan fi retina a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no mu ba.

Ɛwom sɛ mfiridwuma anya nkɔso na akwan foforo wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so susuw aniwa mu dɛmdi de, nanso saa kwan a wɔfrɛ no `Retinoscopy` yi da so ara agye din kɛse wɔ wiase nyinaa. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ade a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ bere a wɔreyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa no.

Mfaso kɛse a ɛwɔ eyi so ne sɛ wobetumi de ahwehwɛ wɔn a wontumi nka wɔn yaw ho asɛm yiye no aniwa mu. Wo de susuw ho hwɛ, wobɛyɛ dɛn ama akokoaa ketewa bi ahwehwɛ? Ɔnte ase sɛ ebia obetumi ahu nkrataa no anaasɛ ontumi nhu. Afei nso, wɔ obi a ontumi nkasa, ɔwɔ adwenemhaw, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den ma no sɛ ɔne no bɛbɔ esiane onyin ne amemene mu nyarewa nti mpo fam no, wobetumi afa saa kwan yi so ahu ahwehwɛ dodow a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ yiye.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma? Ɛyɛ nwonwa!

Nnyinasosɛm titiriw a ɛwɔ `Retinoscopy` sɔhwɛ no mu no yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Egyina ɔkwan a hann fa so hyɛn w’aniwa mu, fa aniwa no mu, na afei ɛbɔ `Retina` a ɛwɔ aniwa no akyi na ɛdannan no akyi.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, sɛ wɔde hann a ɛhyerɛn sɛnea ɛsɛ hyerɛn kɔ aniwa no mu tẽẽ a, ɛte sɛ nea aniwa no hyerɛn esiane sɛ ɛsan fi aniwa no mu ba nti. Ebia woahu sɛ ɔkraman aniwa hyerɛn anadwo. Saa na ɛte. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi fundus reflex anaa red reflex.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔ obi a n’ani hu ade yiye, kyerɛ sɛ, ohu ade 20/20 mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ hann mframa a ɛdannan fi retina a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no fi adi bere a efi aniwa no mu no di nsɛ. Nanso sɛ wowɔ refractive error a, saa hann mframa yi kotow wɔ akwan horow so esiane saa mfomso no nti. Afei wonpue a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ.

Wɔ `Retinoscopy` sɔhwɛ mu no, oduruyɛfo no de ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ tumi ahorow si w'ani anim na ɔhwɛ sɛ ahwehwɛ bɛn na ɛma hann mframa no san kɔ aniwa no mu. Tumi a ahwehwɛ a wuhu no wɔ no bɛyɛ nɔma a wɔkyerɛw ma w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no.

Saa nhwehwɛmu yi nso betumi aboa ma wɔahu aniwa mu tebea afoforo, sɛ nhwɛso no:

• Amblyopia (aniwa a ɛyɛ ɔkwasea): Anisoadehu a ɛwɔ aniwa biako mu no yɛ mmerɛw sen foforo no.
• Presbyopia (obi a obi anyin a ɛma wuhu ade yiye): Sɛ wuntumi nhu nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo pefee bere a worenyin no.
• Strabismus (ani a wɔatwa): Ntumi mma aniwa abien no nyinaa nkyerɛ ɔkwan koro so.

So ɛsɛ sɛ wusiesie wo ho ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Mpɛn pii no, enhia sɛ woyɛ biribi titiriw biara de asiesie wo ho ama retinoscopy. Nanso, wɔ nsɛm a ɛntaa nsi mu no, ebia ebehia sɛ woyɛ biribi titiriw bi. Sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ a, wo duruyɛfo bɛma woahu ho asɛm ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a, ɛbɛkyerɛ wo nnɔnhwerew dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyi fi mu ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no nso akyerɛ wo.

Ansa na wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ retinoscopy a wɔyɛ no daa no, ɔde aniwa mu nsu soronko bɛhyɛ w’ani so. Wɔfrɛ eyinom sɛ nnuru a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew. Saa nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam yi mma w’ani ntumi mfa n’adwene nsi biribi so bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Sɛ wɔanyɛ saa a, w’ani bɛtwe adwene asi so ara kwa, na ɛbɛma ayɛ den ama oduruyɛfo no sɛ obenya nɔma a ɛfata ama w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no.

Nanso, sɛ oduruyɛfo no rekɔyɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no `dynamic retinoscopy` a, ɛnde wɔremfa saa `(cycloplegic)` aniwa mu nnuru yi nni dwuma. Efisɛ saa sɔhwɛ no gyina sɛnea w’ani tumi de n’adwene si ade so fi awosu mu no so.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Wɔ `retinoscopy` sɔhwɛ mu no, wɔbɛtena nkongua so wɔ dan bi a emu ayɛ sum mu. Oduruyɛfo no bɛtra ase ahwɛ wo. Adwinnade titiriw a wɔde yɛ eyi ne `retinoscope`. Eyi yɛ afiri a wɔde nsa di dwuma a ɛte sɛ kanea ketewaa bi a wɔde ahwehwɛ kɛse bi abata ho. Wɔayɛ hann no ne ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a oduruyɛfo no betumi ahyerɛn hann akɔ w’ani so bere koro mu na wahwɛ no yiye.

Afei, ɛsɛ sɛ wode ahwehwɛ a ɛsono tumi di dwuma na ama woahu sɛnea hann a efi aniwa no mu no sesa. Akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ eyi:

• `Phoropter` no: Eyi yɛ afiri kɛse bi a ne nsɛso te sɛ ntontom a ɛwɔ ntokuru abien ma w'ani. Sɛ wɔayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn a, ebia woahu eyi. Sɛ oduruyɛfo no sesa ahwehwɛ ahorow ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ so no a, obetumi ahwɛ nɔma ahorow ntɛm ara.
• Nsa a wɔde hwɛ ahwehwɛ:Eyinom betumi aba sɛ "lens card," a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde lens dodow bi a ɛsono tumi asisi kaad a ɛyɛ tratraa so. Anaasɛ, wobetumi ahyɛ ahwehwɛ ankorankoro mmiako mmiako wɔ aniwa no anim (ahwehwɛ a ɛho ayɛ hare).

Sɛ oduruyɛfo no nam saa ahwehwɛ yi so hyerɛn hann bi kɔ w’ani mu a, ɔbɛhwɛ nsakrae pii a ɛba hann a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no hyerɛn mu yiye.

Saa kwan yi so no, oduruyɛfo no de kanea no kɔ soro, ɛba fam, benkum, nifa, na ɔde kɔ soro mpɛn pii. Saa bere yi de, ɔsesa ahwehwɛ ahorow. Ebia ɔbɛyɛ saa adeyɛ yi mpɛn pii, agyina fã, asesa kanea a ɛwɔ `retinoscope` no so, na wakyerɛw nsɛm wɔ nhoma bi mu. Eyinom nyinaa yɛ sɔhwɛ no afã horow a ɛyɛ daa.

Ɔkwan titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no `Dynamic Retinoscopy`

Eyi yɛ ɔkwan titiriw foforo a wɔfa so yɛ `Retinoscopy` sɔhwɛ no. Eyi titiriw hwɛ sɛnea w`ani tumi `de n`adwene si` nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo so. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi `dabere`.

Wɔ saa `dynamic retinoscopy` sɔhwɛ yi mu no, womfa aniwa mu nsu nhyɛ w`ani mu sɛnea woaka dedaw no. Mmom no, wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ hwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri. Ebia nneɛma bi wɔ wo ne oduruyɛfo no ntam, na ebi nso wɔ oduruyɛfo no akyi. Bere a worehwɛ saa nneɛma yi no, wo duruyɛfo no nam `retinoscope` so hwɛ w'ani. Afei, ɛdenam ɔkwan a hann no fa so kɔ w’ani mu a ɔbɛhwɛ so no, obetumi ahu sɛ ebia w’ani no tumi a ɛde n’adwene si biribi so (gye) no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Sɛ wɔmaa wo cycloplegic eye drops maa wo sɔhwɛ no a, w’aniwa bɛtrɛw kakra wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ w’ani bɛtrɛw kakra. Bere a egye ansa na saa nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam yi asɛe no gu ahorow wɔ onipa biara mu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo bere tenten a ɛtaa gye.

Afei nso, ebia wɔbɛma wo ahobammɔ bere tiaa bi, te sɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ owia a wode hyɛ bere a worefi adi no. Efisɛ saa aniwa mu aduru yi mma w’aniwa tuntum no ntrɛw na ɛntwetwe n’ankasa. Wei kyerɛ sɛ wɔrentumi ntew hann a ɛhyɛn w’ani so bere a wowɔ baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ hann no so. Ne saa nti, ebia w’aniwa bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛrehyew kakra.

So asiane ahorow bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

Nokwarem no, `Retinoscopy` sɔhwɛ no yɛ sɔhwɛ a ahobammɔ wom yiye a asiane anaa nsunsuanso bɔne biara nni mu .

Cycloplegic eye drops a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no betumi de ɔhaw nketenkete aba, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm. Afei nso, sɔhwɛ no afã horow bi betumi ayɛ den ama obi a ɔte hann a ano yɛ den nka (photophobia). Sɛ wowɔ hann ho nkate bi a ɛte saa a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ansa na woayɛ nhwehwɛmu. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa nsunsuanso bɔne a ɛwɔ aniwa mu nnuru no mu ho a, wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo no ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne nea ebefi mu aba a menya? Dɛn na mɛyɛ akyi?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo no wie retinoscopy no wie a, obebu wo (anaa wo dɔfo) anisoadehu aduru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no ho akontaa. Saa nɔma yi te sɛ nɔma a wunya denam nsɛm a wubisa so. Oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea saa nɔma yi kyerɛ, ne sɛnea ɛka wo no mu.

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no si so dua sɛ wunni anisoadehu 20/20 a, dɛn na ɛba akyi?

Sɛ saa a, wo duruyɛfo no ne wo bɛkasa afa akwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so asiesie w’ani so ho. Nneɛma a wɔtaa paw ne ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade . Ebia nnipa binom nso bɛyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn a wɔde siesie wɔn ani te sɛ LASIK.

Ahwehwɛ pa te sɛ atade a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ. Aniwa ho oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ retinoscopy te sɛ obi a ne ho akokwaw a ɔpam ntade, na ɔde ne nsa pam nhama biara kosi sɛ wubenya saa nea ɛfata pɛpɛɛpɛ no. Saa kwan yi adi bɛboro mfe 150, nanso wɔda so ara de di dwuma wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa mu nnɛ. Enti, sɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo bi reyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi a, wubetumi anya awerɛhyem sɛ wo duruyɛfo no benya ahwehwɛ a eye sen biara ama wo.