Wususuw sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, aduan, ne nnuru nkutoo na ɛka w’akwahosan, kyerɛ sɛ wo yare no? Nokwarem no, nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛboro saa koraa, nneɛma a yensusuw ho mpo wɔ yɛn da biara da asetra mu, a ɛka yɛn akwahosan tẽẽ. Ɛnnɛ, yɛrebɛka nneɛma a ɛte saa ho asɛm, nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ w’akwahosan nanso ɛnyɛ aduruyɛ ho nyansahu fã.
Dɛn ne asetra mu nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ akwahosan? (Asetra mu Nneɛma a Ɛkyerɛ Akwahosan - SDOH)
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) yɛ ankorankoro, asetra, ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛka w’akwahosan ne wo yiyedi. Eyinom yɛ nneɛma te sɛ sika a wunya, baabi a wote, ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ saa beae no. Eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ w’asetra mu a wonte nka sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa ho asɛm, nneɛma a ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛfa aduruyɛ ho nyansahu ho.
Fa no sɛ wowɔ adwuma a egyina pintinn a akatua pa, ofie fɛfɛ, ne ayaresabea pa a ɛbɛn wo a sɛ woyare a wobɛkɔ. Ɛda adi sɛ onipa a ɔte saa no benya aduan pa a ahoɔden wom, anom nnuru wɔ bere ano, na sɛ ɛho hia a, obenya kar akɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
Afei susuw obi foforo ho. Saa onipa no nni adwuma a ɔbɛyɛ daa, na ɔde da biara da akatua na ɛtra ase. Bɔs bi fi fie kɔ kurow no mu ne ayaresabea ba nnɔnhwerew abien biara. Wontumi ntɔ nhabannuru anaa nnuaba mpo wɔ akuraa no ase sotɔɔ mu. Ɛyɛ den dɛn ma obi a ɔte sɛɛ sɛ obedidi nnuan a ahoɔden wom na wakɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bere ano bere a ɔyare no?
Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ saa nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ akwahosan wɔ asetra mu (SDOH) yi nyɛ nea ɛfa w’akwahosan ho nko, na mmom ebetumi akyerɛ w’akwahosan ankasa . Ɛne sɛ, wobetumi ahu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa bi, ayaresa ko a wubetumi anya, ne sɛnea wote nka sɛ wo ho ye anaasɛ woyare da biara da.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, eyinom nyɛ wo mfomso. Ebia eyinom yɛ sintɔ ahorow wɔ ɔmanfo ne nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia no mu. Wɔn a wubehu wɔn no yɛ ade a edi kan a ɛbɛma woanya asetra a ahoɔden wom.
Yebetumi akyekyɛ asetra mu nneɛma a ɛde ba yi mu akuw atitiriw 5:
Sɛ yɛbɛte saa nsɛm yi ase yiye a, momma yɛnkyekyɛ mu akuwakuw atitiriw anum. U.S. Akwahosan ne Nnipa Dwumadibea na ɛyɛ saa mpaapaemu yi. Nanso saa nsɛm yi fa yɛn a yɛwɔ Sri Lanka no ho saa ara.
| Afuo titiriw (Domain) . | Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a... |
|---|---|
| 1. Sikasɛm mu Gyinabea | Sika a wonya ne sɛ ebia ebetumi adi wo ne w’abusua ahiade ho dwuma (aduan, nnuru, dan ka). |
| 2. Nhomasua a Wonya ne Nea Ɛyɛ Paara | Nhomasua a wo anaa wo mma nya ne nkɛntɛnso a ebenya wɔ w’asetra so. Nhomasua pa ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so nya adwuma pa ne sika pa. |
| 3. Akwahosan Ho Nneɛma a Wonya ne Nea Ɛyɛ Paara | So baabi wɔ hɔ a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛkɔ bere a woyare no? So saa beae no bɛma woanya adwene ne nipadua mu ayaresa pɔtee a wuhia? |
| 4. Mpɔtam ne Nneɛma a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia a Wɔasisi | The amenities in the area you live in. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nsu pa, mframa pa, sotɔɔ pa, akwan, ɔmanfo kar ne ahobammɔ. |
| 5. Asetra ne Mpɔtam Hɔ Nsɛm a Ɛfa Ho | Wo ne w’abusuafo, wo nnamfo, ne afipamfo ntam abusuabɔ. So obi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ne no akasa anaasɛ wobɛsrɛ mmoa bere a wowɔ ɔhaw bi? |
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ saa mmeae anum yi wɔ abusuabɔ. Ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ biako mu no ka afoforo no nyinaa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ohia (sikasɛm mu ahotɔ) betumi asiw wo kwan sɛ wobɛtɔ aduan pa, atra mpɔtam pa, na wode wo mma akɔ sukuu pa. Saa ara nso na sɛ bɔs biara nni wo mpɔtam hɔ (nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia) a, ebetumi ayɛ den ama wo sɛ wobɛkɔ adwuma anaa wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn (akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe). Akwanside biako mpo betumi aka w’asetra ne w’akwahosan nyinaa.
So saa nneɛma yi ka w’asetra? Momma yensusuw ho kakra.
Afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, "Eyi ka me dɛn?" Bisa wo ho nsɛm yi. Sɛ nsɛmmisa yi ho mmuae yɛ "yiw" a, ɛno yɛ kɛse. Nanso susuw nsɛmmisa a mmuae no yɛ "dabi" no ho. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne obi a wowɔ ne mu ahotoso, anaa wo duruyɛfo bɛka saa nsɛm yi ho asɛm.
1. Sikasɛm mu ahotɔ
- So wowɔ sika a ɛdɔɔso a wode bɛtɔ nnuan a ahoɔden wom (nhabannuru, nnuaba, nam, mpataa)?
- So wowɔ sika a wode bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn akɔtɔ yare bi ano aduru?
- So wutumi tua wo dan ka, anyinam ahoɔden ho ka, ne nsu ho ka wɔ bere ano?
- So wote nka sɛ w’adwuma no wɔ ahobammɔ? So wunsuro sɛ wobɛhwere ɔkyena?
- So wunya akwamma a wotua ho ka anaasɛ akwamma a wɔde kɔ yare?
2. Nhomasua
(Bua nsɛmmisa yi bere a wususuw wo mma ho. Anaasɛ susuw wo kan asetra ho.)
- So wo ba no nya hokwan nya sukuu nhomasua pa?
- Sɛ abofra no wɔ adesua mu dɛmdi a, so nneɛma bi wɔ sukuu anaa baabi foforo a ɛbɛboa?
- So wowɔ sika a wode bɛma wo ba no nhomasua a ɛkɔ akyiri (sukuupɔn anaa adwumayɛ ho ntetee)?
3. Akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe
- So wowɔ oduruyɛfo bi a wowɔ ne mu ahotoso a sɛ woyare a, wuhu no bere nyinaa?
- So wubetumi ate nea oduruyɛfo no reka no ase yiye?
- So wowɔ ahofadi sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm a wunsuro?
- So wowɔ mmeae a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu de siw nyarewa a wonya fi nna mu (STI) anaa kokoram ano?
- So wowɔ kar a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (bɔs, kar a ɛwɔ ntwahonan abiɛsa, w’ankasa kar) a wode bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
4. Mpɔtam ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔasisi
- So sotɔɔ anaa dapɛn dapɛn gua bi wɔ hɔ a ɛbɛn hɔ a wubetumi atɔ nhabannuru ne nnuaba pa?
- So wote nka sɛ wowɔ ahobammɔ wɔ fie ne w’akuraa anaa wo kurom?
- So wugye di sɛ nsu a ɛreba wo fie no ho tew?
- So akwan pa a wɔfa so nantew ne akwan a wɔfa so nantew wɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ?
- So dede a ɛwɔ abɔnten so no ano yɛ den araa ma wuntumi nna yiye anadwo?
- So wugye di sɛ nneɛma a awuduru wom te sɛ kɔbere nni wo fie? (Ebia kɔbere wɔ paint dedaw ahorow mu).
5. Asetra ne mpɔtam hɔ nsɛm a ɛfa ho
- So wowɔ adamfo pa anaa w’abusua muni bi a wobɛka wo nkate ho asɛm na wo ne no akasa bere a woahyia ɔhaw bi?
- So wowɔ nnamfo anaa abusuafo a wɔboa wo na wɔhyɛ wo nkuran?
- Sɛ woyare a, obi wɔ hɔ a ɔbɛboa wo ma woanoa aduan, de nnuru abrɛ wo, ne nea ɛkeka ho?
- So wote nka sɛ wogye wo tom na w’ani gye wo ho yiye wɔ w’adwumam ne w’afipamfo mu?
- So wotaa te nka sɛ wo ne afoforo wɔ abusuabɔ mmom sen sɛ wobɛyɛ ankonam?
Dɛn nti na asetra mu nsɛm yi ho hia saa?
Saa nneɛma yi (SDOH) ho hia efisɛ ebetumi ama asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa ahorow no ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛso atew. Wobetumi aka wo nkwa nna mpo. Eyi ba wɔ akwan titiriw abien so: denam sɛnea yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm yɛ adwuma no so nkɛntɛnso ne gyinaesi ahorow a yesisi da biara da a yenya so nkɛntɛnso so.
1. SDOH ne wo awosu mu nkwaadɔm
Awosu mu nkwaadɔm a yenya fi yɛn awofo hɔ no ka asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yebenya nyarewa no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ obi nya awosu mu nsakrae te sɛ ``BRCA1`` anaa ``BRCA2``, a ɛne nufu mu kokoram wɔ abusuabɔ a, saa onipa no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya kokoram.
Nanso asɛm no nkɔ awiei wɔ hɔ. Nyansahu mu ade foforo bi a wɔfrɛ no epigenetics ahu sɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia, yɛn asetra kwan, sesa ɔkwan a yɛn awosu mu nneɛma yɛ adwuma. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nneɛma te sɛ sɛnea wɔtetee wo bere a na woyɛ abofra, mframa a wohome no su, ne nea ɛkeka ho betumi ama awosu mu nkwaadɔm bi ‘asɔ’ na afoforo nso ‘adum’.
Fa no sɛ wowɔ kanea bi wɔ wo fie, nanso obiara nni hɔ a ɔbɛsɔ. Ɛwom mpo sɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm wɔ hɔ de, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛsɛ sɛ ‘ɛdan’ wɔ bere a ɛfata mu esiane nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia nkɛntɛnso nti no ‘dum’, na sɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛsɛ sɛ ‘ɛdum’ no ‘ayɛ adwuma’ a, nneɛma a epira pii betumi asi wɔ nipadua no mu. Kokoram nkwammoaa a enyin no yɛ nhwɛso biako.
2. SDOH ne wo gyinaesi ahorow
Wɔ awosu mu nneɛma akyi no, nneɛma a yɛpaw no nso ka yɛn akwahosan. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wunim sɛ w’abusua anya komayare pɛn a, wubetumi atew nnuan a srade wom a wudi so, ateɛteɛ w’apɔw mu, na woahwɛ wo mogya so daa. Saa nneɛma a wobɛpaw yi betumi aboa wo ma woasiw yare no ano anaasɛ wobɛhwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm.
Nanso so w’ankasa wubetumi asi saa gyinae no ankasa? Mpɛn pii no, wuntumi nyɛ saa. Ebia wowɔ akwanside ahorow wɔ saa gyinaesi ahorow no a wode bedi dwuma no mu. Nneɛma te sɛ kar a wunni a wode bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn, sika a wunni mfa ntɔ nnuan a ahoɔden wom. Worentumi mfa w’ankasa w’ahoɔden kɛkɛ nyɛ saa nneɛma yi.
Ɛho hia sɛ woka eyi ho asɛm kyerɛ oduruyɛfo no
Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ hyehyɛ kratasin bi, ɛnte saa? Ebia ebebisa wo fie nsɛm, w’aduan, w’adwene mu akwahosan, w’adwuma ho asɛm. Wɔmmisa saa nneɛma yi kwa. Wɔsrɛ sɛ wɔte asetena ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho nsɛnnennen a wuhyia no ase, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi aboa wo yiye.
Dodow a wo ne wo duruyɛfo ka saa nneɛma yi ho asɛm pefee no, dodow no ara na obetumi aboa wo. Ebia obetumi ama wo wo haw no ano aduru anaasɛ ɔbɛkyerɛ wo mpɔtam hɔ nneɛma afoforo a ebetumi aboa.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ worehyia adwennwen a, ebetumi afi ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ adwumam. Sɛ oduruyɛfo no hu eyi wie a, nnuru a ɔbɛkyerɛw ama wo akyi no, obetumi de wo akɔma wo akɔma wo afotu.
Kae sɛ, saa asetra mu nneɛma yi aka w’asetra fi da a wɔwoo wo no. Nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na wɔyɛ pɛ. Ebia sikasɛm mu ahokyere a mowɔ nnɛ no befi hɔ ɔkyena. Ebia tebea a wote mu nnɛ no bɛyɛ soronko ɔkyena. Enti, akwanside ahorow a wuhyia mprempren no nyɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Ɛnyɛ nnuru a wobɛnom de asa yare bi kɛkɛ na ɛfa w’akwahosan ho. Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den sen saa koraa.
- Wo sika a wonya, wo nhomasua, w’adwuma, baabi a wote, ne wo ne afoforo ntam abusuabɔ nyinaa ka wo nipadua ne w’adwene mu akwahosan tẽẽ.
- Sɛ worehyia asetena mu nsɛnnennen te sɛ eyinom (e.g., sika a wunni a wunni, baabi a ahobammɔ wɔ a wunni, ankonamyɛ) a, nsuro sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa ho.
- Sɛ woka nsɛm yi kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo a, ɛbɛboa no ma wɔayɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo yiye na sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔde wo bɛkɔ mmoa adwumayɛbea afoforo.
- Ebia akwanside ahorow a wuhyia nnɛ no bɛyɛ soronko ɔkyena. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ mmoa na woabɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛyɛ nsakrae pa.
💬 Comments (0)
Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.
Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho