Momma yensua ahurututu amammerɛ ho ade wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so.

So woafefe na wo ho ayɛ wo hyew nna kakraa bi ni? Ebia wo duruyɛfo aka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ ‘sputum culture’. Ebia sɛ wote saa din no a, ehu ka wo kakra na wo ho yeraw wo. Dɛn ankasa ne ahurututu ho amammerɛ? So ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro? Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa koraa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Nea edi kan no, ma yɛnhwɛ, dɛn ne saa ahurututu amammerɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwɛ sɛ mmoawa anaa mmoawa afoforo a wɔde ɔyare mmoawa reba w’ahurututu anaa ɔhome akwaa mu anaa.

Nnuruyɛfo taa de sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma de hu nnipa a wɔwɔ ɔhome mu nyarewa a emu nyɛ den pii, te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne nsamanwaw, na wɔde di wɔn tebea no akyi.

Enti dɛn na ‘sputum’ kyerɛ?

Plegm yɛ nsu a ɛyɛ den a ɛboaboa ano wɔ w’ahurututu mu. Yɛtaa frɛ no nso sɛ ‘sputum’. Wubetumi anya saa nsu a ɛyɛ nwini yi esiane nyarewa a enni sabea ne nyarewa a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu anaa ɔhome kwan mu nti.

Eyi yɛ soronko wɔ nnompe a ɛwɔ w’anom no ho. Nkwammoaa a efi yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu na ɛwɔ mucus mu. Saa nkwammoaa yi ko tia mmoawa a wɔahyɛn ahurututu mu. Nsuo no yɛ duru, enti mmoawa bata ho na ɛkyere. Afei, nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ nhwi (cilia) a ɛwɔ yɛn mframa kwan mu no pia saa nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ yi kɔ soro na ɛkɔ yɛn anom. Afei yebetumi afefe no na yɛapam no.

Dɛn nti na oduruyɛfo bi bɛkamfo saa ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ?

Saa sɔhwɛ yi wɔ botae atitiriw pii.

1. Yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya yare no

Saa sɔhwɛ yi boa ma wohu sɛ ebia wowɔ ɔyare bi wɔ w’ahurututu ne wo home mu, na sɛ ɛte saa a, ɔyare mmoawa bɛn na ɛde ba. Nyarewa atitiriw a wobetumi afa sɔhwɛ yi so ahu no bi ne:

• Ahurututu mu yare: Eyi yɛ yare a emu yɛ den a ɛba ahurututu mu.
• Tuberculosis (TB): Eyi nso yɛ ɔyare mmoawa pɔtee bi a ɛba ahurututu mu. Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, ebetumi atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo.
• Bronchiectasis: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛma mframa kwan no mu yɛ teateaa na ahurututu no dwumadi so tew.

2. Yɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe

Sɛ wuhu ɔyare mmoawa pɔtee a ɛde ɔyare no ba wie a, wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw wo aduru a eye sen biara ama wo.Yi ho. Ɛne sɛ, ɛboa kɛse wɔ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a ebetumi akum saa ɔyare mmoawa no a wɔpaw no mu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, saa nhwehwɛmu yi nso betumi aboa wo ma woahu aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a ɛfata sen biara ma saa mmoawa no na ebetumi akum no (susceptibility testing).

3. Hwɛ sɛnea yare no te

Saa sɔhwɛ yi nso boa wo ma wuhu sɛ bere kɔ so no, wo tebea no reyɛ yiye anaasɛ ɛresɛe. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi ahu sɛ aduru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no reyɛ adwuma anaasɛ ɛnte saa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ me smear nhwehwɛmu?

Wo duruyɛfo betumi abisa nhwehwɛmu yi sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu yare a emu yɛ den te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a.

Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo bedi kan ayɛ ne koko X-ray anaa CT scan. Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɔyare bi te sɛ ahurututu mu yare bi wɔ hɔ a, wɔbɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔahu ɔyare mmoawa pɔtee a ɛde ba.

Woyɛ dɛn yɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Akwan atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so nya ahurututu mu nsu.

1. Deep aspiration sputum nhwɛsode kwan

Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so, a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu.

• Nea edi kan no, wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa nsu hohoro w’ano.
• Afei ɔka kyerɛ me sɛ menhome kakra.
• Afei, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nsu a ɛrefefe denneennen fi koko no mu no gu kuruwa ketewaa titiriw bi a wɔde ama saa atirimpɔw no mu.
• Ebia ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ eyi mpɛn pii na ama woanya nsu a ɛdɔɔso.

Ɛyɛ den ma nnipa binom sɛ wobeyi nsu a ɛyɛ nwini afi hɔ. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo no betumi abɔ wo moma so brɛoo de aboa ma nsu a ɛwɔ mu no ayɛ mmerɛw. Anaasɛ, ebia wɔbɛma woahome nkyene nsuyiri a ɛboa ma nsu a ɛyɛ nwini no fi hɔ.

2. Ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu

Sɛ ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ wɔde ɔkwan a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no bedi dwuma de agye ahurututu mu nsu a, oduruyɛfo no betumi afa saa kwan yi so.

• Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde abata wo hwene anaa w’ano mu bɛfa w’ahurututu mu, na woafa nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ bi afi wo mframa kwan mu tẽẽ.
• Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ eyi no, wɔbɛma wo nnuru a ɛbɛma wo ho adwo wo, na beae no ayɛ mmerɛw sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a worente ɛyaw biara . Enti ɛho nhia sɛ wosuro.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Sɛnea wusiesie wo ho no begyina ɔkwan a wobɛfa so anya ahurututu no nhwɛsode no so.

Dɛn na nea efi mu ba no ka?

Nea efi ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba no betumi aba wɔ akwan titiriw abien so.

• Normal / Negative: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔanhu mmoawa anaa mmoawa a epira biara wɔ wo sputum sample no mu.
• Abnormal / Positive: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wohuu mmoawa anaa ɔyare mmoawa foforo bi wɔ wo sputum sample no mu. Amanneɛbɔ no bɛka ɔyare mmoawa ko a ɛyɛ ne dodow a ɛwɔ mu nso.

Esiane sɛ mpɛn pii no egye bere ansa na mmoawa anyin nti, ebia ebegye nna kakraa bi ansa na amanneɛbɔ no aba. Sɛ nea efi mu ba no ba a, oduruyɛfo no bɛfrɛ wo na wakyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo.