Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ woreforo antweri a, wote nka sɛ woabrɛ anaasɛ wo ti so yɛ wo yaw? Yɛtaa susuw sɛ eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛfata a ɛba bere a yɛrenyin anaa esiane sɛ yɛyɛ adwumaden dodo nti. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne nketenkete yi akyi no, ebia akwahosan ho haw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ so. Ɔhaw a ɛte saa no biako ne koma mu ntini mu yare. Mma ɛnhaw wo, yɛbɛka eyi nyinaa ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye a wubetumi ate ase so.
Dɛn ne Koma mu Nsuo Mu Yare?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ tebea a yɛn koma mu ntini biako anaa nea ɛboro saa ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Fa yɛn koma sɛ ofie ketewa bi a ɛwɔ adan anan. Wɔ saa adan yi ntam no, apon anan na ɛboa ma mogya kɔ so kɔ ɔkwan biako pɛ so. Wɔfrɛ saa apon no valve .
Sɛ koma no bɔ a, saa valve yi bue na ɛto mu, te sɛ ɔpon.
- Saa valve yi bue bere a ɛsɛ sɛ mogya sen kɔ n’anim no.
- Eyinom to mu bere a ɛsɛ sɛ mogya no gyae san kɔ akyi no.
Sɛ saa adeyɛ yi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ koma no yɛ adwumaden kɛse na ama mogya no akɔ. Sɛ wɔansa yare yi a, bere kɔ so no, ebetumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den. Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ, ayaresa pa pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi anya nnɛ. Wobetumi de oprehyɛn anaa nnɛyi akwan foforo asiesie saa valve ahorow yi, anaasɛ wɔde foforo ahyɛ mu.
Valve atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ yɛn koma mu:
- Mitral valve: Ɛda benkum atrium ne benkum ventricle ntam.
- Tricuspid valve: Ɛda atrium nifa ne ventricle nifa ntam.
- Aortic valve: Ɛda benkum so ahurututu ne aorta ntam.
- Ahurututu mu ntini: Ɛda ahurututu nifa ne ahurututu mu ntini no ntam.
Dɛn ne valve nyarewa atitiriw?
Wobetumi akyekyɛ valve haw ahorow mu ayɛ no ahorow atitiriw pii. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, onipa koro no ara betumi anya ɔhaw ahorow yi bɛboro biako. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.
| Tebea no din | Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn na ɛba? |
|---|---|
| Stenosis a ɛyɛ mmerɛw | Valve nkrataa no yɛ den, ɛyɛ den, na enbue yiye. Te sɛ ɔpon a ayɛ mmerɛw. Eyi ma ɔkwan a mogya fa mu no yɛ teateaa. Ɛsɛ sɛ koma no yɛ adwumaden kɛse na ama mogya no akɔ n’anim. |
| Nsu a ɛsan kɔ nipadua no mu | Valve flaps no ntumi nto mu yiye, na ɛma mogya tu kɔ akyi. Wɔsan frɛ eyi sɛ "leaky valve." Ɛte sɛ mframa a ɛfa ɔpon a wɔanto mu mu reba, na mogya retu akɔ akyi. Eyi ma koma no yɛ adwumaden mmɔho abien. |
| Ɔhwease a ɛba fam | Eyi ka mitral valve no titiriw. Esiane sɛ valve nkrataa no trɛw dodo nti, ɛbobɔw kɔ akyi, kɔ benkum so atiridiinini no, bere a koma no bɔ no. Eyi nyɛ asiane mma nnipa dodow no ara, nanso ebinom fam no, ebetumi ama wɔn ho ayɛ wɔn hyew. |
| Atresia a wɔfrɛ no Atresia | Eyi yɛ tebea a wonya fi awo mu. Koma mu ntini a ɛba a enni ano bere a akokoaa no da so ara wɔ awotwaa no mu. Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo na wohu eyi bere a wɔawo wɔn. |
Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya valve yare?
Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ valve yare no nkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔ mfiase. Nanso, bere a bere kɔ so no, tebea no mu yɛ den kɛse no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no fi ase da adi bere a ɛsɛ sɛ koma no yɛ adwumaden no.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, wɔ nsɛm pii mu no, yare no betumi aba nipadua no mu a enni sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Enti, aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa ho hia yiye.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw a wohu ne:
- Ɔbrɛ: Ebia eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a wubehu. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woabrɛ bere a woayɛ adwuma kakra mpo awie no.
- Ɔhome a ɛyɛ tiaa (ɔhome a ɛyɛ den): Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den no yɛ kɛse, titiriw bere a ɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, ɔforo antweri, anaa ɔreyɛ adwuma biara a ɛyɛ den no.
- Nsakrae a ɛba ɔkwan a wo koma bɔ mu (a ɛyɛ wo yaw): Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo koma rebɔ ntɛmntɛm, a "ɛbɔ" atenka wɔ wo moma so, anaasɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛrebɔ pɛnkoro na afei agyae.
- Nipadua mu ahonhon (Edema): Ɛhonhon wɔ nansoaa, nan, anaa yafunu mu.
- Mmerewa anaa adwenemhaw: Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw, te sɛ nea wosɔre gyinaa hɔ mpofirim.
- Nipadua mu duru a ɛkɔ soro mpofirim.
- Koko mu yaw: Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo koko mu ayɛ den, titiriw bere a woreyɛ adwuma a emu yɛ den no.
Dɛn nti na saa valve nyarewa ahorow yi ba? Dɛn na ɛde ba?
Nneɛma pii nti na koma no ntini betumi asɛe. Ebi yɛ nneɛma a yebetumi adi so, na ebi nso nyɛ saa.
- Rheumatic fever: Tebea a ɛba bere a wɔannya menewa mu yare (strep throat) ho aduru wɔ mmofraase no. Eyi betumi asɛe koma no ntini ahorow. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛtaa ba wɔ yɛn man yi mu.
- Koma mu yare: Sɛ koma ntini no sɛe esiane komayare nti nso betumi aka sɛnea ntini ahorow no yɛ adwuma.
- Mogya mmoroso: Mogya mmoroso a wɔanhyɛ so bere tenten no betumi asɛe koma no.
- Nsɛm a efi awo mu: Wɔwo nnipa binom a wɔn valve asɛe.
- Valve a ɛyɛ mmerɛw bere a obi nyin: Bere a yɛrenyin no, calcium a ɛwɔ valve ahorow no ntini mu (calcification) betumi ayɛ den na ayɛ mmerɛw.
- Infective endocarditis: Ɔyare mmoawa a efi nipadua no mu mmeae afoforo a ɛfa mogya no mu na ɛsɛe koma no mu ntini ahorow.
- Ayaresa mu tebea afoforo: Nyarewa bi te sɛ lupus ne Marfan syndrome nso betumi asɛe ntini ahorow no.
Nneɛma a ɛma asiane kɔ soro
- Tawa a wɔde di dwuma.
- Aduan a ahoɔden nnim.
- Ɛnyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ.
- Nyarewa te sɛ asikreyare ne mogya mmoroso a obi wɔ.
- Esiane sɛ wɔanya kokoram ho ayaresa a wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den ayɛ no nti.
- Mpanyinyɛ.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo hu sɛ ɔwɔ valve yare?
Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɔbɛhwɛ wo. Sɛ wode afiri a wɔde tie asɛm retie wo moma so a, sɛ wote nnyigyei bi a ɛyɛ soronko de ka koma nnyigyei a ɛfata ho a, "koma mu nwiinwii" a, ebetumi ayɛ valve ho haw ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔbɛhwehwɛ nsu nso wɔ ahurututu mu ne nan mu ahonhon.
Ɛno akyi no, wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii na ama wɔahu yare no na wɔahu sɛnea emu yɛ den.
| Sɔhwɛ no din | Dɛn na ɛrekɔ so ara kwa? |
|---|---|
| Echocardiogram a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm | Eyi yɛ koma no mu ultrasound scan. Te sɛ nea wɔhwehwɛ ɛna a onyinsɛn yafunu mu no, wɔde mfiri bi si ne moma so na koma no bɔ, ntini no bue na ɛto mu, na mogya no sen te sɛ video. |
| Trans-esophageal Echo (TEE) a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (TEE) . | Eyi te sɛ echo scan, nanso wɔde afiri ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ afiri a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu fa aduan no mu na wɔde bɛn koma no yiye. Eyi betumi ama wɔanya koma no mu ntini ahorow no ho mfonini a emu da hɔ yiye. |
| Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) a wɔde kyerɛw koma no . | Sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛw anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi a ɛwɔ koma no mu. Wɔnam sticker nketewa a wɔde bɛhyɛ koko ne akwaa so na ɛyɛ eyi. |
| Koko so X-ray a wɔyɛ | Koko mu X-ray betumi akyerɛ sɛ ebia koma no ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ nsu ahyɛ ahurututu no ma. |
| Koma mu Catheter a Wɔde Ma | Wɔde afiri bi a ɛyɛ tratraa paa fa ntini bi a ɛwɔ abasa anaa nan no mu kɔ koma no mu, wɔde ade titiriw bi gu mu, na wɔde X-ray video hwehwɛ sɛnea koma no mu ntini ne ntini a ɛwɔ koma no mu no yɛ adwuma. Wɔsan frɛ eyi sɛ angiogram. |
Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?
Ayaresa no gyina valve yare ko a wowɔ, sɛnea emu yɛ den, mfe a woadi, ne w’akwahosan nyinaa so.
1. Nnuru a wɔde di dwuma
Nnuru ntumi nsan valve a asɛe no. Nanso, wobetumi aboa ma wɔadi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so, atew nhyɛso a ɛba koma no so no so, na wɔasiw nsɛnnennen te sɛ mogya a ɛtwetwe no ano. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw nnuru a wode bedi nneɛma te sɛ mogya mmoroso, srade a ɛwɔ mogya mu, ne koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ (arrhythmias) so.
2. Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ
Sɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den anaa sɛ koma no resɛe a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn. Akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ.
- Valve a Wosiesie:Bere biara a ɛbɛyɛ yiye no, nea edi kan a nnuruyɛfo paw ne sɛ wubesiesie w’ankasa wo valve na woasan asi bio efisɛ ɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya ɔyare mmoawa no so, ɛmma enhia sɛ wode nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw wo nkwa nna nyinaa mu, na ɛma koma no yɛ adwuma.
- Valve a Wɔsesa: Sɛ valve no sɛe a wontumi nsiesie a, woyi na wɔde valve foforo hyɛ mu. Saa valve foforo yi ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:
- Mfiridwuma Valve: Eyinom yɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa, nanso sɛ wɔde hyɛ mu pɛ a, ebehia sɛ wofa nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw wo nkwa nna nyinaa.
- Biological/Tissue Valves: Wɔde mmoa (mprako anaa nantwi) koma mu ntini na ɛyɛ eyinom. Ɛnhia sɛ wɔde nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw bere tenten, nanso ebetumi asɛe wɔ mfe 10-15 akyi, na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ no oprehyɛn bio.
Mprempren, wobetumi afa oprehyɛn yi a wɔatwa no ketewaa bi (oprehyɛn a wɔmfa nneɛma pii nkɔ mu) so a wonnyi nufu no koraa. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ ɔkwan a eye ma wo mu akyerɛ wo.
Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho bere a wo ne valve yare te no
Sɛ wowɔ valve yare a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ w’akwahosan so kakra.
- Kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa: Sɛ wunni yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo a, kɔhwɛ sɛnea wo duruyɛfo ayɛ nhyehyɛe no. Ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ sɛnea valve no te mu hwɛ sɛ nsakrae biara aba anaa.
- Bɔ wo ho ban fi nyarewa ho: Asiane kɛse a wowɔ ne komayare a wɔfrɛ no infective endocarditis . Siw eyi ano denam:
- Hwɛ wo sẽ ne wo sẽ akwahosan yiye. Brush wo sẽ yiye da biara da.
- Ka kyerɛ wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo ne oduruyɛfo foforo biara sɛ wowɔ komayare.
- Bisa wo koma ho ɔyaresafo sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wonom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ansa na wɔayi wo sẽ anaa oprehyɛn ketewaa foforo bi anaa.
- Asetra a ahoɔden wom: Kwati sigaretnom, di aduan a ɛkari pɛ, na teɛteɛ w’apɔw mu sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ no.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛnea metumi?
Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne (atiridiinini, wo koko mu yaw, wo nan a ɛho ahonhon) mu yɛ den anaasɛ ɛtaa ba a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ba, titiriw wɔ valve oprehyɛn akyi a, kɔ ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ntɛm ara anaa frɛ 1990.
- Nhumu a ɛyera mpofirim.
- Koko mu yaw a emu yɛ den.
- Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa a emu yɛ den a sɛ obi gye n’ahome mpo a, ɛnbrɛ ase.
- Koma a ɛbɔ kɔ soro boro 150 wɔ simma biara mu.
- Atiridii anaa atiridiinini.
- Mogya a wɔfefe.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Mma w’ani ngu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔbrɛ, ɔbrɛ a ɛyɛ soronko, ne koko mu yaw so sɛnea ɛte daa. Wobetumi ayɛ valvular yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
- Koma mu ntini mu yare yɛ tebea a wobetumi asa no yiye kɛse nnansa yi. Ɛho nhia sɛ yesuro.
- Kɔ kɔhwɛ ne nhwehwɛmu daa sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no. Ɛno ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ wo koma ho ban.
- Nsakrae nketenkete a wobɛyɛ wɔ asetra mu (aduan pa, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, sigaretnom a wugyae) betumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba wo koma akwahosan mu.
- Sɛ wowɔ valvular yare a, ka ho asɛm kyerɛ wo nnuruyɛfo nyinaa, a wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo ka ho. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wosiw nyarewa ano.
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